User Manual For Digital Logic Trainer Kit
User Manual For Digital Logic Trainer Kit
1. Introduction
Figure 1 shows a close up of the logic trainer PCB (printed circuit board) you will use as an
introduction to designing combinational and sequential logic circuits. The training board has
a variety of basic gates and larger devices built on and pre‐wired to the connectors of the
board. To indicate pre‐wired devices, schematic symbols have been silk‐screened onto the
board and show which connectors serve as the inputs and outputs. These devices can be
wired together to create a custom circuit.
Figure 1 ‐ Digital Trainer Board (PCB)
2. Board Components
The board components indicated on the figure are described below.
A. DC adapter: The adapter is used to provide the power supply to the board. Each
gate of each chip needs to be supplied with power (logic ‘1’ voltage) and ground
(logic ‘0’ voltage) to be able to correctly operate.
B. Logic IC’s: These chips contain the actual gates/circuitry. The inputs and outputs
of the gates are then wired via the PCB (printed circuit board) to the connectors.
Figure 3 ‐ Toggle Switch Configuration
Switch open/off = Logic ‘1’, Switch closed/on = Logic ‘0’
E. Pushbuttons: These 4 pushbuttons can be connected to gate inputs. Like the
toggle switches their default position produces a ‘1’ and when pushed will
produce a ‘0’.
Figure 4 ‐ Pushbutton Configurations
Default value = Logic ‘1’, Pressed value = Logic ‘0’
F. LED’s (Light‐Emitting Diodes): These can be connected to outputs to view
whether an output is ‘1’ or ‘0’. A ‘1’ connected to the LED will cause it to glow.
Output ‘1’ = Output ‘0’ =
High Voltage Low Voltage
LED LED
Voltage Difference… No Voltage Difference…
Current Flows… No Current Flows…
LED turns on LED does NOT turn on
GND GND
(Vss) (Vss)
Figure 5 ‐ LED Output Configurations
Logic ‘1’ Output = LED ON, Logic ‘0’ Output = LED OFF
G. Row Connectors: Each pair (row of 2) wire connectors are internally wired
together. Thus, whatever voltage value is seen at one connector (“hole”) is
present at the other.
a.) Desired Circuit b.) Trainer Board Layout c.) Necessary implementation
connections
Figure 6 ‐ Wiring Connectors for the Digital Trainer Board
H. Prototype area (“breadboard”): This area provides space for addition of new IC’s
and allows generic wire connections to be made. Each half‐row of 6 wire
connections are internally connected/shorted together. This means if you wire
the output of a gate to ANY connector in the half‐row all five remaining
connection points will see the same output logic value and can be used to
connect to inputs of other gates. This is necessary when a desired circuit has an
output connected to more than two other gates.
a.) Desired b.) Necessary implementation using the prototyping area
Circuit
Figure 7 ‐ Use of Prototyping Area
3. An Illustration
We now present an implementation of the digital circuit shown in Figure 2. The wiring
required to implement this digital circuit on the logical trainer kit has been illustrated in
Figure 3. In order to map the components in Figure 2 to the wiring represented by the lines
in Figure 3, we have used the same labels that are present on the logic trainer kit. In other
words the AND gate labeled ‘A’ in Figure 2 maps to the AND gate ‘A’ in Figure 3. In order to
clarify the connection, let us trace out the connections for AND gate ‘A’ in Figure 2. One
input of AND gate ‘A’ is connected to a toggle switch while the other input is connected to
+Vdd (logic ‘1’). The o/p (output) of AND gate ‘A’ is connected to the i/p (input) of OR gate
‘C’. Similarly, connections of components AND gate ‘B’ and OR gate ‘C’ can be traced out by
comparing the connections show in Figure 2 and the actual wiring show in Figure 3.
Vdd
SW1 NOT D
The gray boxes indicate pre-
wired circuit connections
made for you. For example, AND B
GND
one side of SW1 is already (Vss)
connected to GND (= Vss =
logic ‘0’) the other end has a OR C
pullup resistor which defaults PB1
it to 0. When the switch is
closed (on) the ‘0’ “goes- Vdd LED7
through” to the input of the AND A
gate. When the switch is GND
open, the ‘1’ from the pullup (Vss)
resistor goes to the input of
the gate.
SW2
GND
(Vss)
Figure 2 – An Example Circuit
Figure 3 – Wiring Connections for the Example Circuit in Figure 2
4. Gate Wiring Rules
In order to prevent damaging the board and IC’s and for failure free operation be sure to
follow these rules (which are illustrated in Figure 4:
a) Never connect the outputs of two or more gates together. An output of a gate
should ONLY be connected to input(s) of another gate. Never try to drive a single
input with two outputs.
This gate may output ‘1’
Same as connecting multiple
outputs together
Output = ‘X’
b) Ensure that Vss and Vdd are never connected Vdd (5V)
directly or indirectly. This is a short circuit scenario Short Circuit
and might end up damaging the power supply and Current
circuits. GND (0V)
c) Never connect the output of a gate back to its input (i.e. avoid feedback). This may
cause logic errors and even damage the IC.
Feedback in a
combinational circuit
causes unstable/
unpredictable behavior
Figure 4 – Improper Board/Circuit Connections
5. Exercise 1
Use the board to wire up the following circuit which implements a function F(x,y,z). Use the
toggle switches to derive the truth table for the output. Remember the switch in the “off”
position actually represents logic ‘1’. Looking at the truth table, can you figure out what
function this circuit is performing?
Vdd
SW1
x
GND
(Vss)
Vdd
SW2
y
F
GND
LED
(Vss)
Vdd
SW3
z
GND
(Vss)
Last updated: 9/8/2009