Serbian Ceramic Society Conference

ADVANCED CERAMICS AND APPLICATION VI

New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Processing

Serbian Ceramic Society

Institute of Technical Science of SASA
Institute for Testing of Materials
Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Raw Mineral Materials

PROGRAM AND THE BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35

Serbia, Belgrade, 18-20. September 2017
Book title: Serbian Ceramic Society Conference - ADVANCED CERAMICS AND
APPLICATION VI Program and the Book of Abstracts

Publisher:
Serbian Ceramic Society

Editors:
Prof.dr Vojislav Mitić
Dr Lidija Mančić
Dr Nina Obradović

Technical Editors:
Dr Lidija Mančić
Dr Nina Obradović
Ivana Dinić

Printing:
Serbian Ceramic Society

Edition:
200 copies

CIP
Dear Colleagues,
We have great pleasure to welcome you to the Advanced Ceramic and Application Conference VI
organized by the Serbian Ceramic Society in cooperation with the Institute for Testing of Materials, Institute
of Technical Sciences of SASA, Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy and Institute for
Technology of Nuclear and Other Raw Mineral Materials.
Advanced Ceramics today include many old-known ceramic materials produced through newly
available processing techniques as well as broad range of the innovative compounds and composites,
particularly with plastics and metals. Such developed new materials with improved performances already
bring a new quality in the everyday life. The chosen Conference topics cover contributions from a
fundamental theoretical research in advanced ceramics, computer-aided design and modeling of a new
ceramics products, manufacturing of nanoceramic devices, developing of multifunctional ceramic processing
routes, etc. Traditionally, ACA Conferences gather leading researchers, engineers, specialist, professors and
PhD students trying to emphasizes the key achievements which will enable the wide speared use of the
advanced ceramics products in High-Tech industry, renewable energy utilization, environmental efficiency,
security, space technology, cultural heritage, prosthesis, etc.
Serbian Ceramic Society has been initiated in 1995/1996 and fully registered in 1997 as Yugoslav
Ceramic Society, being strongly supported by American Ceramic Society. Since 2009, it has continued as
Serbian Ceramic Society in accordance to the Serbian law procedure. Serbian Ceramic Society is almost the
only one Ceramic Society in the South-East Europe, with members from more than 20 Institutes and
Universities, active in 16 sessions, by program and the frames which are defined by the American Ceramic
Society activities.
For the first time Advanced Ceramic and Application Conference hosting delegations from
Republics of Ghana, Nigeria, Niger and Cameroon with the idea to connect, share and provide positive
influence to the scientific and industrial communities all around world.

Prof. Dr Vojislav Mitić Prof. Dr Olivera Milošević,

President of the Serbian Ceramic Society President of the General Assembly of the
World Academy Ceramics Member Serbian Ceramic Society
European Academy of Sciences&Arts Member Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia Member

Conference Topics

 Basic Science & Sintering of Ceramics  Magnetic, Catalytic & Composite Materials
 Nano, Bio- & Opto Ceramic  Renewable Energy, Heritage & Archeology
 Electro & Multifunctional Ceramics  Industrial Talks

Conference Co-chairmens: Conference Programme Chairs:

Prof. Dr. Vojislav Mitić SRB Dr. Lidija Mančić SRB
Prof. Dr. Olivera Milošević SRB Dr. Nina Obradović SRB
Prof. Dr. Marcel Van de Voorde EU
Prof. Dr. Rainer Gadow GER
Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Ljubica Pavlović SRB
Academician Zoran Đurić SRB Prof. Dr. Nebojša Mitrović SRB
Academician Ninoslav Stojadinović SRB Prof. Dr. Ljubiša Kocić SRB
Academician Zoran Popović SRB Dr. Aleksandra Milutinović–Nikolić SRB
Academician Pantelija Nikolić SRB Dr. Predrag Banković SRB
Academician Miroslav Gašić SRB Dr. Zorica Mojović SRB
Academician Laszlo Forro CHE Dr. Dušan Milivojević SRB
Academician Dragoljub Mirjanić BiH(RS) Dr. Miomir Korać SRB
Prof. Dr. Vojislav Mitić SRB Prof. Dr. Branislav Vlahović SRB
Prof. Dr. Marcel Van de Voorde EEZ Dr. Radomir Žikić SRB
Prof. Dr. David Johnson GBR Prof. Dr. Stevo Najman SRB
Prof. Dr. Slavcho Rakovsky BGR Dr. Biljana Djordjević SRB
Prof. Dr. Jurgen G. Heinrich DEU Dr Anja Terzić SRB
Prof. Dr. Masohiro Yoshimura JPN
Dr. Mrityunjay "Jay" Singh USA Organizing Committee
Prof. Dr. Rainer Gadow DEU Prof. Dr. Vojislav Mitić SRB
Dr. Richard Todd GBR Dr. Nina Obradović SRB
Dr. Moritz von Witzleben DEU Dr. Lidija Mančić SRB
Dr. Jon Binner, UK Prof. Dr. Vladimir Pavlović SRB
Dr Fiqiri Hodaj FRA Dr. Dušan Jovanović SRB
Prof. Dr. Hans Fecht DEU Dr. Zorica Lazarević SRB
Dr. Dušan Jovanović SRB Prof. Dr. Ljubica Pavlović SRB
Prof.Dr. Olivera Milošević SRB Dr. Vesna Paunović SRB
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Pavlović SRB Dr. Darko Kosanović SRB
Dr. Nina Obradović SRB Dr. Anja Terzić SRB
Dr. Lidija Mančić SRB Dr. Suzana Filipović SRB
Prof. Dr. Steven Tidrow USA Dr. Vladimir Blagojević SRB
Dr. Wilhelm Siemen DEU Prof. Zvonko Petković SRB
Dr. Jonjaua Ranogajec SRB Ivana Dinić SRB
Dr. Snežana Pašalić SRB Zoran Gajić SRB
Prof. Dr. Zoran Nikolić SRB Jelena Živojinović SRB
Dr. Zagorka Radojević SRB
Dr. Nebojša Romčević SRB
Dr. Zorica Lazarević SRB

Sponsors & Endorsements:

Analysis - Lab equipment, Belgrade (Serbia), Direktna Banka a.d. Kragujevac, Exchange office „Hulk“,
LMB Soft, Niš (Serbia), SCAN doo. Preddvor (Slovenia), Voda Vrnjci (Serbia), Regular Authority of
Electronic Media (Serbia), Turisticka organizacija Beograd, Štamparija "Format" and GRAND doo
(Serbia).

Acknowledgements:

The Conference Organizers are grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia
for financial support, as well as to the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, European Academy of
Sciences and Arts, American Ceramics Society, Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Archeological
Institute of SASA, Institute of Physics UB, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - Laboratory of Physics
(010), Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla and High School-Academy for Arts and Conservation,
Serbian Orthodox Church.
Conference Program
The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

Program and Abstract’s Contents

Conference Information ........................................................................... 3

Program Overview ................................................................................... 4
Detailed Program ..................................................................................... 5

Book of Abstracts
Plenary Lectures .................................................................................... 23
Keynote Lectures ................................................................................... 34
Invited Lectures ..................................................................................... 47
Oral Lectures.......................................................................................... 57
Posters .................................................................................................... 64

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Conference Information:
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Abstracts and papers publication: 7KH RIILFLDO ODQJXDJH RI WKH FRQIHUHQFH LV (QJOLVK
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NEW!!! Serbian Ceramic Society and Springer are delighted to announce that two
publication series will draw on the research and innovation of ACA Conferences: the annual
Selection of Papers – a compilation of selected research from the most recent conference (in
two forms: research papers (6-10 pages) and review papers (more than 16 pages), and new
Scientific Status Reports – a series of topical books of review chapters (20-30 pages each)
aimed at bringing the latest developments in the different fields of ceramic science to a
broader audience as a part of Springer’s Materials Science series. This new series will aim
to gather research and innovation of Advanced Ceramic and Application Conferences over
the past years and present it to a completely new audience. For more details about deadlines
for submitting the manuscripts please contact [email protected]

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Additional Conference information SUHVLGHQW#VHUELDQFHUDPLFVRFLHW\UV

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Recommended places near the Conference venue:

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Exchange office:Ä+XON³9XND.DUDGåLüD
Tourist Information Centre:.QH]0LKDLORYD

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Program Overview

Date Time Programme Floor, Room

08.00-09.00 Registration  )ORRU+DOO
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09.00-09.30 Opening Ceremony QG)ORRU*UHDW+DOO

09.30-09.40 Short Break QG)ORRU+DOO
September, 18, 09.40-11.40 Plenary Session 1 QG)ORRU*UHDW+DOO
Monday 11.40-12.00 Coffee Break & Photo Session QG)ORRU+DO
12.00-14.00 Plenary Session 2 QG)ORRU*UHDW+DOO
14.00-15.00 Buffet Lunch &OXE6$6$0H]]DQLQH
15.00-17.30 Plenary Session 3 QG)ORRU*UHDW+DOO
20.00 Conference dinner (with invitations) 5HVWDXUDQW3HNLQJ
Registration
08.00-09.00 VW)ORRU+DOO
Posters Installation
Session: Basic, Modelling Session: Nano,
09.00-10.45 & Sintering 1 Opto & Bio 1 VW)ORRU
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10.45-11.00 Coffee Break VW)ORRU+DOO
Session: Basic, Modelling Session: Nano,
11.00-12.55 & Sintering 2 Opto & Bio 2 VW)ORRU
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September, 19, 12.55-14.00 Buffet Lunch &OXE6$6$0H]]DQLQH
Tuesday Session: Magnetic,
Session: Electro &
Catalytic &
14.00-16.00 Multifunctional 1
Composite1
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16.00-16.20 Coffee Break VW)ORRU
Session: Magnetic,
16.20-18.05 Session: Electro &
16.20-17.50
Catalytic &
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18.05-19.00 Poster Session VW)ORRU+DOO
09.30-10.50 Session: Renewable Energy, Heritage &
Archeology 1
10.50-11.10 Coffee Break VW)ORRU%OXH+DOO
Session: Renewable Energy, Heritage &
11.10-13.15
Archeology 2
September, 20, 13.15-14.30 Buffet Lunch 5HVWDXUDQW3HNLQJ
Wednesday Session: Industrial Talks, Cooperation &
14.30-15.30 
Sponsors
15.30-16.45 Annual meeting of Serbian Ceramc Society 
Forming Chapter of ACerS for Serbia
16.45-17.30
(and extended region) VW)ORRU%OXH+DOO
17.30 Closing Ceremony



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Monday, September 18th, 2017

Hall, 2nd Floor

______________________________________________________
08.00 – 09.00 Registration
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Great Hall, 2nd Floor

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09.00 – 09.30 Opening Ceremony of the Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society
Conference: Advanced Ceramics and Application
Prof.dr Vojislav Mitić, Dr. Olivera Milošević, Prof. Vladimir
Pavlović, Dr Rainer Gadow, Predsednik SANU Akademik
Vladimir Kostić, Predstavnici MNTR, Visoki predstavnici Vlade
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09.30 - 09.40 Short break .

nd
Great Hall, 2 Floor
________________________________________________________________
09.40 – 11.40 Plenary Session 1
Chairpersons: Marcel van de Voorde, Olivera Milošević

09.40 – 10.10 PL1 Nano-glasses: The Key to a New Age of Technologies
– A Glass Age?
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10.10 – 10.40 PL2 Nano/ microstructure control of advanced materials
by smart powder processing
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10.40 - 11.10 PL3 Silicon in Polymers for Green Science and
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11.10 - 11.40 PL4 The Influences of Ordering and Nano-Structures on
the Properties Perovskites and Derivatives
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11.40 - 12.00 Coffee Break and Photo Session .

Great Hall, 2nd Floor
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12.00 - 14.00 Plenary Session 2
 Chairpersons: Reuben Jih-Ru Hwu, Herbert Gleiter

12.00 - 12.30 PL5Fabrication of PZT thin films: Combinatorial
Chemistry and FGM
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12.30 - 13.00 PL6 3D-inkjet printing of bioceramics and bioglass
scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration
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13.00 - 13.30 PL7 How new X-ray techniques can support the
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13.30 - 14.00 PL8Identifying the fundamental mechanisms that limit
of modern microwave ceramic dielectric performance
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14.00 - 15.00 Buffet Lunch Club SASA, Mezzanine



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Great Hall, 2nd Floor

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15.00 - 17.00 Plenary Session 3
Chairpersons: Makio Naito, Rainer Gadow

15.00 - 15.30 PL9 Optimized zirconia thermal barrier coatings (TBC)
for efficient systems
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15.30 - 16.00 PL10 Low Energy Syntheses of Ceramic Nano Powders
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16.00 - 16.30 PL11 Modelling, simulation and experimental validation
of ceramic forming by powder compaction
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16.30 - 17.00 PL12 Impact of Temperature Dependent Ion Properties,
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17.00 - 17.30 PL13 Novel Semiconductor and Epitaxial Nanocomposite
Materials for Energy Conversion and Optoelectronic
Applications
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20.00 Conference dinner (with invitation) Restaurant Peking



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Tuesday, September 19th, 2017

Hall, 1st Floor
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08.00 - 09.00 Registration
 Posters and Exibition Installation
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Red Hall, 1st Floor
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09.00 - 10.45 Session: Basic Ceramic Modelling and Sintering
Chairpersons: Vladimir Buljak, Nina Obradović

09.00 - 09.30 PL14 Advantages and Challenges of the Reaction SPS in
Manufacturing of Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites
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09.30 - 9.55 KN-BMS1 Theoretical study of skeletal structure
evolution during liquid phase sintering
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09.55 - 10.20 KN-BMS2 Coated Wireless Light Emitters for Efficient
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10.20 - 10.45 KN-BMS3 Negative and Zero Thermal Expansion
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Hall, 1st Floor

10.45 - 11.00 Coffee Break .



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Red Hall, 1st Floor
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11.00 - 12.55 Session: Basic Ceramic Modelling and Sintering 2
 Chairpersons: Boris Feigelson, Bojan Marinković

11.00 - 11.25 KN-BMS4 Complex constitutive models in powder
compaction: from curve fitting to material mechanical
characterization
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11.25 - 11.45 INV-BMS1 Characterization of Au-mercaptotriazole
crystals using the spectroscopy methods
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11.45 - 12.05 INV-BMS2 Iron oxide functionalized wollastonite based
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12.05 - 12.25 INV-BMS3 Dilatometer as a scientific tool
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12.25 - 12.40 OR-BMS1 Zinc oxide-based materials with enhanced
sunlight-driven photo- and photo-electro-catalytic activity
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12.40 - 12.55 OR-BMS2 Synthesis, characterization & bacterial activity
of ZnO and Histidine incorporated ZnO
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12.55 - 14.00 Buffet Lunch Club SASA, Mezzanine


st
Blue Hall 2, 1 Floor
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
09.00 - 10.45 Session: Nano, Opto, Bio Ceramic 1
Chairpersons: Christina Graf, Lidija Mančić

09.00 - 09.30 PL15Phase Transformations and Formation of
Hierarchical Structures in Composites under Loading
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09.30 - 09.55 KN-NOP1 Novel Nucleobase-Functionalized Carbon

Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications
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09.55 - 10.20 KN-NOP2 Nucleation theory and growth of surface
nanostructures
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10.20 - 10.45 KN-NOP3 In vivo models for examination of biomaterials
and scaffolds as mesenchymal stem cells carriers in bone
regeneration applications
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Hall, 1st Floor

10.45 - 11.00 Coffee Break .

