International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 114 No. 12 2017, 155-161

ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

Garbage Monitoring System Using IOT

1
Ashima Bajaj and 2Sumanth Reddy
1
Computer Science and Engineering,
SRM University, Chennai, India.
[email protected]
2
Computer Science and Engineering,
SRM University, Chennai, India.
[email protected]

Abstract
In the present scenario, we see the garbage bins being overloaded and all
the garbage spills out resulting in pollution. The detection ,monitoring and
management of waste is one of the primary problems of the present era. The
traditional way of monitoring the wastes in waste bins is complex,
cumbersome process which takes more human effort, time and cost which is
not compatable with the present day technologies in any way. Hence our
problem statement is to design a system based on microcontroller using
zigbee methodology for collecting garbage from particular area whose
garbage bins are overflowing with prior concern. This method is advanced
in which garbage management is automated. This project Garbage
Monitoring system using IOT is a very innovative system which will help to
keep the cities clean. This system makes use of microcontroller, LCD screen,
zigbee methodology for sending data. Ultra sonic sensors are used to detect
the level of garbage collected in the bins. The LCD screen is used to display
the level of garbage collected in the bins.
Key Words: Microcontroller, UltraSonic Sensor, Metal Detector

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1. Introduction
Pollution is the spread of contaminants into an environment that causes
instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the environment. Solid waste
management is one of the major environmental problems of India. Solid waste
management is the collection, transport, disposal, managing and monitoring of
waste material. Garbage may consist of the municipal solid waste construction
waste, commercial Garbage may consist of the municipal solid waste
construction waste, commercial waste ,industrial waste etc… left over the city.
This project is useful for creating “Smart City” and it is based on “Internet of
Things”. For healthy lifestyle cleanliness is needed and it begins with the use of
trash bins. This project will help to eradicate or minimise the solid waste
disposal problem. In present scenario, many times we see the garbage bins gets
overloaded due to increase in solid waste everyday. It creates unhygienic
environment and bad smell in the society and because of this many disease get
spread in the society to avoid this situation we are designing “Garbage
monitoring system using Internet of Things” In this proposed system the
multiple trash bins are located throughout the city, these trash bins are
embedded with low cost embedded device. When the dustbin gets half filled
that is when the threshold value become 50% then the corporation will get
notification and when the garbage level will reach the threshold value 80% then
the notification will get half filled. The proposed system is cost effective
because it will notify twice to the organization and they will get time to optimise
the cost of transportation.

2. Literature Survey
This is not an original idea, for the implementation of smart dustbins ; the idea
has existed for many years, after the IoT field finding its grip in our lives. This
is, however an original plan for designing a smart garbage bin with Ultrasonic
sensor ,metal detector, microcontroller (16F877A), xbee-rx (an XBee reactive
extensions API) and MAX232 for transmission of data to the server. The
ultrasonic sensor will be used to detect the level of garbage in dustbin. Metal
detector will be used to detect the opening and closing of lid We have set two
threshold values 50% and 80%.when the garbage level reach 50% and 80% the
notification will get display on the web page Accordingly information is
processed that is controller checks if the threshold level is exceeded or not, and
this information will transfer to the server by using Zigbee . By using garbage
monitoring system the information of all smart dustbins can be accessed from
anywhere and anytime by the concern person and he/she can take the decision
accordingly. The front end to create web page is core java and the backend is
MySQL.The software component used to create web page is JDK6 or JDK7 and
the hardware component used is MPLab 8.36.

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3. System Architecture

4. Methodology Integrated
ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through
a mesh network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. ZigBee is
typically used in low data rate applications that require long battery life and
secure networking. ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s, best suited for
intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device. Zigbee device are
used to transmit data over long distance. ZigBee devices are mainly utilized in
mesh network form to transmit data sequence over a longer distances and
transmitting data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones.
Zigbee networks are used to form ad-hoc, with no centralized control or high
power transmission or receiver able to reach all of the devices. The zigbee
module is serial interfaced with the PC. The microcontroller compares the set
limit with input data ,if anyone or both input data crossed threshold level. Then

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microcontroller which is interfaced with Zigbee module which transfer data to

the server .The sent data contains the ID of the garbage can. The server
compares the ID with its database which contains record of ID and location of
each garbage can located in city. Then it gives exact location of the garbage can
which is full.

5. Hardware Description
Power Supply: We use 12v power supply in our project. It is mainly used to
provide DC voltage to the components on board. 5V is required for relay
applied from power supply. 5V is constantly given to microcontroller.

Ultrasonic Sensor: Ultra sonic sensor is used to detect the level of garbage.
The sonic waves emitted by the transducer are reflected by an object and
received back in the transducer. After having emitted the sound waves, the
ultrasonic sensor will switch to receive mode. The time elapsed between
emitting and receiving is proportional to the distance of the object from the
sensor. Ultrasonic sensors can detect movement of targets and measure the
distance to them. Sensors can have an on or off digital output for detecting the
movement of objects, or an analog output proportional to distance.

Metal detector: Metal detector is used to monitor lid opening or

closing. when you move a metal detector over a piece of metal, the magnetic
field coming from the detector causes another magnetic field to appear around
the metal. It's As you move the detector about over the piece of metal, the
magnetic field produced by the metal cuts through the coil. Now if you move a
piece of metal through a magnetic field, you make electricity flow through it.
this second magnetic field, around the metal, that the detector picks up. So, as
you move the detector over the metal, electricity flows through the receiver coil,
making the loudspeaker click or beep.

Microcontroller: It get information from sensor and process on it. It

compares the received data with the threshold level set and accordingly output is
generated. It consists of two 8 bit and one 16 bit timer. Capture and compare
modules, serial ports, parallel ports and five input/output ports are also present
in it. An EEPROM is also featured in it which makes it possible to store some
of the information permanently like transmitter codes and receiver frequencies
and some other related data. It has a total number of 40 pins and there are 33
pins for input and output.

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6. Flowchart

7. Conclusion
This project is an integrated system of Ultrasonic sensor, metal detector,
microcontroller, MPlab IDE, Zigbee Rx module. Ultrsonic sensor will give the
readings more accurately, it is introduced for economic and efficient garbage
collection. By implementing this project we can avoid the overflowing of trash
bins in residential areas which will prevent many diseases and hence we can
maintain a clean environment. This system will automatically send the
notification to the municipal corporation. The proposed system is more efficient
and practical then the existing scenario of processing solid waste collection in
which everything is manually done. Every smart dustbins will be given a
specific ID number which will be send in the notification by using that we will
get to know the location of dustbins. His system will reduce the wastage of fuel
by reducing number of trips of garbage collection vehicle.

Acknowledgment
We are deeply expressing our sincere gratitude to our project guide Prof. Selvin
Paul Peter who always supported and guided us with valuable comments. We
express our immense pleasure and thankfulness to all faculty members of the

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Department of Computer Science & Engineering of SRM University,

Kattankulathur.

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