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Cotter Joint Design PDF

The document discusses the design of cotter joints. It provides details on the components of a cotter joint, including the rods, spigot end, socket end and cotter. It also describes the typical applications of cotter joints and advantages. Furthermore, the document outlines the free body diagram of a cotter joint and equations for calculating tensile, shear, crushing and bending failure of the different components. Finally, it lists the step-by-step design procedure for sizing a cotter joint based on strength calculations and empirical relationships.

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Manoj Hepde
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497 views22 pages

Cotter Joint Design PDF

The document discusses the design of cotter joints. It provides details on the components of a cotter joint, including the rods, spigot end, socket end and cotter. It also describes the typical applications of cotter joints and advantages. Furthermore, the document outlines the free body diagram of a cotter joint and equations for calculating tensile, shear, crushing and bending failure of the different components. Finally, it lists the step-by-step design procedure for sizing a cotter joint based on strength calculations and empirical relationships.

Uploaded by

Manoj Hepde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 306

DESIGN OF MECHANICAL COMPONENTS

Course Coordinator:
DR. SHIVDAYAL PATEL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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Cotter Joint

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ME 306 (3L+1T) Credit :4
Design of Mechanical Components
• Introduction,
• Design of Cotter and Knuckle Joint,
• Design of Thick and Thin cylinders,
• Design of Shafts, Keys and Coupling,
• Design of Bolted and Welded Joints,
• Design of Springs, Selection of Bearings,
• Design and Selection of Gears and Belts,
• Design of Clutches and Brakes,
• Design for variable loading.
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Cotter Joint
• A cotter joint is used to connect two co-axial rods, which are
subjected to either axial tensile force or axial compressive force.
• It is also used to connect a rod on one side with some machine
part like a crosshead or base plate on the other side.
Typical applications of cotter joint are as follows:
1. Used in bicycle to connect the pedal to sprocket wheel
(i) Joint between the piston rod and the crosshead of a steam engine
(ii) Joint between the slide spindle and the fork of the valve
mechanism
(iii) Joint between the piston rod and the tail or pump rod

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Cotter Joint

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Advantage of Cotter Joint
• The assembly and dismantling of parts of the joint in operating
condition and prevents loosening of the parts.
• Due to its taper shape, it is easy to remove the cotter and
dismantle the joint.
• The cotter joint is quick and simple.
• The assembly consists of inserting the spigot end into the socket
end and putting the cotter into their common slot. When the
cotter is hammered, the rods are drawn together and tightened.
• Dismantling consists of removing the cotter from the slot by
means of a hammer.
• The wedge action develops a very high tightening force, which
prevents loosening of parts in service.
• The joint is simple to design and manufacture.
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FREE BODY DIAGRAM

Fig. Cotter Joint

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Tensile force of Rods
Tensile Failure of Rods: Each rod of diameter
d is subjected to a tensile force P. The tensile
stress in the rod is given by,

…..(1)

P P

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Tensile Failure of Spigot
• Figure shows the weakest cross-section at XX
of the spigot end,
• Area of Section X-X=
…(2)
which is subjected to tensile stress

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Tensile failure of the Socket
• Figure shows the weakest section at YY of the
socket end, which is subjected to tensile
stress. The area of this section is given by,

…(3)

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Shear Failure of Cotter

• The cotter is subjected to double shear as illustrated


in Fig.. The area of each of the two planes that resist
shearing failure is (bt). Therefore, shear stress in the
cotter is given by,
…..(4)

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Shear Failure of Cotter
Shear Failure of Spigot End

• The spigot end is subjected to double shear as shown in Fig.


The area of each of the two planes that resist shear failure is
(ad). Therefore, shear stress in the spigot end is given by,

…..(5)

Shear Stress in Spigot End


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Shear Failure of Socket End
• The socket end is also subjected to double shear as
shown in Fig.. The area of each of the two planes
that resist shear failure is given by,
• Area= (d4-d2)c
• Therefore, shear stress in the socket end is given by:
…..(6)

Shear Stress in Socket End


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Crushing Failure of Spigot End

• As shown in Fig. (c), the force P causes


compressive stress on a narrow rectangular
area of thickness t and with d2 perpendicular
to the plane of the paper.
• The compressive stress is given by, …..(7)

Compressive Stress in Spigot End


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Crushing Failure of Socket End
• As shown in Fig. (c), the force P causes compressive stress on a
narrow rectangular area of thickness t. The other dimension
of rectangle, perpendicular to the plane of paper is (d4– d2).
• Therefore, compressive stress in the socket end is given by,

…..(8)

Compressive Stress in Socket End

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Bending Failure of Cotter
• When the cotter is tight in the socket and spigot, it is subjected to
shear stresses.
• When it becomes loose, bending occurs. The forces acting on the
cotter are shown in Fig. (a).
• The force P between the cotter and spigot end is assumed as
uniformly distributed over the length d2.
• The force between the socket end and cotter is assumed to be
varying linearly from zero to maximum with triangular distribution.
• The cotter is treated as beam as shown in Fig.(b). For triangular
distribution,

…..(9)

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The bending moment is maximum at the centre. At the central section,

…..(10)

Cotter Treated as Beam (a) Actual Distribution of Forces (b) Simplified Diagram of Forces
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DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR COTTER JOINT
• The basic procedure to calculate the dimensions of the cotter
joint consists of the following steps:
• Calculate the diameter of each rod by …..(1)

• Calculate the thickness of the cotter by the t empirical


relationship given in Eq. t=0.31 d …..(11)
• Calculate the diameter d2 of the spigot on the basis of tensile
stress. …..(2)
• Calculate the outside diameter d1 of the socket on the basis of
tensile stress in the socket, …..(3)
The diameter of the spigot collar d3 and the diameter of the socket collar d4 are
calculated by the following empirical relationships, d3 =1.5d, d4=2.4d
The dimensions a and c are calculated by the following empirical relationship
a = c = 0.75 d

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Calculate the width b of the cotter by shear and bending consideration using following
Eqs. and select the width, whichever is maximum between these two values.

…..(10)

Check the crushing and shear stresses in the spigot end by given as Eqs. .

…..(7)

…..(5)

(ix) Check the crushing and shear stresses in the socket end by following Eqs. as given
below

…..(8)

…..(6)

Calculate the thickness t1 of the spigot collar by the following empirical relationship, t1 = 0.45d
The taper of the cotter is 1 in 32.
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