Blue Hall 2, 1st Floor

________________________________________________________________
11.00 - 12.55 Session: Nano, Opto, Bio Ceramic 2
Chairpersons: Susan Shwu-Chen Tsay, Nathan Newman 

11.00 - 11.25 KN-NOP4 Colloidal Silica Particles – a Simple Material
with Fascinating Possibilities
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11.25 - 11.45 INV-NOP1 Development of dense and controlled porous
nano-structured biomaterials based on hydroxyapatite
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11.45 - 12.05 INV-NOP2 New aspects in processing of hydroxyapatite
ceramics
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12.05 - 12.25 INV-NOP3 Self-assembly on surfaces and nanotechnology
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12.25 - 12.40 OR-NOP1 Synthesis of ZnO:Ag core-shell nanoparticles
with enhanced photocatalytic properties by single - and
two-steps USP
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12.40 - 12.55 OR-NOP2 In-vitro visualization of primary tumor cells
using up-conversion nanophosphors
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12.55 - 14.00 Buffet Lunch Club SASA, Mezzanine

Red Hall, 1st Floor

________________________________________________________________
14.00 - 16.00 Session: Electro and Multifunctional Ceramic 1
Chairpearsons: Darryl Butt, Gang He 

14.00 - 14.25 KN-EM1 Processing and Applications of Nanocrystalline
Diamond Hybrids and Engineered Diamond Microparts
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14.25 - 14.50 KN-EM2 Thermodynamics of Vapor-Liquid-Solid
Growth
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14.50 – 15.15 KN-EM3 The use of ceramic coating by ESD technique to
improve the service life of copper spot welding caps
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15.15 - 15.40 KN-EM4 Some practical application of TiO2
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15.40 - 16.00 INV-EM1 Granular material transport and mixing -
DEM/CFD numerical аpproach
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Hall, 1st Floor

16.00 - 16.20 Coffee Break .

Red Hall, 1st Floor

________________________________________________________________
16.20 - 18.05 Session: Electro and Multifunctional 2
Chairpearsons: Dragana Jugović, Saleem F. Shaukat

16.20 - 16.40 INV-EM2 Assessing electrical properties of ceramic
samples
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16.40 - 17.00 INV-EM3 Electrocatalytic hydrogen production on a
nickel electrode modified with V2O5+Co co-deposit: The
synergetic electronic effect
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17.00 - 17.20 INV-EM4 Kinetic investigation of various thermally-
induced processes in ceramic materials
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17.20 - 17.35 OR-EM1Effect of annealing temperature on structural
and surface morphology of ceramic electrolyte for IT-
SOFC applications
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17.35 - 17.50 OR-EM2 Fractal nature Heywang model correction and
Brownian motions
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17.50-18.05 OR-EM3 Reusable thermal heat pillow based on clay and
phase change materials for human use
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Hall, 1st Floor
________________________________________________________
18.05-19.00 Poster Session



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Blue Hall, 1st Floor
________________________________________________________________
14.00 - 16.00 Session: Magnetic, Catalysts and Composites 1
Chairpersons: Margarita Gabrovska, Waltraud M. Kriven

14.00 - 14.25 KN-MCC1 Restrained Nanosintering as a Path to
Produce Designed Nanostructured Solids
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14.25 - 14.50 KN-MCC2 Development and Evaluation of glass-like and
glass-ceramic Protection Coatings for Metals, Steels and
Glasses
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14.50 – 15.15 KN-MCC3 Joining of ceramics by brazing alloys
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15.15 - 15.40 KN-MCC4 Mechanical treatment of MeIC- MeIIB-MeIIIO
powders and sintered ceramic composites properties
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15.40 - 16.00 INV-MCC1 Influence of mechanical activation on the
alternations in quality of raw materials for production of
construction ceramics: chemometric approach
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Hall, 1st Floor
16.00 - 16.20 Coffee Break .



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Blue Hall, 1st Floor
________________________________________________________
16.20 - 17.45 Session: Magnetic, Catalysts and Composites 2
Chairpersons: Fiqiri Hodaj, Martin Amlung

16.20 - 16.40 INV-MCC2 Wet-chemical approach for Ni deposition in
BCY15 ceramic matrix: Structure and anode cermet
activity in pSOFC
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16.40 - 17.00 INV-MCC3 Surface activity of ceramics/surfactants
interface
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17.00 – 17.20 INV-MCC4 Monolith catalysts based on Mn oxides with
additive (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, La, Ce) for deep oxidation of
hydrocarbons
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17.20 - 17.35 OR-MCC1 Bone Ash Reinforced Geopolymer using
Metakaolin from Metamax (MT), Mymensingh
Clay(MW) and Synthetic Mymensingh Clay (MW-SYN)
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17.35 - 17.50 OR-MCC2 Novel sintered clay ceramics with combined
utilization of steel mill scale waste and municipal sewage
sludge
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Hall, 1st Floor
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18.05 - 19.00 Poster Session





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Wednesday, September, 20th, 2017

Blue Hall, 1st Floor

________________________________________________________
09.30 - 10.50 Session: Renewable Energy, Heritage & Archeology 1
Chairpersons: Biljana Djordjević, Feroz Kahn

09.30 – 10.00 PL16 Innovative Manufacturing of Advanced Silicon
Nitride Ceramics and Components for Sustainable
Society
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10.00 - 10.25 KN-REHA1 Circumstance, experiment and superstition:
testing the notion of tradition in West Balkan pottery-
making
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10.25 - 10.50 KN-REHA2 Future lights in ceramics - a new award for
European ceramists: expectations, experiences, results
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Hall, 1st Floor

10.50 - 11.10 Coffee Break .

Blue Hall, 1st Floor
________________________________________________________
11.10 - 13.20 Session: Renewable Energy, Heritage & Archeology 2
Chairpersons: Smilja Marković, Hua-Tay Lin

11.10 - 11.35 KN-REHA3 A Review On The Selection of Anode

Materials For Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
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11.35 - 12.00 KN-REHA4 Structural and Magnetic properties of
magnetron sputtered Fe/Cu Nanoparticles thin films
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12.00 - 12.20 INV-REHA1 The Inportance of Ethnoarchaeology in

Ceramic Technology Research
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12.20 - 12.40 INV-REHA2 Fluorine doping of cathode materials for
rechargeable batteries
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12.40 - 13.00 INV-REHA3 Spectroscopy study of LiFePO4 catode
materials for Li-ion battery prepared in the thermo-
acoustic reactor
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13.00-13.15 OR-REHA1 Comparative analysis of mortars from the
archeological sites Gamzigrad (Romuliana) and Caričin
Grad for the purpose of making compatible repair
mortars
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Restaurant Peking
13.15 - 14.30 Buffet Lunch .

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14.30 - 15.30 Industrial Talks, Cooperation & Sponsors
Chairpersons: Rainer Gadow, Waltraud Kriven, Zorica Ž.
Lazarević, Vojislav Mitić
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15.30 - 16.45 Annual meeting of Serbian Ceramic Society
________________________________________________________________
16.45 -17.30 Forming Chapter of ACerS for Serbia
(and extended region)
H.T. Lin, Steven Tidrow, Vojislav Mitic
________________________________________________________________

17.30 Closing Ceremony



 


Book of Abstracts
 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

PL1
Nano-glasses: The Key to a New Age of Technologies – A Glass Age?
Herbert Gleiter

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT

D-76021 Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Nanjing 10094, CHINA

Today’s technologies are based primarily on utilizing crystalline materials such as

metals, semiconductors or crystalline ceramics. The way to a new world of technologies
based on non-crystalline materials may be opened by means of nano-glasses. Nano-glasses
consist of nanometer-sized glassy regions connected by (nanometer-wide) interfacial regions
with atomic and electronic structures that do not exist in melt-cooled glasses. Due to their
new atomic/electronic structures, the properties of nano-glass differ from the corresponding
properties of melt-cooled glasses. For example, FeSc nano-glasses were (at 300K) strong
ferro-magnets although the corresponding melt-cooled glasses were paramagnetic. Similarly,
the ductility, the biocompatibility, the catalytic properties of nano-glasses were improved by
up to several orders of magnitude.
Just like in the case of crystalline materials, the properties of which may be changed
by varying the sizes and/or chemical compositions of the crystallites, the properties of nano-
glasses may be changed by varying the sizes and/or chemical compositions of the glassy
clusters. This analogy opens the perspective that a new age of technologies - a ”glass age”-
may be initiated by utilizing the new properties of nano-glasses and modifying their
properties by varying the sizes and/or chemical compositions of the glassy clusters.

PL2
Nano/ microstructure control of advanced materials by smart powder
processing
Makio Naito, Takahiro Kozawa, Akira Kondo

JWRI, Osaka University, Japan

Recently, various novel powder processing techniques were rapidly developed for
advanced material production due to the growing of high-tech industry, especially in
consideration of green and sustainable manufacturing. Smart powder processing stands for
green and sustainable powder processing technique that creates advanced materials with
minimal energy consumption and environmental impacts. Particle bonding technology is a
typical smart powder processing technique to make advanced composites. The technology has
many unique features. Firstly, it creates direct bonding between particles without any heat
support or binders of any kind in the dry phase. The bonding is achieved through the
enhanced particle surface activation induced by mechanical energy, in addition to the intrinsic
high surface reactivity of nanoparticles. Using this feature, desired composite particles can be
successfully fabricated.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

By making use of particle bonding, a new one-pot processing method to synthesize

nanoparticles without applying extra heat was developed. Furthermore, one-pot processing
achieving both the synthesis of nanoparticles and their bonding with another kind of particles
to make nanocomposite granules was also developed. The assembling of these composite
particles and granules will lead to the control of nano/microstructure of advanced materials.
As a result, it can custom various kinds of nano/micro structures and can produce new
materials such as all-solid-type LIB and SOFC with a simpler manufacturing process.
On the other hand, by carefully controlling the bonding between different kinds of
materials, separation of composite structure into elemental components is also possible,
which leads to the development of novel technology for recycling composite materials and
turns all of them to high-functional applications. As an example, the development of novel
recycling method of glass-fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) will be introduced.

PL3
Silicon in Polymers for Green Science and Environment
Reuben Jih-Ru Hwu, Hung Chuang, Uttam Patil, and Susan Shwu-Chen Tsay

Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University,

Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Electronic effects resulting from silicon can direct organic reactions of various types.
Because of a silyl group present at the beta position of the reactants, some reactions originally
do not proceed and now turn to be feasible. Some reactions originally lead to a mixture of
products and now produce an exclusive product. Some reactions originally afford the desired
product in a low yield and now generate it efficiently.
In the development of silicon-containing photo-degradable polyketones, an
unprecedented silicon-directed Norrish type I cleavage was developed. Placement of an
Me3Si group at the beta position in cycloalkanones provided a regioselective control in
cleavage of the C1-C2 bond in Me3Si-C-C2-C1(=O)-Cw moiety. The quantum yields and the
photolysis rates were also increased in comparison with non-silylated cycloalkanones. For
efficient synthesis of poly(1,3-diketone)s, a new reaction was developed in the conversion of
2-nitro compounds to the corresponding ketones by a "single-flask" method. It meets the
requirement of Green Science.
This novel strategy was applied to the development of photo-degradable silicon-
containing polyethylene glycols. An advanced example for the degradation of silicon-
containing polyureas will also be illustrated. These outcomes may expedite and advance the
ceramic development and applications.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

PL4
The Influences of Ordering and Nano-Structures on the Properties
Perovskites and Derivatives
Darryl P. Butt1, Patrick Price2
1
College of Mines and Earth Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 84102, 1-
801-581-7009, [email protected]
2
Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID

Using a combination of x-ray and neutron diffraction, dilatometry, electron

microscopy, magnetometry, and various thermal analysis methods, the stability, phase
relations, micro- and nano-scale structures of LaxA1-xFeO3-y were assessed, with emphasis on
understanding the effects of divalent cation substitutions and temperature on nano-scale
structure and properties. Reitfeld refinement and neutron diffraction were used to assess
atomic positions of atoms and vacancies in order to characterize the mechanisms of the phase
transformations. A pseudo-binary phased diagram is derived that helps to explain cation
solubility limits, new phase formation and phase separation, and order-disorder
transformations. We describe the ranges of composition and temperature where there are
opportunities for using these materials for ion transport and catalyst applications.

PL5
Fabrication of PZT thin films: Combinatorial Chemistry and FGM
Gang HE

Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry

China University of Geosciences
Lumo Rd. 388, Hongshan District
Wuhan City, Hubei Prov., China

Lead Zirconate Titanate is an intermetallic inorganic compound with the chemical

formula Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 (0≤x≤1), also called PZT. It is a perovskite material that shows a
marked piezoelectric effect, and used in a number of practical applications such as ultrasonic
transducers and piezoelectric resonators. Recently, demand for dielectric capacitors with
higher energy-storage capability is increasing for power electronic devices due to the rapid
development of electronic industry.
Changing the order of phase dispersion in ceramic materials could change the
dielectric behavior of traditional ceramics from no-dielectric-relaxation into characteristics of
dielectric relaxation. On the base of this idea, a series of Pb1-xLax(Zr0.65Ti0.35)1-x/4O3 thin films
with different compositional gradient structures are designed and prepared by the method of
Combinatorial Chemistry and Functionally Graded Materials (FGM). It is suggested that a
variety of functional ceramic thin films with abundant distinct property could be designed and
fabricated by the idea of combinatorial chemistry and functionally graded materials.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

PL6
3D-inkjet printing of bioceramics and bioglass scaffolds for bone repair
and regeneration
Rainer Gadow, Steffen Esslinger, Matthias Blum, Peter Krieg

Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites University

of Stuttgart, Allmandring 7b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

Bone degradation and fractures represent a significant concern to human health and to
the increased population life expectancy. When such defects overcome a certain critical size,
body induced autorepair cannot restore lost skeleton functionality. Medical treatment involves
bone grafting, a common surgical procedure with more than 2.0 million grafting procedures
performed worldwide each year. Autologous bone grafts are currently the golden standard
treatment but are associated with donor-site complications, risk of infection and size
limitations. Artificial bioscaffolds with tailored porosity, architecture and composition present
an alternative to autologous grafts and are excellent 3D templates to provide structural
support for the newly formed bone.
Progress in material science and the better understanding of bone-healing biology
resulted in the development of numerous alternative bone graft substitutes, such as calcium
phosphates and bioglass products. Furthermore, constant developments of the additive
manufacturing techniques in medicine enabled custom-made scaffolds of complex
geometries. The combination of bioceramic materials and the powder inkjet printing process
enables the fabrication of osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffolds, mimicking natural
bone strength, readily available, patient-specific, cost effective and available in the required
amount.
In this work, fabrication of scaffolds was carried out by the inkjet powder process
with a commercial 3D inkjet printer. This low temperature printing technique holds great
promise in manufacturing bone scaffold substitutes with enhanced properties over traditional
techniques and great flexibility in employed materials. The aim of this study is to investigate
the processing and the possible biomedical use of 3D powder-printed tricalcium
phosphate/bioglass composite scaffolds for the reconstruction of bone defects. The fabricated
scaffolds were computer-aided designed (CAD) with different geometries and pore
interconnectivity. Powder feedstock requirements were optimized through the spray-drying
granulation process. Control over the co-current spray-drying parameters yielded bioceramic
feedstock with optimal granulometry and morphological characteristics. Characterization
techniques utilised in this study included flowability tests, differential thermal analysis
(DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive strength testing and X-Ray
diffraction (XRD) phase composition analysis.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

PL7
How new X-ray techniques can support the development of Ceramics
Alex Dommann, Antonia Neels

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Center for X-ray
Analytics, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland

New X-Ray analytical developments to characterize ceramic materials will be

presented and illustrated on a variety of examples. The Empa laboratory for X-ray analytics is
dedicated to utilize and continuously improve X-ray based analysis methods to support
material research. The development of new ceramics and the materials property enhancement
is strongly connected to the possibilities for a comprehensive analysis of their properties.
Analytical methods do not only provide knowledge about the materials, but also
support understanding of the production process of these materials. The presentation
concentrates on novel techniques that have demonstrated great potential for supporting
applications for hard coatings, semiconductors or medtech. Also how X-ray analytical
methods can support the detection of failure modes will be discussed through detecting subtle
changes in the microstructure of ceramic materials and their impact on aging processes.

PL8
Identifying the fundamental mechanisms that limit of modern microwave
ceramic dielectric performance
N. Newman

Materials Program, Arizona State University, USA

Future satellite communication and cellular systems requires low-loss temperature-

compensated microwave ceramics with enhanced dielectric constants. Despite the practical
importance of achieving a small loss tangent and near-zero temperature coefficient of
resonant frequency (F) in these materials, a fundamental understanding of which physical
mechanisms are responsible for determine these important parameters has not been firmly
established. I will describe my group’s efforts using modern experimental and theoretical
condensed matter methods to identify the responsible mechanisms in practical materials. We
show that the dominant loss mechanism in commercial microwave materials comes from spin
excitations of unpaired transition-metal d electrons in exchange coupled clusters at reduced
temperature. At room temperature, we correlate the dominant loss mechanism with polaron
transport. We also show that the properties of commercial cell-phone base station filters, are
optimized by adding dopants or alloying agents, such as Ni or Co, to Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 and
Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 to adjust F to zero. This occurs as a result of the temperature dependence of
r offsetting the thermal expansion.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

PL9
Optimized zirconia thermal barrier coatings (TBC) for efficient systems
S. F. Shaukat1, R. Farooq2
1
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Lahore, Pakistan

A variety of systems in energy, defense, gas-turbine engines and innovative ceramic

materials sectors rely on thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Zirconia yttria (ZrO2.Y2O3) coating
deposited by plasma spray method is widely in practice in many industries and especially in
the above mentioned industries for the improved efficiencies and power. An extensive
research has been carried out to investigate the effect of stabilizer on the performance of ZrO2
thermal barrier coatings, using a number of techniques. The morphology, mechanical
properties, internal strain evolution and other characteristics have been determined, using the
latest techniques. The optimization of the process, including a suitable heat treatment to
densify the yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) top-coat and the development of a resulting crack
network has been explored. It has been observed that the porosity content is uniformly
distributed and pore size is of micro level. It has been revealed that, in case of small porosity
content, hardness values of thermal barrier coating with stabilizing effect of yttria are not very
high and moreover the phase change in coating affects the hardness values of the overall
coating. The microscopic images confirmed the plastic deformation in the base metal in the
region close to the coating. There is also validation of change in grain size of base metal in
the coating region. The change in grain size is the result of sample being over heated during
the coating process.

PL10
“Low Energy Syntheses of Ceramic Nano Powders”
Daniel Ribero, Cengiz Bagci, Qun Yang, Waltraud M. Kriven

Department of Materials Science and Engineering,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Solid state reaction is the traditional and the most used method to produce ceramic
powders at industrial scales. The main disadvantages of this method are that it relies on slow
solid state diffusion requiring high temperatures and long times, followed by multiple
grinding steps. Doping with minor elements and complex chemistries are particularly difficult
processes using conventional high energy methods. The alternative sol gel approach has
disadvantages of costly precursors such as alkoxides or metal organic chemicals.
The organic-inorganic steric entrapment method developed in our laboratory and
patented in the USA offers a simpler and less costly alternative route to ceramic powder
syntheses, particularly for oxide powders. Soluble precursors such as nitrates are mixed in a
solution so that the cations are homogeneously dispersed with high chemical accuracy and
prevented from selective precipitation by the addition or organic steric entraping agents, such
as polyvinyl alcohol for aqueous solvents, or ethylene glygol or polyethylene glycol / alcohol

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

mixtures for non-aqueous solutions. Multi component oxides of complex chemistries can be
readily fabricated as amorphous or nano-crystalline, softly agglomerated powders of high
specific surface areas. Examples of oxides made by this method include LiFePO4 which can
be formed within minutes at 300 °C. Several other lithium ion battery materials have been
made at low energies through a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the effects of
relevant processing parameters. This method can be scaleable in a continuous process.
Non-oxide nanopowders of SiC, Si3N4 and SiAlONs have been prepared at 1,000°C
below conventional synthesis methods such as the Acheson process. The method is based on
carbothermal reduction or carbothermal reduction and nitridization of aluminosilicates
obtained from clays via a geopolymerization processing route. The self-assembled
nanoparticulates constituting geopolymer formed at ambient temperatures lead to the
advantage of rapid solid-state reaction with fine carbon particles and a reducing flowing gas.
Detailed TEM, EDS and SEM coupled with XRD confirm the nanoparticle nature of the
resulting powders.

PL11
Modelling, simulation and experimental validation of ceramic forming by
powder compaction
Andrea Piccolroaz
Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via
Mesiano 77, Italy

A novel approach to the modelling and simulation of the industrial compaction

process of ceramic powders is proposed, based on a combination of: (i) continuum mechanics
modelling of the constitutive response of the material; (ii) experimental testing combined
with micromechanical modelling for material parameter identification and calibration; (iii)
finite element discretization and computer implementation of the mechanical model. The
capabilities of the proposed approach are highlighted through computer simulations of
realistic industrial compaction processes. The presented methods and the pointed out results
pave the way for the introduction of so-called virtual prototyping into the industrial practice
of ceramic forming processes In this way, industrial processes can be numerically simulated
to detect the distribution of residual stress, density, and elastic properties within the green
body, with the purpose of improving design through minimization of defects and
regularization of the density distribution

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

PL12
Impact of Temperature Dependent Ion Properties, Radii and Polarizability
Steven Clay Tidrow

New State College of Ceramics, Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University,
Alfred, NY 14802

Society faces a series of critical challenges, with regard to energy, water, environment,
limited resources, etc., for sustaining or improving current standards of living and the quality
of life of earth’s rapidly growing population. Such challenges can be overcome through
timely discovery, development and deployment of affordable materials which enable
specialized devices.
Our material science and engineering communities’ ability to more rapidly discover
and develop new materials is hampered by our limited ability to a priori predict material
lattice parameter and structure. At all length scales, material properties depend upon the
atoms and their geometric, Euclidian, fractal, and/or other, arrangement in constituting
materials. Through knowledge of the geometric arrangement of atoms, a wide range of
material properties can readily and rapidly be determined using presently available theory and
algorithms. Using temperature dependent genome-like ion properties, radii and polarizability,
developed within the new “simple” material model (NSMM), we illustrate the wide range of
“simple” and “simply mixed” perovskite properties that can be modeled and a priori
predicted as well as illustrate the superiority of NSMM over Goldschmidt’s tolerance factor
formalism. Discussions also include the constructs used in development of unconventional
properties recently observed from dipole-like substituted “simple” and “simply mixed”
perovskites that significantly outperform conventional “simple” and “simply mixed”
perovskites as energy storage materials.

PL13
Novel Semiconductor and Epitaxial Nanocomposite Materials for Energy
Conversion and Optoelectronic Applications
Joshua M. O. Zide

Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA

Advances in electronic materials (specifically, semiconductors and nanocomposites)

enable new device technologies and improve the properties of existing technologies. In this
talk, I will present efforts within my group on the growth of new materials by molecular beam
epitaxy and the resulting advances in solar cells, thermoelectrics, and optoelectronics.
Specifically, I will discuss two material systems: (1) nanocomposites consisting of
metallic nanoparticles (such as ErAs and TbAs) within III-V semiconductors (such as InGaAs
and GaAs), and (2) dilute bismuthide semiconductors in which bismuth is incorporated into
III-V materials to reduce the bandgap significantly, with unique band alignments that cannot
be easily achieved in other materials. In these new materials, electronic, thermal, and optical
properties can be quite different from those of conventional materials, with significant
promise for applications in a variety of (opto)electronic devices.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

PL14
Advantages and Challenges of the Reaction SPS in Manufacturing of
Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites
Andrey V. Ragulya

Frantsevich Institute for Problems in Materials Science NAS of Ukraine

3, Krzhizhanovski St., 03142 Kiev. Ukraine

The results of recent research of the Field Assisted Sintering of ceramic matrix
nanocomposites based on nitrides and borides are summarized in this overview. Conventional
ceramic paradigm itself represents a combination of particulate technologies methods, which
include powder synthesis stage, powder consolidation, sintering, and treatment. This
approach is quite universal, but it faces a number of challenges, mostly because of difficulties
to achieve uniform component distribution through the bodies of multiphase materials. The
nanocomposites represent the most promising class of bulk nanomaterials. Engineering of
nanocomposites can exploit the R. Cannon hypothesis of the phase and space restrictions of
grain growth during sintering or high temperature creep aimed at marriage of the best
combination of structural and functional properties. The manufacturing of ceramic
nanocomposites, however, is still a challenge for practice.
The recently developed nanocomposites in the TiN/TiB2, ZrN/ZrB2, TiN/ZrN-
ZrB2/TiB2 systems were obtained by FAST technique including flash-SPS. The competitive
mechanical properties of the obtained ceramics will be illustrated.

PL15
Phase Transformations and Formation of Hierarchical Structures in
Composites under Loading
S. N. Kulkov1, S. P. Buyakova2
1
Tomsk State University, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS
2
Tomsk Polytechnic University

Deformation and fracture of metal matrix composites under various loading schemes
are studied. The investigations conducted have shown that in conditions far from
transformation the hinder material is deformed by dislocation glide as an ordinary BCC
crystal. In this case, the yield stress of the binder is inversely proportional to the carbide
spacing; in alloys with high solid phase content it is not achieved up to fracture. Cracks are
generated along weakest regions, namely, carbide - carbide and carbide -binder interfaces.
Material fracture is catastrophically brittle.
The study of alloy deformation close to the structural transition temperature has
shown that there are transformations in the binding phase. They are different in character,
which is governed by a highly non-uniform stress state of me hinder. During loading even in
the region of elastic behavior of the composite the microstructure changes from a dispersed
domain to banded structure. The latter is typical of intermediate shear structures. In electron-
diffraction patterns diffusion spots and then extra reflections appear both in commensurable
and incommensurable locations with different commensurability parameters and in different

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

directions of the reciprocal lattice. This character of transformation is induced by a very

complex stress state formed around solid particles during composite loading under high stress
gradients arising in the binder.
At strains above the elastic limit of the composite the dispersed structure consisting of
misoriented fragments of the binder phase and martensite domains is formed in binder region
under most stressed conditions. Electron-diffraction patterns of these regions have typical
rings.
At high deformalion of the composite one can see zones with almost uniform intensity in
some binder regions (primarily near hard particles boundaries and in thin inter-particle layers.
These regions give continuous diffusion rings in electron-diffraction patterns that sometimes
contain arcs in main azimuthal directions. Such a diffraction character corresponds to a quasi-
amorphous matter.
So, during deformation of composites near the phase transformation temperature in
one component the ''quasi-amorphous state" is realized in the this phase with the formation of
a hierarchical microcrystalline, highly misoriented structure with characteristic size of
crystallites less than 10 nm. This structure has high plasticity and strong hardening from the
beginning of loading. It governs an efficient transfer of external load to hard particles,
inducing dislocation glide even in, for example, typically brittle titanium carbide particles.
The physical meaning of such behavior of binders with unstable structure in
composites is decreasing of scale level of plastic deformation due to the formation of the
microcrystalline structure of the binding phase during non-uniform loading.

PL16
Innovative Manufacturing of Advanced Silicon Nitride Ceramics and
Components for Sustainable Society
Hua-Tay Lin

School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou

510006, China

Guangdong province of China initiated an “Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research

Team” program in 2010 aiming to facilitate the growth and development of various
strategically industrial sectors in Guangdong province via the introduction of talented experts
from oversea. The research funding provided ranges from 10 to 80 millions per team project.
This lecture will provide an overview of an innovation team project entitled “Advanced
Manufacturing of High Performance Ceramic Components” funded by Guangdong provincial
government. The objective of this team project is to develop and commercialize various
advanced silicon nitride ceramic components, such as power electronic ceramic substrate,
cutting tool, and 3D printing spray nozzle, to ultimately achieve sustainable manufacturing
and energy saving for targeted strategically important industries in Guangdong province and
also China. The approach and goal of each task will be presented and discussed in the
presentation.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

Research supported by Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team

Program (NO. 2013G061).

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

KN-BMS1
Theoretical study of skeletal structure evolution during liquid phase
sintering
Zoran S. Nikolić

University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Univerzitetski trg 2, Serbia

In this paper densification (or compact densification) and structural development

during liquid phase sintering (LPS) will be numerically investigated. Solid skeleton structure
will be introduced by definition of skeleton units determined by equilibrium dihedral angle
and formation of large solid skeletons arranged in long chain of connected solid-phase
domains (skeleton networks). In this approach it will be assumed that the skeletal structure
develops early in the process and hence it is important to define a model based on inter-grain
behavior. Central to such study will be unit problems for interaction of grains within solid
skeleton. The compact will be modeled as a three-dimensional random assembly of solid-
grains interacting mechanically through their contacts (inter-grain level), whereas skeletal
structure evolution (SSE) could then be related directly to the neck size of contacting solid-
grains. SSE will be based on free-settling procedure in which solid-grain domains fall under
gravity over already settled domains and, if there are no contacts between domains, settled
domains continue their motion till they reach a position of their local equilibrium. SSE will be
simulated by an algorithm based on neck growth law and grain-level methodology. It will be
assumed that Stokes’s law settling usually dominates microstructure formation. Thus, the
settling procedure (displacement of the center of mass of settled domains) will be simulated
by computation of settling time interval and average migration distance.
Theoretical study of densification during LPS must also consider SSE influenced by
some essential topological constraints, because they can cause grain rearrangement and the
development of the pore distribution during LPS. Taking into account the mobility of pores in
an LPS structure and the solid phase morphology, densification can take place by buoyancy
driven pore migration.
In that sense, we will define modified numerical model based on domain methodology
and sub-models for constrained SSE. Skeletal structures will be computed by geometrical
limitation for two grains in contact with an observable dihedral angle. Once formed, grain
contacts grow to satisfy the dihedral angle, and beyond that point neck growth is paced by the
grain growth rate. It must be note that rigorous topological characterization of skeletal
structure requires reducing the solid-phase space into a node network, which emphasizes
connectivity. Some types of topological constraints that depend of skeleton structure present a
central problem in developing the time dependent SSE.
Simulation of SSE for W-Ni alloy will be used as a model experiment. Different
morphological changes taking place during extended sintering of LPS materials can produce
microstructures which may have potential for theoretical investigation. Analysis of grain
coarsening due to the neck growth poses other particular computational difficulties and will
be considered in a separate paper.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

KN-BMS2
Coated Wireless Light Emitters for Efficient Up Scaling of Photocatalytic
Processes
Bastien O. Burek1,2, Detlef W. Bahnemann2,3, Jonathan Z. Bloh1,
1
DECHEMA Forschungsinstitut, Germany, 2Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany, 3Saint-
Petersburg State University, Russia

The importance of heterogeneous photocatalysis in fundamental and applied science

expanded rapidly over the last decades. However, current photocatalytic processes have many
engineering limitations such as illumination efficiency and reactor design, hence industrial
implementation is still limited to select few cases and only on a small scale. Large scale
photocatalysis especially in the case of high catalyst loadings is limited mainly by the
penetration depth of light into the reactor, which typically does not exceed a few millimeters.
Internal illumination is a promising technique that achieves good illumination
efficiency and enables a more flexible choice of reactor types. Different types of internal
illumination such as immersion lamps or optical fibers have successfully been applied.
Compared to those methods, wireless coupling of internal light sources, further called
Wireless Light Emitters (WLEs), has great advantages for up-scaling photocatalytic
processes.
We will present completely integrated photocatalyst-coated wirelessly-powered
photocatalyst spheres as a novel means to perform heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions.
We will explain the working principle of the coated WLEs and show results of the
characterization of the coatings. Further, we will present three different model reactions with
the coated WLEs: the generation of hydrogen peroxide, the reduction of nitrobenzene and the
degradation of methylene blue to demonstrate the wide scope of applications.
Finally, we will discuss the future perspective of this technique and the importance of
the system for up scaling photocataytic processes.

KN-BMS3
Negative and Zero Thermal Expansion Ceramics (Thermomiotics)
Bojan A. Marinkovic, Patrícia Ponton, Luciana Prates Prisco

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil

It is common knowledge that most solids change their dimensions when the
temperature changes. Usually, the dimensions increase with increasing temperature, and this
is referred to as positive thermal expansion (PTE). This thermally induced change in
dimension of a material, in a confined environment, can lead to significant mechanical stress.
If the stress exceeds the strength of the material, the material will shatter owing to the
propagation of microcracks, quite possibly with disastrous consequences. On the other hand,
very few materials shrink with increasing temperature, giving rise to negative thermal
expansion (NTE), while in some even more rare cases dimension does not change at all,

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

causing an uncommon phenomenon denominated zero thermal expansion (ZTE). The basic
mechanism causing thermal contraction in thermomiotics (from the Greek, ‘thermo’ for ‘heat’
and ‘mio’ for ‘contract’) and related phases is the large amplitude, low-energy, transverse
vibration of atoms in the middle of A-X-M linkages (A and M are cations, while X is
commonly an oxygen anion) resulting in decrease of A-X-M angles and A-M non-bonding
distances. This shrinkage mechanism competes with the thermal expansion arising from the
asymmetry of the potential well.
The discovery of ZrW2O8, the first ceramic phase exhibiting large negative thermal
expansion (i.e., thermomiotic behavior) over a wide temperature range, followed by
recognition of similarly unusual thermal expansion (negative, zero or low-positive) in a few
structurally related ceramic families awakened interest in these materials due to their exotic
nature and potential applications. Regarding the eventual applications of these novel phases
with unusual thermal expansion, most current efforts focus on their role as thermal expansion
tuning fillers, counteracting the large positive thermal expansion of a matrix such as a
polymer, metal, or conventional ceramic.
The near-zero thermal expansion phases from thermomiotic ceramic families are also
natural candidates for thermal shock resistance applications, considering the Hasselman
thermal shock resistance figures of merit for mild (R’) and severe (R) heating conditions.
This lecture has purpose to present the general principles and mechanisms for negative
and zero thermal expansion and to discuss the current trends in use of these materials,
especially for thermal shock resistance applications.

KN-BMS4
Complex constitutive models in powder compaction: from curve fitting to
material mechanical characterization
Vladimir Buljak

University of Belgrade, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Department of Strength of

Materials

Powder compaction is a process in which granular material becomes gradually

cohesive through mechanical densification. To simulate this process usually soil constitutive
models are employed. However during compaction phase material passes through wide range
of pressure and changes significantly elastic properties. Such circumstance limits the use of
constitutive models with linear elasticity followed by appropriate hardening law, and a more
general framework is required, in which elastic properties are dependent on plastic
deformation. The use of complex constitutive models which tend to capture most of the
physical processes that are taking place during the compaction, results in governing equations
with an elevated number of parameters. Such circumstance makes the calibration process
rather demanding, as some of the parameters require high pressure experiments. Within the
usual praxis, quantification of diverse parameters is performed through various destructive
tests, performed on a green body (a solid body resulting from a compaction test), with
tendency to directly relate experimentally measured quantities to the parameter of interest.
This procedure however, has limited applicability for the present case, since some of the
parameters have vague physical interpretation, or are difficult to measure.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

An alternative strategy for mechanical characterization is based on the use of inverse

analysis methodology, which is centered on minimization of discrepancy function between
experimentally measured quantities and their computed counter-part. With this strategy the
identification of parameters can be performed using only data collected from a compaction
tests. The large complexity of the considered constitutive models makes the inverse problem
typically ill-possed, so various regularization techniques have to be applied, while the
experimentally measured quantities have to be extended to ascertain good sensitivity to
sought parameters. Within this lecture, some innovative methodological procedures are
presented apt for the calibration of constitutive models used for powder compaction. A
reference is made to modified Drucker-Prager “cap” plasticity model with field dependence,
and to a more sophisticated Bigoni-Piccolroaz model specifically developed for powder
compaction. Results presented corroborate the conclusion that, for the calibration purposes of
complex constitutive models, governed by large number of parameters, a systematic approach
needs to be adopted in order to avoid particular solutions related to a single experiment,
resulting in non-representative material parameter sets, which manage to fit one experiment
only.

KN-NOP1
Novel Nucleobase-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical
Applications
Susan Shwu-Chen Tsay, Uttam Patil, Mohit Kapoor, and Reuben Jih Ru Hwu

Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Single-stranded DNA (25-aptamer of mixed dA, dT, dG, and dC) with a deliberate
sequence was used to entwine with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (f-
SWCNTs) for the first time. Their external surface of pristine SWCNTs was functionalized
covalently with multiple triazole–(ethylene glycol) ligands attached to dA, dT, dG, or dC.
This method of hybridization involves the formation of hydrogen bonds between nucleobases
of ssDNA and dA, dT, dG or dC of f-SWCNTs. It deviates from the reported π–π stacking
between the nucleobases of DNA and the external sidewalls of nanotubes. The structural
properties of the f-SWCNTs and its ssDNA complex have been characterized by
spectroscopic (including CD and Raman), thermogravimetric (TGA), and microscopic (TEM)
methods. Additionally, the hybridization processes were found to depend upon the solvents
employed, temperature applied, pH adjustment, and sonication conditions.
Our results show that these new biochemically-imitated carbon nanotubes exert
similar biochemical properties as a complementary ssDNA in dsDNA. As a result, they can
be applied to deliver a variety of DNA aptamers and possess a great potential as gene carriers.
Moreover, this new nanomaterials also holds promise for biotechnological, anti-viral
therapeutic and other biomedical applications.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

KN-NOP2
Nucleation theory and growth of surface nanostructures
Vladimir G. Dubrovskii1-3
1
St. Petersburg Academic University, Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
2
Ioffe Physical Technical Institute RAS, Politekhnicheskaya 26, 194021, St. Petersburg,
Russia
3
ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia

In this talk, I will explain how nucleation theory can be used for predictive growth
modeling of surface nanostructures, with a particular emphasis put on vapor-liquid-solid
nanowires synthesized by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method. In many cases, understanding
and controlling specific size-dependent features of the nucleation process at the nanoscale
yields otherwise unattainable physical properties of individual nanostructures as well as
statistics within their ensembles. Recent examples include tuning the crystal structure of III-V
nanowires, self-ordering effects on the size distributions induced by the so-called nucleation
antibunching in anno-sized catalysts, and unusual morphologies of surface nanostructures.
These features originate from a special type of timescale hierarchy for kinetic growth
processes in nanosystems, which is interesting from fundamental viewpoint and should be
applicable for a wide range of new functional nanomaterials.

KN-NOP3
In vivo models for examination of biomaterials and scaffolds as
mesenchymal stem cells carriers in bone regeneration applications

Stevo Najman1, Jelena Najdanović1, Sanja Stojanović1, Vladimir Cvetković2, Jelena

Živković1, Marija Vukelić-Nikolić1, Ivica Vučković3, Zoran Golubović4
1
Department of Biology and Human Genetics and Department for Cell and Tissue
Engineering,Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
2
Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of
Niš, Serbia
3
Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia;
4
Clinical Center Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia

Various biomaterials of natural and artificial origin can be used as a scaffolds and
carriers for mesenchymal stem cells in purpose of bone regeneration and defect reparation.
Bone regeneration materials should be the microenvironment and support for the cells so they
can migrate, adhere, proliferate and differentiate allowing new bone tissue formation or
mimics the biological structure and function. In our research we have been used adipose
derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) that we induced in vitro toward osteogenic cells
or endothelial cells, or applied as freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue.
We applied ADMSC together with biomaterials as bone tissue engineered constructs in order
to investigate the osteogenic process. Various in vivo experimental models can provide useful
data on bone regeneration and repair mechanisms. In our studies we used orthopic bone
forming models in rats and rabbits, as well as ectopic implantation models in mice and rats.
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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

Assessment of implants and surrounding tissue was performed using numerous methods such
as histological staining, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, radiographic methods,
specific gene expression analysis, and others. Appropriate combination of models, methods
and approaches in experimental research of bone regeneration is very important for obtaining
the useful guidelines for clinical applications.

KN-NOP4
Colloidal Silica Particles – a Simple Material with Fascinating Possibilities
Christina Graf

Fachbereich Chemie- und Biotechnologie, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Silica particles in the nano- to micrometer range can be easily prepared by wet
colloidal approaches such as the Stöber process. The size and monodispersity of these
systems can be well controlled. Due to the various possibilities to tune their properties, their
chemical inertness, and their biocompatibility these materials are widely used as model
systems and in different applications from photonics to biomedicine. In his presentation, first
ways and limitations to adjust the size and polydispersity and to tune the surface properties,
especially the roughness of these materials are discussed. Subsequently, results on the uptake
of silica particles in cells and tissue, especially in human skin, biological effects and possible
risks and perspectives arising from these findings will be presented.
Many of the fascinating opportunities of silica particles are based on the formation of
core-shell structures. General approaches to obtain silica coated particles as well as silica
colloids with defined shells consisting of various metals are shown and compared with
literature approaches. Some of the properties and possible uses of the resulting systems are
discussed. For the usage of silica and silica-coated particles for example in antireflecting
coatings, sensors or superhydrophobic surfaces, or sensors, it is often important to arrange
such particles on smooth or structured surfaces. New approaches to achieve extended non-
closed packed arrays of such materials on smooth as well as on concave-structured surfaces
are shown.

KN-EM1
Processing and Applications of Nanocrystalline Diamond Hybrids and
Engineered Diamond Microparts
Hans Fecht

Ulm University, Institute oif micro and nanomaterials, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm,
Germany

Nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond combines the remarkable properties

of conventional diamond, such as extreme hardness and wear resistance and a coefficient of
friction of about 0.01. Here, we report on the correlation between avg. grain size and the
relevant mechanical properties of phase pure NCD and UNCD layers synthesized by
chemical vapour deposition on silicon single crystal wafers with diameters up to six inches.
The UNCD films consist of ultra small (ca. 5 nm) equiaxed grains resulting in ultra smooth

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

surfaces with surface roughness equivalent to the grain size and transparent appearance. The
mechanical properties have been investigated and show that due to the large number of grain
boundaries with highly disordered atomic structure the Young’s modulus is decreased from
about 1010 to 500 -700 GPa but fracture strength is increased from 1 GPa to ca. 5 GPa. This
makes the material very attractive for several applications.
As a step further, by a sophisticated combination of high-precision photolithographic
techniques and efficient reactive ion etching processes (RIE) complex shaped microparts can
be designed and fabricated. A number of different current examples and applications will be
discussed, such as lubrication-free and wear-resistant microcomponents and hybrids for high-
precision mechanical devices, sensors for harsh environments, MEMS components and ultra-
sharp cutting tools for bio-applications.

KN-EM2
Thermodynamics of Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth
Jonas Johansson
Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden

Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) growth is a technologically highly important growth mode

used to grow semiconductor nanowires and the examples we will consider concern growth of
gold alloy seeded III–V semiconductor nanowires. The aim of this presentation is to
demonstrate how phase diagram and thermochemical data can be used to deepen the
thermodynamic understanding of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth. We use the CALPHAD
(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method to retrieve thermodynamic data. In order to
understand VLS growth of nanowires we construct and interpret various vertical phase
diagram sections using these data. The systems we have investigated are gold alloy catalyzed
GaAs and InAs. From our thermodynamic data, we also determine realistic chemical
potentials and use these in nucleation modeling. In particular, we calculate the composition of
gold alloy catalyzed ternary nanowires in the material system InGaAs as well as other related
systems. In conclusion, these results are very important for understanding the thermodynamic
limitations of metal particle catalyzed nanowire growth. This kind of modeling approach is
very promising when searching for new materials combinations and could replace resource
demanding experimental trial-and-error.

KN-EM3
The use of ceramic coating by ESD technique to improve
the service life of copper spot welding caps
Şükrü Talaş

Afyon Kocatepe Univesity, Faculty of Technology, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

The joining processes that are used in automotive industry often need spot welding for
the joining of sheet materials. The specific points in these welding are that they are carried
out in short time and in elevated number with a certain pressure on them. However, copper
caps are expected to endure against pressure, temperature that is released during the passage
of the current. The easy deformation and oxidation behaviour of copper caps appear with
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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

increasing temperature of medium and also need to be cleaned and cooled or replaced for the
continuation of joining process. With ceramic phase coating, the service life is expected to
increase at least twice and provide an economic advantage for the manufacturer. The benefits
that comes from coating are, not only the extension of service life but also mechanical and
corrosive resistance and even the stiffness can be considered. At the same time, coating
electrodes that can be produced in different shapes can eliminate the need for sharpening and
the increase in the resistance appearing in copper caps, resulting in an efficient use of these
electrodes. Ceramic coatings leave a thick layer of high temperature resistant and high impact
toughness material on the copper cap surface. By changing the ESD (Electro Spark
Deposition) parameters such as voltage, frequency etc.., different coating thicknesses of the
ceramic coating on the copper electrode can be obtained.

KN-EM4
Some practical application of TiO2
Mirjanić D. Lj.1, Pelemiš S.2
1
Academy of Sciences and Arts of Republic of Srpska, B&H
2
Faculty of Technology, University of East Sarajevo, B&H

Significant research is devoted to investigation of nano-sized transition metal oxides,

among which titanium-dioxide (TiO2) has a very significant role. Due to its outstanding
physical and chemical properties, low price, non-toxicity, stability, easy synthesis, possibility
for modifications and commercial availability, TiO2 has become one of the most important
materials, applied in many scientific areas. Besides it excellent properties, TiO2 is also readily
modified with the employment of simple and inexpensive experimental procedures during
which many factors can be varied in order to finely adjust the target property. This work
reviews the application TiO2 in some of the most challenging and important areas.

KN-MCC1
Restrained Nanosintering as a Path to Produce
Designed Nanostructured Solids
Boris N. Feigelson

U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA

With designed bulk nanostructured solids, one could potentially combine properties
that are mutually exclusive in a single bulk material, and, as a result, dramatically improve
the desired performance. However, a major research challenge and roadblock is how to
produce 3D nanostructured materials consistently with the required phases arranged in
designated spatial order that are at the same time fully dense without porosity (monolithic)
and detrimental phases. Known state-of-the-art techniques for producing bulk nanostructures
cannot simultaneously meet all these requirements. As a result, the inherent properties of such
bulk monolithic nanostructured materials are greatly unknown and unexplored.
We developed an Enhanced High Pressure Sintering (EHPS) process for restrained
nanosintering to make monolithic nanostructured materials from nanoparticles while retaining

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

their initial size and structure. Using this approach, monolithic nanocrystalline transparent
ceramics with grain size down to 3.5 nm is demonstrated. Such ceramics exhibit a 40%
increase in hardness over a corresponding order of magnitude reduction in grain size and
suggests that Hall-Petch type (strengthening via grain size reduction) relations exist in
ceramics down to 15 nm.
Application of the restrained nanosintering to core/shell nanoparticles offers
fundamentally new means for design of nanostructured solids and tailoring basic properties of
such artificial materials. To provide flexibility in core/shell nanoparticles design, a particle
atomic layer deposition (p-ALD) reactor was incorporated in the EHPS facility. The new
setup allows to controlling environment during all stages of the nanoparticles processing,
atomic layer deposition and sintering. Monolithic core/shell nanocomposite ceramics was
produced and characterized for the first time.

KN-MCC2
Development and Evaluation of glass-like and glass-ceramic Protection
Coatings for Metals, Steels and Glasses
Martin Amlung

INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany

Since several years, pure glass-like coatings are well known for protection against
corrosion and wear up to 500°C [1]. Based on this, new glass-ceramic coatings were
developed, which withstand temperatures up to 900°C without loss of the protective
properties. In addition, tribological and easy-to-clean functions are incorporated by ceramic
components like SiC [2].
These results were obtained by a combination of glass matrix with ceramic matrix,
which, after sintering at temperatures between 500°C and 900°C shows more stability than a
pure glass-like matrix and can be used even now for protective coatings of cardiovascular
stent materials [3]. Investigations of corrosion protection and wear resistance have shown,
that the known protection by alkali glass-like systems is combined with a higher hardness,
depending on the ceramic amount. This increased hardness (up to an average of 10.000 MPa
with 20 wt.% SiC) is further on flexible and can be formed to a certain extent.
A further advantage of the new coatings is the easy-to-clean function combined with
tribological behaviour. Especially if the coating is sintered under inert atmosphere (nitrogen,
argon) at 500°C to 800°C, the contact angles against water have values of 100° to 110° and
the surface energy was calculated to 20.1 mJ/m2, which is the best stage for these
temperatures.
For the ball-disc tribometer measurements, a glass-ceramic coating on steel, densified
at 800°C under air, was investigated with stainless steel ball (100Cr6). The glass-ceramic
coating withstands the stainless steel ball without damages. It was even superior to the ball,
which gets abraded by itself. Overall, with the new coatings for metals, alloys, steels and
glasses, an excellent combination of the very hard glass-like coating (with corrosion and
scratch/wear protection) and the high temperature stable ceramics (with anti-adhesive
properties and even flexibility) was synthesized.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

KN-MCC3
Joining of ceramics by brazing alloys
Fiqiri Hodaj

Grenoble Institute of Technology

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France

Interfacial interactions - wetting and reactions at metal/ceramic interfaces are of

paramount importance in many fields of materials engineering such as joining of ceramics by
brazing alloys, manufacturing of metal/ceramic composites, casting of metals, etc. The
purpose of this presentation is to focus on the fundamental issues of metal/ceramic interfacial
interactions and to analyse the main thermodynamic and kinetic factors governing these
interactions. First, the main features of reactive wetting are described and illustrated. Then,
after defining the two types of brazing used in practice - capillary and sandwich brazing, the
thermodynamics and kinetics of capillary infiltration are presented. The different
configurations expected to occur in sandwich brazing are also described and illustrated.
Finally, some physicochemical aspects which can affect, or even control, the morphological
evolution of the interfacial region and the properties of the joints are discussed by using and
analysing different examples of interactions between oxide or non-oxide ceramics and
reactive or non-reactive liquid alloys during joining of ceramics by brazing alloys.

KN-MCC4
Mechanical treatment of MeIC- MeIIB-MeIIIO powders and sintered
ceramic composites properties
S. P. Buyakova1, S. N. Kulkov2
1
Tomsk State University, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS
2
Tomsk Polytecnic University, Tomsk, Russia

The effect of mechanical activation on the properties of hot pressed ZrO2-ZrB2-SiC

ceramics was studied. It has been shown that material densification after mechanical
treatment is finished on initial stages of sintering process. Addition of SiC leads to essentially
increasing of sample density up to 99% of a theoretical one for powder with 20% SiC, as
compared with ZrB2 not higher when 76%. It has been shown that all defects which were
accumulated during mechanical treatment are annealed during hot pressure process and there
are no any changes of coherently diffracting domain values in sintered ceramics. The model
was suggested to describe of three-layered porous composite synthesis at the conditions of hot
isostatic pressing and investigate the porosity evolution during synthesis. It have been shown
that addition of SiC leads to essentially increasing of sample density up to 99% of a
theoretical one for sintered ceramics with 20% SiC, as compared with ZrB 2 not higher
when 76%.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

KN-REHA1
Circumstance, experiment and superstition: testing the notion
of tradition in West Balkan pottery-making
Richard Carlton

Newcastle University & The Archaeological Practice Ltd. Newcastle upon Tyne UK

The West and Central Balkans host some of the oldest and most diverse ceramic
traditions in Europe, amongst which the use of calcite as a component of pottery fabrics finds
its roots in early prehistory. This paper attempts to highlight the complexity and diversity of
recent pottery-making in the region by investigating possible reasons for the continued use of
calcite, using a materials science approach combined with observations made during repeated
visits to potters. It also invokes explanations given by the potters themselves to explore the
nature of 'tradition' and how perceived behavioural or cultural distinctions in pottery-making
contexts might be recognised archaeologically through corresponding material patterning. It
suggests that while adherence to tradition need not always be determined by functional or
material constraints, the use of calcite acts as a particularly powerful technological constraint
in the dynamic equilibrium of successful pottery-making, considered in the context of
appropriate technology. Finally, a plea is made for the recognition and preservation of this
non-tangible heritage asset before it is entirely lost to the region.

KN-REHA2
Future lights in ceramics - a new award for European ceramists:
expectations, experiences, results
Wilhelm Siemen

Porzellanikon – Staatliches Museum für Porzellan Selb/Hohenberg an der Eger Werner-

Schürer-Platz 1, 95100 Selb, Germany

Since 2015 the „Future Lights award" aus part of a European project cofounder by the
„Creative Europe" program is on the run. In a few months the „Ceramics and its Dimensions"
team will launch the third call will be open. Themes were linked with industry as well as
manufactury needs and opened new perspectives from art inspiring the designers to design
focussing on social changes like migration as well as diversity and sustainability.
Two years of experience have passed by, corrections were made, young ceramists as
well as young researchers from all over Europe applied, a few could be selected, gained
expertise and new perspectives getting in touch with the ceramics branch and of cause the
world of consumers.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

KN-REHA3
A Review On The Selection of Anode Materials For Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
Shabana P. S. Shaikh1, K. P. Adhi1
1
Advanced Materials Processing Lab, Department Of Physics, SP, Pune University, Pune,
India-411007

Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most widely used fuel cells because they
exhibit flexibility, power generation efficiency, and low pollutionformation.Research on
SOFC anodes is a major and challenging task in the field of SOFCs.This review highlights
the anode materials that may be used for SOFC applications.The use of cermet-based oxide
materials as anodes for SOFCs is also discussed in detail. A literature survey conducted over
the last 10 years shows that increased power generation efficiency may be attributed to anode
materials used in such cells. Oxide-based anode materials with perovskite and several oxides
with cubic fluorite structures are further described.Basedonthereviewconducted,we find
thatcubic fluorite-structured compound s are the most promising anode materials reported
thus far. Analyses of the structure and electrical performance of anode materials show as well
that copper– gadolinium-doped cerium oxide(Cu–GDC) cubic fluorite-structured anodes
exhibit higher electronic conductivity potential than yttria-stabilized zirconia-based anode
materials.

KN-REHA4
Structural and Magnetic properties of magnetron sputtered Fe/Cu
Nanoparticles thin films
F. A. Khan1, E. Kita2
1
Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET),
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
2
Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan

Structural, dc and ac properties of rf –sputtered Fe/Cu binary nanoparticles thin films

have been fabricated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique at different base
pressures. The as made sputtere Cu/Fe granular nano-particles are found to be
superparamagnetic in nature.The dc and ac magnetic properties are investigated as a function
of applied field at different temperatures down to liquid helium temperature using a
superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The room temperature Mössbauer
spectroscopic studies shows a paramagnetic doublet. It is observed that the densely packed as
cast nanoparticles system is an fcc-FeCu solid solution which goes through magnetic phase
transition upon heat treatment with the inclusion of bcc-Fe. Nucleation of ferromagnetic Fe
nanograins is observed upon annealing the sample at 400C for one hour in an argon
atmosphere and is confirmed by the appearance of sextets in the Mössbauer spectrum. Also
the as deposited Cu/Fe particle system with the predominance of fcc Cu is found to have high
electrical conductivity and complete immiscibility and hence can be an ideal system for nano-
device fabrication. Mössbauer spectrum of as made sample at room temperature shows
paramagnetic doublet while a ferromagnetic sextet is observed for annealed samples

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

indicating the formation of ferromagnetic Fe nanoparticles in a predominant matrix of fcc-Cu.

The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a densely packed particles system with a
wide range of particle size distribution. The Field cooled (FC) and Zero Field cooled (ZFC)
curves have shown a peak temperature Tp around 45K. M-H hysteresis curve on as made and
annealed samples at low temperature has shown magnetic softness while some measurable
coercivity is developed upon heat treatment on this binary metallic particles system. The low
field ac permeability measurements at constant applied field and different frequencies have
shown a flip temperature around 45K.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

INV-BMS1
Characterization of Au-mercaptotriazole crystals using
the spectroscopy methods
Silvana B. Dimitrijević1, Z. Ž. Lazarević2, S. P. Dimitrijević3
1
Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni bulevar 35, 19210 Bor, Serbia
2
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Innovation Center Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia

At the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Bor a completely new electrolyte based on
gold complex with mercaptotriazole was synthesized in a wide pH range from acid to alkaline
media (pH=212). Synthesis of the electrolyte for hard and decorative plating was developed
and tested. In this investigation detailed characterization of the complex in liquid and solid
state in the whole range of its stability was performed.
It was shown that the new electrolyte can be successfully used in electrolytic baths for
hard and decorative plating. Contrary to the previous organics complexes of gold, it retained a
sufficient stability in a period of at least three months. Electrochemical characteristics of
mercaptotriazole gold complex at pH value of two and nine remained unchanged for a period
of one year. In that period any visual changes did not appear. Based on detailed experimental
investigations, it was concluded that the quality of decorative gold plating, obtained from a
gold complex based on mercaptotrizole, satisfies all requirements of decorative gold plating.
The most important advantage of this electrolyte is ecological, as the gold could be
regenerated by simply settling with hydrogen peroxide in which the sulfur is precipitated.
Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the crystals of
gold complexes based on mercaptotrazole obtained from solutions with different pH values
(2, 4, 7, and 9). The most important finding of IC/Raman spectroscopy analysis is that the
Raman spectroscopy has provided a definitive confirmation of bond established between
metal ion and sulfur atom. Also, both techniques indicated that the nitrogen atom in the ring
of obtained Au-MT compound, remains protonated at pH = 9, which does not support an
assumption formulated from the analysis of UV-spectra, that MT molecules at this pH may
interact with the metal ion not only through the sulfur, but also through the nitrogen atom.

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 The Sixth Serbian Ceramic Society Conference »Advanced Ceramics and Application«
September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

INV-BMS2
Iron oxide functionalized wollastonite based adsorbents for oxyanions
removal
Jelena Rusmirović1, Aleksandar Marinković2, Nina Obradović3, Vera Pavlović4,
Vladimir Pavlović3,5
1
Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade,
Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute of Technical Sciences of the SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
4
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
5
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia

Iron oxide functionalized porous wollastonite (WL) was used as adsorbent for
oxyanions (arsenic, chromate and phosphate ions) removal from natural water. Porous WL
was fabricated from calcium carbonate and siloxane by a pressureless sintering process and
by using low molecular weight nano-sized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as pore
forming agent. The precipitation of iron oxide nanoparticles was carried out directly by a
polyol-medium solvothermal method using iron(III) chloride hexahydrate and via (3-
aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane cross-linker by solvent/nonsolvent system method using
iron(II) sulphate heptahydrate. The effectiveness of WL synthesis and modification was
confirmed applying FTIR, Raman, XRD and SEM analysis. Comparative adsorption study,
related to benefits of WL modification method for the iron oxide functionalized WL based
adsorbent for oxyanion removal was conducted. In a batch test, the influence of modified WL
mass and contact time on adsorption efficiency of arsenic, chromate and phosphate ions were
studied.

INV-BMS3
Dilatometer as a scientific tool
Nebojša J. Labus1, Vladimir B. Pavlović2, Zorka Ž. Vasiljević1, Maria Vesna P. Nikolić3
1
Institute of Technical Sciences of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Beograd, Serbia
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Physics, University of Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Dilatometry is defined as the dimensional change of a solid specimen recorded during

temperature schedule. Set of data obtained in such a manner are known as dilatogram.
Dilatograms for different sort of materials represent an important trace for deduction of other
materials properties than volume. Property parameters directly appointable from the
dilatogram graph are: thermal expansion coefficient for the temperature interval, glass
transition temperature, phasetransition temperature, sintering shrinkage and sintering
temperature for maximal shrinkage rate, crystallization point temperature for amorphous bulk
metallic glasses, defect annealing temperature. From dilatometric data we can also calculate
more complex values such as the sintering activation energy, deduce sintering kinetic

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Belgrade, Serbia

mechanisms, for the phase transition kinetic parameters and phase composition, defect
concentration, materials thermal expansion coefficient at a particular temperature, solid state
reaction kinetic parameters. Dilatometric devices regarding the construction are divided into
contact and non contact ones, for they physically exert force on the specimen or not.
Furthermore, contact dilatometric devices can be ascribed due to their construction as vertical
and horizontal. This categorization leads to different and changeable contact force on the
specimen. Vertical dilatometers usually use higher and temporarily changeable forces applied
on the specimen. They can be, with suitable equipment, used for other mechanical properties
determination than expansion, such as compressibility, tension or inflection. Non contact
devices are divided into interferometric and optical. Interferometric ones use a two laser
beams construction where for the length change measuring they count the number of wave
lengths that are formed as a path difference between two beams. Optical devices, however,
uses monochromatic light projected on the specimen that forms shadow recorded on an
optical sensor. Obtained images are then analyzed for the specimen`s dimensional change.

INV-NOP1
Development of dense and controlled porous nano-structured biomaterials
based on hydroxyapatite
Djordje Veljović

Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

The human bones and teeth as natural composites contain nano-sized hydroxyapatite
(HAp) forms as main inorganic phase which gives the sufficient mechanical properties to
human hard tissue. The processing of nano-grained sintered HAp bioceramic forms and nano-
structured controlled porous scaffolds based on HAp are two directions of development of
biomaterials applicable in different regenerative purposes in dental, maxillofacial and
orthopedic practice and also in the field of tissue engineering. The first part of the research
was based on the investigation of possibilities for processing of nano-grained dense HAp,
starting from nano-powder, using the different approaches for limiting of the grain size,
different sintering techniques and different concept of temperature regimes. The presence of
nano-sized grains in dense microstructure affected improvement in the mechanical properties
and in vitro biocompatibility. In vivo investigations indicated that reducing of the grain size
could improve the structure/quality of tissue-material interfaces and have potential to affect
the osseointegration. It was also showed that nano-grains in full dense two-step microwave
sintered HAp were not a guarantee, but in many cases are sufficient prerequisite for
improvement of mechanical properties. The second part of the study was based on the
improvement of the properties of composite scaffolds, with the amount of calcium phosphate
phase similar to natural bone, by controlling of doping and shape of β-TCP bioactive
particles.

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Belgrade, Serbia

INV-NOP2
New aspects in processing of hydroxyapatite ceramics
Miodrag J. Lukić

Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia

Sintering of hydroxyapatite ceramics has been a challenging topic for decades since
the material has good bioactivity, proven biocompatibility, low cost, and high availability.
Besides its biomaterial applications, hydroxyapatite has been used so far as a catalyst support,
sensor material, etc. For improvements in its functional properties, new synthesis and
processing routes are certainly required.
This work will present current achievements in new processing routes of
hydroxyapatite ceramics. In the first part, sintering of hydroxyapatite in the presence of
lithium iron phosphate will be presented. Such composition induces formation of liquid phase
during sintering and interaction between materials that provides decreasing of the processing
temperature and formation of reinforcing Fe-rich phase located along the grain boundaries of
the matrix material. Furthermore, an influence of heating rate on pure hydroxyapatite
sintering will be presented showing that conventional processing with high heating rates can
be beneficial for microstructural refinement without any drawbacks regarding the final
density of sintered ceramics. This will be discussed regarding the chemical changes induced
due to release of hydroxyapatite structural ionic species.

INV-NOP3
Self-assembly on surfaces and nanotechnology
Jelena Manojlovic

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Nis, Srbija

Tribology is a study of friction, lubrication and wear. The basic principles of friction
have been described very well in an empirical way, but the molecular mechanisms underlying
friction are still not understood. With the development of nanotechnology and the new
experimental probes, scientists have been able to study the origins of friction on the atomic
scale. Usually, there is a need to reduce the friction coefficient and the lubricants are normally
employed. In this research special attention is dedicated to the boundary lubrication regime,
when specific molecules form absorbed molecular film on the solid surfaces and dry contact
is excluded. A good model for boundary lubrication are the self-assembled monolayers. Our
aim was to produce homogeneous monolayers of surfactants on muscovite mica. We have
chosen quaternary ammonium surfactants, to use the ion-exchange capabilities of the
negatively charged mica substrate and positively charged head groups of the quaternary
ammonium surfactants (primary cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). The adsorbed layers
were characterized by contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy imaging. It
has been shown that the temperature during solution preparation can be potentially
detrimental to surfactant adsorption on the solid surface from solution.

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

INV-EM1
Granular material transport and mixing - DEM/CFD numerical аpproach
Lato Pezo

University of Belgrade, Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia

The quality mixing of powders, particles and/or granules obtain an engineering,

energy, economic and ecological importance of various industries. The mixing efficiency, the
design of equipment and mixing parameters exert a strong impact on the quality and the price
of the intermediate or final product. The use of Discrete Element Method (DEM) is
demonstrated in various applications, such as: modelling of granular flow in static mixer,
revolving static mixer and modified screw conveyor. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
is used for modelling of fluid flow through the Eulerian multiphase model. The coupling of
DEM and CFD method could be used to predict the behaviour of particles during the
transport / mixing process. If it is applicable, the model should undergo the verification step,
during which the experimental results are compared to numerical data. Application of this
modelling approach provides the possibility for optimization of the geometry and parameters
of mixing systems and the improvements in granular material handling, taking into account
the quality of the mixing process and the cost of the final product.

INV-EM2
Assessing electrical properties of ceramic samples
D. Olćan1, N. Obradović2, S. Filipović2, A. Terzić3, V. Pavlović2, M. Kachlik4, K. Maca4,
A. Djordjević1
1
School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute for Testing of Materials IMS, Belgrade, Serbia
4
EITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic

We present an overview of electromagnetic numerical techniques and measurement

apparatus that have been used for assessing electrical properties of ceramic samples. The
complex permittivity of the ceramics is typically the first electromagnetic property of interest.
In the measurement approach that we use, ceramic samples, in the shape of pills with
metalized faces, are placed in either a proprietary coaxial chamber or in an open fixture. The
scattering parameter (reflection coefficient) is measured using a network analyzer. For the
deembedding of the complex permittivity of a sample one needs precise electromagnetic
simulations, including detailed models of the chamber or the open fixture. For lower and
intermediate frequencies we use a numerical technique for electrostatic analysis, based on the
method of moments with Galerkin testing. We create a database that is used afterwards for
evaluation of the complex permittivity practically in real time. For higher frequencies, a full
electrodynamic model of the chamber is developed with WIPL-D software. For all our
deembedding techniques, we have also developed a detailed model of losses in the SMA
coaxial connectors, which is essential for a precise evaluation of the imaginary part of the

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Belgrade, Serbia

complex permittivity for low-loss dielectrics. We present results of several measurements in

order to illustrate the used techniques.

INV-EM3
Electrocatalytic hydrogen production on a nickel electrode modified with
V2O5+Co co-deposit: The synergetic electronic effect
Nebojša I. Potkonjak

University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

Considering a world wide need for renewable energy sources, much attention has been
give to the hydrogen economy. Currently the production of hydrogen by alkaline water
electrolysis is facing problem concerning high and ineffective energy consumption.
Therefore, designing of a new cathodic materials, based on the concept of electrocatalytic
synergism toward hydrogen production, are particularly of great importance. Accurate
defined, electrocatalysis represents the effect of an electrode material on the rate of electrode
reaction. This effect can be real (intrinsic), or apparent. Among various electrocatalystic
systems, oxide electrodes have been shown to possess high catalytic activity for the hydrogen
evolution reaction (HER). In this study, the galvanostatic co-deposition of V2O5 and Co
particles onto the smooth Ni support has been carried out in an alkaline bath. Presence of V
and Co species on the surface of Ni support was qualitatively confirmed by XRF
spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic parameters of investigated electrodes toward HER, such as: the
exchange current density, the current density at fixed overpotentil (-250 mV), the
overpotential at fixed current density (300 mA cm-2) have been evaluated. Comparative
analysis of the electrocatalytic activities of: the V2O5+Co cathode (V2O5+Co/Ni), the Ni
smooth electrode, the electrode obtained by electrodeposition of Co onto Ni smooth electrode
(Co/Ni) and the in situ activated Ni smooth electrode with V2O5 (V2O5/Ni), has been carried
out. Results are presented to show, that the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the
V2O5+Co/Ni electrode toward HER can be attributed to existence of a pronounced synergetic
electronic effect.

INV-EM4
Kinetic investigation of various thermally-induced processes
in ceramic materials
Andrei Rotaru

INFLPR-National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, Bvd.
Atomistilor, Nr. 409, Magurele (Ilfov), Bucharest, Romania

In ceramic materials, various processes – physical or chemical – undergo; these are

investigated through several thermoanalytical methods, thus by multiple techniques. Some of
them, partially due to subtle changes that may not be monitored by all or most popular
thermal techniques, have the disadvantage of being not completely studied or even wrongly
understood. The kinetic studies of these transformations shall bring more insights to the
overall understanding of these materials and point eventually to specific application deriving.

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

Sometimes, the kinetic methods are chosen to be employed in order to calculate the kinetic
parameters without questioning their viability for the proposed topic. Nevertheless, the
combination of chosen experimental techniques with the available kinetic methods are most
of the time the weakest point: in this study, obvious aspects are shown in order to highlight
dubious data which are although published in the literature and a strategy to follow for
improving these aspects is proposed.

INV-MCC1
Influence of mechanical activation on the alternations in quality of raw
materials for production of construction ceramics: chemometric approach
Anja Terzić

Institute for Testing of materials IMS, Belgrade, Serbia

The assessment of the activation process variables influence on the final quality of the
product parameters was conveyed in order to optimize the mechanical treatments of the
different raw materials (mica, talc, fly ash and alumina) used in the production of
construction and high-temperature composites. The modification in the behavior of activated
samples has been correlated to the particle size distribution effect produced by activation via
ultra-centrifugal mill. The differences in the set of the process parameters determined before
and after raw materials activation and their influence on the grain-size distribution related
characteristics have been studied. The mechanical treatments are regarded as either
energetically or economically unsustainable procedures, therefore the activations were
optimized on basis of the assessment of the process variables (number of rotor revolutions,
current intensity, activation period, circumferential rotor speed and mill capacity) effect on
the final quality of product parameters (mesh sizes of the sieves, accumulated retained
masses, average grain size, level of micronization kinetics, mesh size appropriate to 95 % of
accumulated passing mass and specific surface area). The activated product parameters in all
experimental sequences were obtained by the analytical procedure based on Rosin-Rammler-
Sperling equation.
Response Surface Method, Standard Score Analysis and Principal Component
Analysis were used as a means of the optimization. The established mathematical models
were able to precisely predict the quality parameters in a broad range of processing
parameters. Developed models showed r2 values in the range of 0.714-0.988 for investigated
raw materials. Standard Score Analysis highlighted that the optimal sample was obtained
using the experimental sequence that corresponds to the set of processing parameters related
to the 120 μm sieve mesh size. The acquired standard score values were: SS=0.74 for mica,
SS=1.0 for talc, SS=0.93 for fly ash and SS=0.96 for alumina. Multiple comparison tests
revealed that the optimal variation in the processing parameters could reduce the negative
effect of raw materials inherent properties on the final score, which would improve energetic
and economic sustainability of the activation applied to the processing of raw materials
utilized in production of construction and high-temperature ceramics.

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

INV-MCC2
Wet-chemical approach for Ni deposition in BCY15 ceramic matrix:
Structure and anode cermet activity in pSOFC
M. Gabrovska1, D. Nikolova1, E. Mladenova2, D. Vladikova2, S. Rakovsky1, Z. Stoynov2
1
Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Acad. Evgeni Budevski Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

Commonly, in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFC) metal Ni is

incorporated in the proton conducting anode ceramic matrix as NiO to form the so called
cermet, applying standard ceramic technology. However, the sintered powders are often with
low homogeneity and uncontrolled particle size. Another complication is the eventual
formation of parasitic phases with lower conductivity.
A wet-chemical approach for Ni introduction in the anode ceramic matrix of Y-doped
barium cerate, BaCe0.85Y0.15O2.925 (BCY15) was introduced as an alternative to the traditional
ceramic route for Ni-based cermet preparation. BCY15/Ni powders, synthesized in aqueous,
as well as in anhydrous medium, were examined by X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption and
SEM techniques. The electrochemical properties of the produced BCY15/Ni anode cermet
were determined by impedance spectroscopy after high-temperature sintering followed by
reduction in hydrogen atmosphere.
It was found that the synthesis of BCY15/Ni solid in non-aqueous medium provides
for the preservation of the matrix structure and enhances the electrochemical performance of
the cermet. The wet-chemical reduction method ensures better conditions for Ni introduction
in the ceramic matrix than the classical ceramic approach, offering a simple procedure to
obtain promising high performance pSOFC anodes consisting of fine, well-dispersed and not
agglomerated nano-scaled metal nickel crystallites distributed in the BCY15 matrix.

INV-MCC3
Surface activity of ceramics/surfactants interface
Stevan Blagojević

Institute of general and physical chemistry, Studentski trg 12/V, Belgrade, Serbia

Surface activity of ceramics materials surface is of main importance in processes like

wetting, cleaning and depositions of thin films.
Determination of contact angle and wetting properties as well as surface tension were
done according to standard procedures at 25°C and 45°C. Contact angle was determined by
tilting plate method, wetting time (wettability) was determined by immersion method and
surface tension of surfactants mixtures was determined by using Traube stalagmometer. The
used surfactant was anionic alkylpolyglucoside (APG) and nonionic alcohol etoxylate (AEO)
and lauraminoxide (AO) in different ratios and total concentration form 0.05 to 0.30%
The properties of anionic surfactant APG was improved by adding of AEO and AO. It
is clear that addition of nonionic ethoxylated alcohol and lauraminoxide surfactants caused a
very pronounced synergism in mixed surfactant formulations. The changes in contact angle

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

and wettability on ceramic surface were in the function of surface tension of surfactants
mixture. The lower contact angle and the best wettability were obtained with mixture
APG/AEO/AO 10:2:1 and total concentration of 0.25% active surfactants mixture.

INV-MCC4
Monolith catalysts based on Mn oxides with additive (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, La,
Ce) for deep oxidation of hydrocarbons
N. V. Shikina1, S. A. Yashnik1, А. А. Gavrilova1, S. R. Khairulin1, Z. R. Ismagilov1,2
1
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva, 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2
Institute of Coal Chemistry and Materials Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and
Coal Chemistry, pr. Sovetskiy, 18, 650000, Kemerovo, Russia

Decoration of honeycomb monoliths by nanoparticles allows to considerably

expanding the range of functional capabilities of monoliths due to high chemical potential of
nanoparticles and optimal design of supports. Current communication is devoted to
development of a preparation-mode for nanoscale catalysts based on oxides of Mn with Cu,
Ni, Co, Fe, La, Ce, which are deposited on monoliths.
The catalysts based on the individual and bicomponent Mn-Me oxides were prepared
by impregnation of ceramic monoliths with a solution of suitable metal nitrates and studied
by XRD, BET, TGA, TEM, SEM, H2-TPR, differential dissolution.
Active component in the bicomponent catalysts was found to be nanoparticles of
mixed Mn-Me oxides and composite oxides. Formation of composite Mn-Me oxides gives
synergistic effect in activity of bicomponent catalysts compared with individual oxides.

INV-REHA1
The Inportance of Ethnoarchaeology in Ceramic Technology Research
Biljana Djordjević

National Museum in Belgrade, Trg Republike 1A, Belgrade, Serbia

Ceramics is the oldest sintetic material of the humanity. From the Upper Paleolithic,
until today, the ceramic technology has developed almost without interuption. Archaeological
science still does not have the answers about all aspects of the ceramic production in the past,
particularly the intangible ones. In the technological process of ceramic manufacturing there
are certain rules that limit the number of possible variables in the operational chain, but on
local level their combinations can be diverse and thay depends on the characteristics of the
local raw materials in the first place. The hypothesis that material dictates a technique i.e. that
a choice of clay and tempers are directly connected with the shaping technique and the
function of the final product will be discussed in this paper. As well as the questions of
technological universality and technological continuity in ceramic production.That is why
getting familiar with curent traditional ceramic techniques and technologies, through the
ethnoarchaeological research, is crucial for understanding of the ceramic phenomenon and its
development through history. Ceramic ethnoarchaeology is a scientific field intensively

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Belgrade, Serbia

present in the world for several decades already. Nevertheless, in Serbia the discipline is just
at the beginning of development. In this paper I’ll try to explain the importance of the
ethnoarchaeological research at local level and in wider, regional frames.

INV-REHA2
Fluorine doping of cathode materials for rechargeable batteries
Dragana Jugović

Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia

In the continuing search for alternative cathode materials for rechargeable batteries
with improved electrochemical performances, there is a need for a versatile approach that will
address concerns regarding low reversible capacity, poor capacity retention, low operating
voltage and structural instability. So far, a lot of investigation was focused on cation doping.
On the other hand, there is much less investigation on anion doping of cathode materials.
Taking olivine-type LiFePO4 and layered NaxCoO2 as example materials for lithium- and
sodium- ion batteries, respectively, the influence of fluorine doping on both the structure and
the electrochemical performances was examined. The crystal structure refinement revealed
that fluorine incorporation preserves the parent structure. Furthermore, small oxygen
replacement by fluorine ions changes electronic structure and consequently modifies
electrical properties.

INV-REHA3
Spectroscopy study of LiFePO4 catode materials for Li-ion battery
prepared in the thermo-acoustic reactor
Zorica Ž. Lazarević1, Janez Križan2, Gregor Križan2, Valentin N. Ivanovski3,
Miodrag Mitrić3, Martina Gilić1, Nebojša Ž. Romčević1
1
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Maistrova ulica 19A, 2250 Ptuj, Slovenija
3
Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

LiFePO4 is a potential cathode candidate for the next generation of secondary lithium
batteries. The iron based olivine type cathodes (mainly lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4) are
regarded as possible alternatives to cathodes based on rare metal composites. Industry uses
mostly methods in solids and less hydrothermal synthesis. The pilot reactor was built
according to the principles of the thermos-acustic burner. It consists of a burner on the basis
of the Helmholtz resonator. The sample synthesized in incomplete combustion and resonance
mode of reactor and calcined at 700°C. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray
diffraction, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The aim of this work is to show that is
possible to achieve a desired crystal phase with only a proper mode of operation. The
seemingly rapid transformation of amorphous into pure phase material was attributed to two
mechanisms; increasing the number of particles due to the reduction in size and a larger
number of collisions between particles due to the strong turbulent flow associated with
explosive combustion.

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Belgrade, Serbia

OR-BMS1
Zinc oxide-based materials with enhanced sunlight-driven photo- and
photo-electro-catalytic activity
Smilja Marković1, Vladimir Rajić2, Ivana Stojković-Simatović2, Dragan Uskoković1
1
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Current trend in photocatalysis is to develop efficient semiconductors which can be

activated by absorbing sunlight. Which wavelength of sunlight will be absorbed depends on
the semiconductor band gap; semiconductors with a wide band gap (> 3 eV) can absorb only
UV light (5% of sunlight), while those with a narrow band gap (< 3 eV) can be activated by
visible light (45% of sunlight).
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is promising semiconductor with band gap of 3.37 eV. Various
approaches have been applied to modify its optical properties, for example: incorporation of
different metal and nonmetal ions or defects into the crystal structure, particles’ surface
sensitization or hydrogenation. In this study, we examined the influence of different defects
present in ZnO particles on their photo- and photo-electro-catalytic properties. Processing of
ZnO particles were carried out in order to introduce: (1) lattice defects, through microwave
procedure, (2) surface defects, through mechanical activation, and (3) surface defects, trough
composite with polyethylene oxide. Synthesized particles were characterized by XRD, FE-
SEM, laser diffraction particle size analyzer, Raman, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and
photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results of achieved photo- and photo-electro-catalytic
tests indicate that both, structural and surface, defects enhanced sunlight-driven activity of
ZnO particles.

OR-BMS2
Synthesis, characterization & bacterial activity of ZnO and Histidine
incorporated ZnO

Shraddha Mahakal1, Surekha Satpute2, Kiran Adhi1, Shabana Shaikh3

1,3
Center for Advanced Studies in Material Science & Condensed Matter Physics Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007 India
2
Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007 India

Chemical route was adopted to synthesize both ZnO and amino acid (Histidine)
incorporated ZnO. For synthesizing ZnO, which is used as reference, a solution (0.25M) Zn
(NO3)2 was prepared in distilled water. NH4OH was added drop wise till a white precipitate is
observed. This solution was stirred continuously at 1000C for 1 hr. The precipitate was then
centrifuged & washed several times using distilled water, which was subsequently dried. The
same procedure was carried out in the presence of Histidine for the synthesis of Histidine
incorporated ZnO. Four different concentrations of Histidine were used, ranging from 0.1
mg/ml to 1mg/ml during the synthesis of Histidine incorporated ZnO.

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Belgrade, Serbia

Different techniques have been used for characterization of the synthesized powders.
X-ray diffraction pattern shows the formation of single phase wurtzite ZnO. No other phases
were observed. The average particle size of undoped ZnO & Histidine incorporated ZnO was
estimated to be in the range of 40-60nm. Selected area diffraction pattern of Histidine
incorporated ZnO indicates the observation of two hexagons titled to each other indicating the
presence of strain in the synthesized ZnO powders. This tilt varied with the increase
concentration of Histidine. The UV-visible spectrograph shows variation in band gap energy
the Histidine incorporated ZnO. The undoped and Histidine incorporated ZnO were used for
the bacterial activity test. While undoped ZnO, as expected, shows antibacterial activity, the
Histidine incorporated ZnO shows, interestingly, pro-bacterial activity. Scanning electron
microscopy supports the pro-bacterial activity of Histidine incorporated ZnO.

OR-NOP1
Synthesis of ZnO:Ag core-shell nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic
properties by single - and two-steps USP
L. Muñoz-Fernandez1, G. Alkan2, O. Milošević3, M.E. Rabanal1, B. Friedrich2
1
University Carlos III of Madrid and IAAB, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Avda.Universidad 30, 28911 Leganes, Madrid,
Spain.
2
IME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, Intzestraße 3, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
3
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, KnezMihailova
35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Synthesis of ZnO:Ag core-shell nanoparticles were performed by ultrasonic spray

pyrolysis (USP) from the corresponding nitrate solutions. Varying relative concentrations of
Ag and ZnO precursors and two different equipment installation, allowing either common
(single-step) or separate precipitation (two-steps) of Ag and ZnO, were examined in terms of
their effect on final microstructure and photocatalytic properties using X-ray powder
diffraction (XRPD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, HRTEM),
UV-Vis spectroscopy and photocatalytic tests. Formation of phase-pure ZnO:Ag core- shell
like particles where ZnO secondary submicron sized particles formed by primary crystals
with the size of 5-20 nm were confirmed by TEM analyses. Structural analyses revealed
variations in silver distribution and morphology within ZnO core depending on experimental
conditions. Samples with fine and uniform silver distribution on ZnO surface display a strong
silver-induced enhancement of photocatalytic performance and exhibits a significantly
improved photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl blue (MB) than that of other
noble metal free ZnO systems. Photocatalytic analyses (all samples reached > 45% MB
degradation) confirm the all synthesized ZnO:Ag USP systems viability for environmental
applications. The best result (93% of dye elimination) is obtained for sample exhibiting
maximum available surface, which strongly depends on particle morphology, size and
distribution. Moreover, all samples synthesized by single-step USP revealed higher dye
elimination with respect to ones with two- steps USP due to favored distribution of silver in
microstructure.

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Belgrade, Serbia

OR-NOP2
In-vitro visualization of primary tumor cells using up-conversion
nanophosphors
Lidija Mancic1, Aleksandra Djukic-Vukovic2, Ljiljana Mojovic2, Mihailo Rabasovic3,
Aleksandar J. Krmpot3, Ivana Dinic4, Antonio MLM. Costa5, Olivera Milosevic1
1
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and
Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
3
Photonic Center, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Belgrade,
Serbia
4
Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia
5
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio
de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Due to their unique luminescent features, lanthanide doped up-converting

nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) have an important role in biomedical use, particularly in the area
of NIR-excited fluorescent cell imaging. For such purpose, Ln-UCNPs should have specific
morphological characteristics and efficient luminescence response. In this work, a biocompatible
and water dispersible NaYF4:Yb,Er@PLGA nanoparticles synthesized using a one-step
hydrothermal synthesis were tested as fluorescent bio-labels of primary cell cultures obtained
after passage of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC). Structural, morphological and
optical properties of particles were obtained using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), field
emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy (FESEM/TEM), energy dispersive
X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
The results revealed coexistence of the cubic (Fm-3m) and hexagonal (P63/m) phase in spherical and
irregularly shaped nanoparticles, respectively. Moreover, preservation of the PLGA ligands at the
particles surface facilitates their interactions with the cell membrane and provides permeation
into cells. To asses a biological safety of their use, viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HFG)
was additionally evaluated by a colorimetric MTT assay.

OR-EM1
Effect of annealing temperature on structural and surface morphology of
ceramic electrolyte for IT-SOFC applications
Shabana P. S. Shaikh, Kiran P. Adhi

Center for Advanced Studies in Materials Science & Condensed Matter Physics
Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007.India

In the present work the powder of Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 Gadolinium-doped ceria (10GDC) is

procured from Sigma Aldrich with 99.9% purity. Using powder 10GDC the electrolyte
material in pellets form were sintered at different temperature of 800, 900, 1100 and 1200 oC
for 4 hr in microwave high temperature furnace to investigate the effect of sintering
temperature on density, structural and morphological properties of 10GDC. Density was
measured using the Archimedes’s method.

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Belgrade, Serbia

The crystallite size was estimated from the obtained XRD data with the help of X’pert
High Score software. The average crystallite size, as estimated from the x-ray diffraction
data, was found to be in nanosize for all samples sintered in the above mentioned temperature
range. The crystallite size and particle size (as observed from FESEM) for10GDC sintered
from 800 to1200oC was found to be in the range of 54.73-85.23 nm respectively The lattice
parameter and lattice cell volume were measured using Cell Refine software.
It is observed that the sintering temperature has significant effect on the surface
morphology and crystallite size. The surface morphology of all the microwave sintered
samples were recorded using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM).
Denser nanostructures were observed in case of 10GDC samples sintered at 800oC, when
compared those sintered at higher tempertaures. Further, the density of the pellets goes on
decreasing with the increase in sintering temperature, which is in good agreement with the
reported data. The density varied in the range between 7.49 to 6.89 g/cm3.

OR-EM2
Fractal nature Heywang model correction and Brownian motions
Vojislav V. Mitic1,2, Goran Lazović3, Vesna Paunovic1, Ljubisa Kocic1
1
University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Nis, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
3
University of Belgrade, Faculty of mechanical engineering, Belgrade, Serbia

Ceramics grains contacts are essential for understanding complex dielectric properties of
electronic ceramics materials. Since the actual contact surface is an irregular object, the
theory of fractal sets is applied. Also, the Heywang model of intergranular capacity are
introduced as a basic idea for relations with fractal structure. The BaTiO3-ceramics has fractal
form in, at least, two levels: shapes and distributions of grains and intergranular contacts.
Using fractal modeling approach, reconstruction of microstructure, like shapes of grains or
intergranular contacts can be successfully done. Furthermore, the area of grains surface is
calculated by using fractal correction that expresses the irregularity of grains surface through
fractal dimension. It is known that BaTiO3 and similar ceramics have fractal nature based on
three different phenomena. First, there is process of Brownian-fractal motions inside the
material during sintering in the form of flowing micro-particles –ions, atoms, electrons which
is an essentially fractal phenomena. This motion has fractal structure and can be undergo the
process of fractal modification. Second, there are so called “negative space” made of pores
and intergranular space. Being extremely complex, the pore space plays an important role in
microelectronic, PTC and other phenomena. Third, ceramic grains have fractal shape seeing
as a contour in cross section or as grain’s surface. These triple factors, in combination, make
the microelectronic environment of very peculiar electro-static and dynamics microelectronic
environment.
In order to obtain an equivalent circuit model, which provides a more realistic
representation of the electronic materials electrical properties, in this article an intergranular
contacts model for the BaTiO3 electrical properties characterization were determined and
implemented. Considering obtained results, the directions of possible BaTiO3-ceramics
materials properties prognosis are determined according to the correlations synthesis-
structure-properties.

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

OR-EM3
Reusable thermal heat pillow based on clay and phase change materials for
human use
Milena S. Stojiljković, Staniša T. Stojiljković

Faculty of Technology Leskovac, University of Niš

Thermotherapy as an external effect of warming the body was used in medical and
recreational and preventive purposes. The subject of our work is thixotropic dense gel based
on clay and phase change materials. It must have a flexibility surface form of the joints, spine
and others body parts. In addition, it should have a heat transfer coefficient which will enable
the acceleration of the blood, the reduction of viscosity of physiological fluids, in particular
lymph, thus providing a blood circulation in the treated body part. The viscoelastic
thixotropic gel responds to temperature changes with body and makes custom shape of the
pillow to conform to the curves of a body for comfort and support. This allows the shape of
the pillow to follow more closely the contours of the body and to promote an improved
alignment of the neck and spine when a person is in a supine or side-lying position. The
product should have characteristically reusable with the same properties. This means that the
heterogeneous gel based on clay, salts, wax or stearic acid, is to retain the homogeneous
structure reusable after heating. The best heating is achieved by microwaves. Packaging the
gel should be easily adaptable to the body, that has thermal stability up to 150°C, which
ensures the functionality of the application. In addition to all the product must be easy to heat
and easy to apply at any position of the body with a corresponding Velcro strip. The heat
capacity of the gel by adding the clay and the water for mass of 1 kg is about 500 kJ. Elastic
and easily customizable body shape pillow filled with all-natural, clay-based materials. It is
non-toxic, biodegradable and environmentally safe. Recommended for home treatments. Use
radiant energy to provide soothing relief from: arthritis, sports injuries, muscle pain, joint
stiffness, fibromyalgia, menstrual cramps, chronic back pain, sinus/stress headaches, post-
surgery pain and others. Maintains optimum temperatures longer. Retains peak therapeutic
temperatures better than simple gels.

OR-MCC1
“Bone Ash Reinforced Geopolymer using Metakaolin from Metamax(MT),
Mymensingh Clay(MW) and Synthetic Mymensingh Clay(MW-SYN)”
A.W. Bhuiya, D. Ribero, M. Hu, P. F. Keane, W. M. Kriven

Department of Materials Science and Engineering,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61921, USA

Calcined natural bone ash of hydroxyapatite (HA) and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) has
been investigated for the reinforcement of potassium geopolymer (KGP). The particulate
reinforcements of 5, 10 and 15 wt % each of hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate were
added to potassium geopolymer to compare with potassium geopolymer using Metamax
(KGP-MT), potassium geopolymer with Mymensingh clay metakaolin (KGP-MW) and

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

potassium geopolymer using synthetic Mymensingh clay metakaolin (KGP-MW-SYN). Both

the room temperature and high temperature properties in SEM, XRD and Instron were
investigated for the tested geopolymer samples. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of
geopolymer analogue with amorphous hump at 280 2θ in all the tested samples at room
temperature. In addition, crystalline peaks were observed in KGP (MW) as well as in KGP
(MT) reinforced with HA and DCP. Thermally treated geopolymer at 11500C also showed
crystalline peaks of leucite, kalsilite, monetite and quartz confirming the signature of
geopolymer ceramics at elevated temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed
fully reacted and homogenous aluminosilicate matrix in the geopolymer samples cured at
room temperature for 7 days. Geopolymers composites KGP (MT)-15 DCP, KGP(MW)-
15DCP and KGP(MW-SYN)-15DCP when thermally treated at 11500C revealed
microstructural integrity with the formation of phosphate glass, while in KGP (MW), a self-
glazed surface was developed after being heated at 1125 0C. Even though the room
temperature compressive strength decreased in the reinforced geopolymer compared to pure
geopolymer, the room temperature flexure strength increased to 18.3 MPa in KGP (MW),
11.0 MPa in KGP (MT)-15HA and 11.1 MPa in KGP (MT)-15DCP, 14.74 MPa in
KGP(MW-SYN) and 14.5 MPa in KGP(MW-SYN)-5DCP compared to that in pure
potassium geopolymer KGP (MT), 8.4 Mpa. The high temperature flexure strength after heat
treatment at 11500C for 1 hr. also increased to 28.56 Mpa in KGP(MW-SYN)-5DCP and
31.97 Mpa in KGP(MW-SYN)-10DCP and but decreased to 20.3 MPa in KGP (MW-SYN)-
15DCP. The increment of flexure strength attributes to the crystalline reinforcement phases in
pure geopolymer matrix.

OR-MCC2
Novel sintered clay ceramics with combined utilization of steel mill scale
waste and municipal sewage sludge
X. Spiliotis1, V. Karayannis2, S. Lamprakopoulos1, K. Ntampegliotis1, G. Papapolymerou1
1
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Applied Sciences of Thessaly, 41110,
Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Western Macedonia University of Applied
Sciences, 50100, Kozani, Western Macedonia, Greece

Safe management of industrial and municipal wastes with their beneficial utilization
in new ecofriendly applications is imperative nowadays. Mill scale waste (MS) in particular,
is the flaky surface of hot-rolled steel, a porous, hard and brittle coating of several distinct
layers of iron oxides (predominantly FeO and Fe3O4). It is formed in large quantities in steel
industry during the milling process from the rapid oxidization of the hot iron products. On the
other side, huge amounts of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) are daily produced. In the
present research, the incorporation of MS (6%) and MSS (3% and 6%) as admixtures into
clay-based ceramic manufacturing by applying extrusion and sintering (950o C) processes is
investigated. For, that purpose, clay brick specimens were produced and their physical and
mechanical properties were determined and studied as a function of the % MS and MSS
content, while emissions during firing and leachability of the materials obtained were also
evaluated. The experimental results show that the incorporation of MSS into clay-based

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Belgrade, Serbia

bricks containing MS is feasible. In fact, ceramic thermal insulation is slightly improved

whereas the mechanical performance only slightly deteriorates. It should be emphasized that a
specific experimental study carried out during sintering showed zero emission of dangerous
pollutants. Moreover, standard leaching tests conducted predicted negligible quantities of
dangerous leachate elements, indicating the effective encapsulation of heavy metals in the
ceramic matrix, towards environmentally friendly ceramic materials.

OR-REHA1
Copmarative analysis of mortars from the archeological sites Gamzigrad
(Romuliana) and Caričin Grad for the purpose of making compatible
repair mortars

Gordana A.Topličić-Ćurčić 1, Vojislav V. Mitić , 2, 3, Ana J.Momčilović-Petronijević, 4,

Dragan M. Đorđević5, Dušan Z. Grdić 6, Nenad Ristić7
1
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nis, Serbia
2
University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Nis, Serbia
3
Serbian Academy of Science and Art, Institute of Technical Sciences, Serbia
4
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNis, Serbia
5
University of Nis, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Niš, Serbia
6
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nis, Serbia,
7
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nis, Serbia

The paper presents a comparative analysis of mortars found at two significant

archeological sites in Serbia. Specifically, those are Gamzigrad (Romuliana) near Zajecar and
the archeological site Caricin Grad near Leskovac. In the previous papers, we dealst with the
characterization of mortars from both sites. It was the first examination of mortars from both
locations. The comparative analysis of mortars was performed based on the data obtained by
testing physical-mechanical properties such as: water absorption, porosity, gravity and
specific mass. Mineralogical composition (both quantitative and qualitative) was obtained
based on XRD / XRF and SEM/EDS analyses. The comparative analyses of the mortar
obtained from the mentioned archeological sites indicated that mortars from both locations
contained grains of river aggregate, crushed limestone aggregate and crushed masonry bricks.
The share percentage varied. Regarding the binder, the mortar from the Gamzigrad
(Romuliana) site had limestone used for the binder, while the mortar from the Caricin Grad
site had clay and powdered masonry bricks. The obtained results of mortar analysis pave the
way for further research with an aim of making repair mortars.

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

P1
The use of the nanomaterials and nanotechnology in forensic science
Ana S. Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic

Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, P.O. Box 390,
Franche d’Esperey Street 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Nanotechnology is beginning to have an impact on the handling of evidence at crime

scenes, its analysis in the laboratory and its presentation in the court room. This article aims
to highlight some of the major advances in Forensic Science brought about by
Nanotechnology but is not exhaustive of the subject matter. Nano forensics is a new
discipline that is related to the development of nanosensors as well as the monitoring of
terrorist activities, where it is necessary to detect the presence of explosive gas, biological or
chemical reagents. In this paper, based the literature data, are presented the most recent
research in the field of nanotechnology, as well as the application of nanomaterials in
criminology. Their use has yielded very positive results in the processes of identification and
characterization of different materials, from the places of crime.

P2
The determination of microstructural parameters of Ba/Ca-, Pb- and Sr-
feldspar by using the X-ray powder diffraction analysis
Ana S. Radosavljević-Mihajlović1, Anja Dosen2, Goran V. Janic3
1
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, P.O. Box 390,
Franche d’Esperey Street 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
2
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Materials Engineering,
Brasile
3
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12,
P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

In the process of the characterization of ceramic materials, very important part is the
determination of microstructural parameters. For determination are used the different method:
the powder X-ray diffraction on polycrystalline sample, the single crystal X-ray diffraction
method, SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM method-a (transmiosioni electron
microscope). In this paper are presented the results of microstructural analysis, obtained by
X-ray diffraction on polycrystalline sample and using the crystallographic software FullProf.
The microstructural parameters are determined on the basis of refined structures of Ba/Ca
feldspar, Pb-feldspar and Sr feldspar.

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

P3
Crystal of SR-Feldspar obtained by Rirtveld analysis
Ana S. Radosavljević-Mihajlović1, Goran V. Janjic2
1
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, P.O. Box 390,
Franche d’Esperey Street 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
2
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12,
P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Monoclinic Sr feldspar has been prepared from Sr-LTA zeolite precursor.The crystal
structures of Sr-feldspar are solved and refined using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data
by Rietveld method. The crystal structure of Sr-feldspar is refined in the space group I2/c and
results indicate ordering distribution of Si and Al (unit cell parameters is a = 8.365, b =
12.944 c=14.229 Å and agreement factors: Rexp= 15.3 Rp=19.9, Rwp=19.0, RB=15.0 RF=4.08).
The microsturcural parameters size and strain, are determine with two crystalographic
program Breadth and Fullprof.

P4
Characterization of optical polymer composites based on single crystals
Hana Ibrahim Elswie1, 2, Zorica Ž. Lazarević3, Vesna Radojević2
1
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Science, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
3
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia

In this work the possibility of synthesis of optical active composites with improved
mechanical, thermal properties and functionality was investigated. Composites with a
polymer matrix based on single crystals have great potential in the field of optical
communication systems where active micro to nano crystals dispersed in an optically
transparent matrix. Synthesis and characterization of nano to micro modified polymer
composites on the basis of single crystal are performed. CaF2 single crystals in diameter of 20
mm are obtained by the vertical Bridgman method in vacuum. Composite films PMMA-CaF2
was obtained with preserved optical properties of single crystals, whereas the thermal and
mechanical properties improved. Composite films PMMA-CaF2 was obtained with preserved
optical properties of single crystals, whereas the thermal and mechanical properties improved.
For characterization composite films were used the following methods: DSC, Raman
spectroscopy, FTIR and nanoindentation test. Results od DSC analysis for composite films
PMMA-CaF2 revealed that the thermal propertis od polymer was improved by embeding
inorganic particles. Tg for composit was higher the for pure polymer. FTIR spectrum of
composites there are well defined peaks for PMMA and some of the vibration modes of Ca–F
bond at 671 cm-1. This means that CaF2 crystals in the composite have been identified and
that no other bounds with PMMA were created during the processing. The Raman spectra of
CaF2 single crystal, PMMA and the composites revelaed all modes found are well matched
with literatures. By addition of 1% and 2% CaF2 crystals can be seen the peaks are the same
as in the spectrum of PMMA. The intensity of these peaks in the composite is about 364, 481,

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September 18-20, 2017, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35,
Belgrade, Serbia

600, 812 and 964 cm-1. It was also noted a sharp peak at 323 cm-1 which is characteristic of
CaF2. A weak band near 400 cm-1 in possibly be (C O C) in spectrum of the PMMA and
the composites 1% and 2% CaF2 with PMMA.

P5
Electrical properties of doped BaTiO3 Ceramics
Miloš Đorđević1, Vesna Paunović1, Vojislav V.Mitić1,2, Zoran Prijić1, Miloš Marjanović1
1
University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia

The electrical resistivity () and PTCR (Positive Temperature Coefficient of

Resistivity) effect doped BaTiO3 ceramics with different dopant were investigated in this
paper, The content of additive in doped samples were ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 at% Er/Yb. The
samples were prepared by a conventional solid state sintering procedure and sintered at
1320
for 4 hours. For samples doped with Er2O3 (0.01 at% Er/Yb), SEM analysis shows
abnormal grain growth with the average size range between 20 µm - 40 μm. For samples
doped with Yb2O3 the average size was from 30 µm - 50 μm. With increase of dopants
concentration the average grain size decreases, and for samples doped with 1.0 at% Er/Yb,
grain size range between 3 m - 20 m for samples doped with Er and between 1 m - 10 m
for samples doped with Yb2O3. The specific electrical resistance were measured in
temperature range from 25°C to 170°C at different frequencies, ranged from 100Hz to 1MHz.
To a temperature of 120°C, resistance has a slight increase with increasing of temperature,
but above this temperature the resistance rapidly increasing. The value of the specific
electrical resistance decreases with increasing concentration of Er/Yb, reached the minimum
at certain dopant content (0.5 at% Er/Yb), then increased rapidly with dopant content in high
doping level.

P6
Application of Curcumin in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Stefan Ilic, Vesna Paunović
1
University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Niš, Serbia

Dye-sensitized solar cells are the closest mankind has come to replicating nature’s
photosynthesis. The type of a dye influence the efficiency of these cells. In this paper we
studied curcumin dye as sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells and compared him with mostly
used cyanidin. The results have shown that curcumin has higher efficiency and higher
absorption in the visible part of the spectrum compared to cyanidin. Model dye molecules,
curcumin and cyanidin, are deprotonated upon adsorption on the titanium dioxide surface.
The energy levels obtained from the calculation indicate a higher probability of electron
transition from molecule to titanium dioxide surface in the case of curcumin than in the case
of cyanidin. Based on these results, we concluded that curcumin dye has better properties as
sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells.

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Belgrade, Serbia

P7
Facile synthesis of hydrophilic polymer-capped upconverting NaYF4:
Yb,Er particles
Ivana Dinic1, Lidija Mancic2, Marko G. Nikolic3, Katarina Radulovic4, Bojan A.
Marinkovic5, Olivera Milosevic1
1
Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Photonic Center, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Belgrade,
Serbia
4
Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and
Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
5
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio
de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Over the last decade, solvothermal decomposition of organometallic compounds has

been indicated as one of the most convenient method for the synthesis of monodisperse
lanthanide doped upconverting fluorides. Due to their hydrophobic nature such particles
could not be used for a conjugation of the molecular targeting agents which is necessary for
optical imaging of biological tissues.In this work, hydrophilic NaYF4:Yb,Er (17 mol% Yb; 3
mol% Er) nanoparticles were synthesized by facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis performed
with a help of chitosan (CS) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Obtained powders were analyzed
by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-
SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The
obtained results implied that particle size, shape and surface characteristics are dependent on
the polymer choice. Although both powders crystallize in the same crystal arrangement
(cubic, Fm-3m) more intense red emission, assigned to the Er3+ 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 electronic
transitions, characterize spherical NaYF4:Yb,Er@CS particles. To asses a biological safety of
their use, viability of the human gingival fibroblasts (HFG) was additionally tested by a
colorimetric MTT assay.

P8
Al,Fe,Ni-pillared bentonite in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of textile dye
Acid Yellow 99
T. Mudrinić, M. Ajduković, D. Jovanović, S. Marinović, Z. Mojović, A. Milutinović-Nikolić,
P. Banković

University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy

Center for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

In this work catalytic performance of Al,Fe and Al,Fe,Ni-pillared bentonite was

studied in the heterogeneous catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of textile dye Acid
Yellow 99 used as a model compound. Pillared bentonites were synthesized using the
bentonite from Mečji Do, Serbia and the pillaring solutions contained the different molar
ratios of Al3+, Fe3+ and Ni2+ cations: a) 90 % Al, 10% Fe (AlFe10-PILC), b) 85% Al, 10% Fe,

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Belgrade, Serbia

5% Ni (AlFe10Ni5-PILC), and c) 90 % Al, 5% Fe, 5% Ni (AlFe5Ni5-PILC). The XRD,

chemical and FTIR analysis and nitrogen physisorption at -196ºC were used for the
characterization of the obtained samples. All results of the characterization confirmed
successful pillaring. Degree of decolorization of dye containing aqueous solution was
monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The experiments were performed using solution with
initial concentration of 50 mg dm-3 at 60 °C with respect to the catalyst and H2O2 amount.
The catalytic degradation for all investigated catalysts followed the first order kinetics.
Among the investigated materials AlFe10Ni5-PILC was found to be the most promising one
for CWPO of AY99. These investigation are proof of concept that Al,Fe,Ni-pillared bentonite
are applicable in CWPO.

P9
Radioadaptive irradiation combined with radiosensitising effects of gold
nanoparticles on the healthy and cancer human lung cell lines
Vesna Kojić1, Dimitar Jakimov1, Natasa Vucinic2, Igor Djan1, Ivana Borišev3, Danica Jović3,
Igor Medić3, Aleksandar Djordjevic3
1
Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
2
Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 11, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences,
University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Many substances and materials have been reported to be radiosensitizers, some of

which are gold nanoparticles GNP, too. Studies have shown that the presence of GNP
increases the production of electrons and free radicals. Generally, radiosensitising with GNP
depends on the nanoparticles’ size, shape, ζ potential, and coating. The aim of this study was
to investigate the optimal combination of radioadaptive irradiation with GNP on the healthy
human lung fibroblast cell lines (MRC5) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A542). Also
we examined potential synergistic effects between coating of GNP with β-cyclodextrine
(βCD) and designed modality of irradiation. Gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles-CD
were measured in order to determine their size distribution and -potential. The influence of
different irradiation regimes on the survival of cells (viability) was determined using MTT
assay.

P10
Hybrid macroporous polymer/clay nanocomposites
Bojana M. Marković1, Ivan S. Stefanović1, Zorica Vuković1, Aleksandra Nastasović1
1
University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12,
Belgrade, Serbia

Hybrid polymer/nanocomposites are a new class of materials that consist of polymer

matrix and clay nanoparticles as the dispersed phase. The aim of this work was to obtain
macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)/clay
nanocomposites p(GEM-NC) with different porosity and morphology.

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Belgrade, Serbia

Macroporous p(GEM) copolymer and two nanocomposite p(GEM-NC) samples with

different clay content (2 and 5 wt.%) were synthesized by in situ suspension
copolymerization. Nanocomposite samples were reinforced with organomodified
montmorillonite clay Cloisite 30B (C30B). Structure, porosity and surface chemistry of the
p(GEM) and p(GEM-NC) samples were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS)
and mercury porosity.
The results show the synthesized p(GEM-NC) have improved textural, structural and
morphological properties in comparison with pure macroporous p(GEM) copolymer. The
incorporation of C30B in p(GEM) was confirmed by FTIR and SEM/EDS analysis. Also, it
was shown that the higher clay content significantly influences the p(GEM-NC) porosity
parameters (i.e. specific surface area, specific volume and pore diameter).

P11
Surface properties of Ni/BCY15 cermet anodes obtained by deposition wet-
reduction
D. Nikolova1, M. Gabrovska1, A. Tsanev3, E. Mladenova2, D. Vladikova2, S. Rakovsky1,
Z. Stoynov2
1
Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bldg. 11, 1113
Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Acad. Evgeni Budevski Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bldg. 10, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
3
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G.
Bonchev str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

ABO3 perovskite structured materials as Y-doped barium cerate (BaCe1-xYxO3−δ), are

of particular interest because of their high proton conductivity and excellent chemical
stability under reduced fuel cell environment in conducting solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFC).
Metallic Ni has been extensively used to improve the electrocatalytic properties of pSOFC
cermet anode and to ensure the necessary electronic conductivity.
Metallic Ni nanoparticles are added to BaCe0.85Y0.15O2.925 (BCY15) ceramic matrix by
deposition wet-reduction approach in aqueous and non-aqueous medium. Strong interaction
between support (BCY15 electrolyte) and metallic Ni is expected. The surface properties are
examined applying N2 sorption and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques.
N2-physisorption analysis unveils preservation of the ceramic BCY15 matrix after
incorporation of nickel and filling of the support pores by creation of the new mesopore
system. The transition-metal Ni in the Ni/BCY15 cermet is doped on the Ce-sites confirmed
by XPS data.

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Belgrade, Serbia

P12
Synthesis of hierarchically structured Y2O3:Eu3*@ Ag nanocomposites with
plasmon enhanced luminesencence via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
G. Alkan1, B. Friedrich1, L. Mančić2, O. Milošević2
1
IME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, Intzestraße 3, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova
35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Y2O3:Eu3+@Ag nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by ultrasonic

spray pyrolysis (USP) and examined to reveal effects of surface plasmon resonance,
associated to silver nanoparticles, to the luminescence efficiency of Y2O3: Eu3+ red-emitting
phosphors. Various Ag concentrations (1, 2.5 and 5 wt. %) and heat-treatment regimes (as
prepared, 2h, 12h) were applied to understand how size and distribution of the Ag
nanoparticles affect the luminescence efficiency. Samples were characterized by TEM,
XRPD and STEM to evaluate crystal structure and distribution of Eu3+ in Y2O3 matrix. In
terms of Y, O and Eu ions, uniform distribution was observed in the particles interior, while
the Ag is present at the particles surface showing that USP is feasible for synthesis of
hierarchically organized Y2O3:Eu3+@Ag. In the case of higher Ag concentration, a deviation
from uniform and finely distributed Ag nanoparticles on Y2O3:Eu3+ surface was detected
having detrimental effect to the plasmon enhanced luminescence. Regardless from silver
concentrations, all heat treated samples exhibited superior luminescence with respect to as-
prepared ones, while decrease of luminescence efficiency was detected with the increase of
Ag concentration. The most intense red luminescence at 612 nm which is due Eu3+ 5D0→7F2
transition was observed in Y2O3:Eu3+@Ag system for sample with 1wt% Ag, annealed for 12
hours.

P13
Microwave assisted synthesis of onion-like carbon
Jelena Jovanović1, Filip Marinković2, Mihajlo Gigov3, Borivoj Adnađević1
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade
118, PAC 105305, Serbia
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
3
Mining institute Ltd. Belgrade, Batajnički put 2, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia

Onion-like carbon (OLC) is specific allotropic form of carbon which is expected to

achieve wide application in many fields such as solid lubricant materials, electron sources,
electromagnetic shields, catalysts in fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, etc. Until now, OLC
were prepared using chemical vapour deposition (CVD), arc discharge, laser ablation, etc. A
novel procedure for OLC synthesis is developed which is based on solid-phase interaction of
the carbohydrate precursor and susceptor of microwave energy. The effects of the type and
quantity of precursor and susceptor in reaction mixture, reaction mixture weight, power of
microwave field and interaction time on the yield of OLC are investigated. Characterization
of the resultant product was done by ordinary used techniques such as X-ray diffractometry,

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Belgrade, Serbia

FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy. Based on

the obtained results it was concluded that: i) Microwave assisted synthesis is effective and
fast method for OLC production and ii) the optimal syntheses conditions are found to be:
carbohydrate precursor is naphthalene, susceptor of microwave energy is carbon molecular
sieve, weight ratio precursor to susceptor is 1 to 2, microwave power 300 W, reaction time 3
minutes.

P14
Preparation of cordierite-based adsorbents for water purification
Nina Obradović1, Darko Kosanović1, Suzana Filipović1, Jelena Rusmirović2,
Aleksandar Marinković3, Danka Radić4, Vladimir Pavlović1,4
1
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Innovation center, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11120
Belgrade, Serbia
3
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
4
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

In this study, porous cordierite-based ceramics was synthesized. In the first step,
MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2 (all Aldrich, p.a.) were used. MgO and Al2O3 powders were calcined
at 1000 oC for 2 h, in order to avoid hydroxides. They were mixed in 2:2:5 molar ratio, in
order to form cordierite, Mg2Al4Si5O18. Ethanol was added to the mixture, and then milled in
a Fritsch Pulverisette planetary mill, with 300 rpm, in air atmosfere. Times of activation were
0, 10, 40, and 80 min, while balls and vessels were made from ZrO2, and powder to balls
mass ratio was 40:1. After milling, powders were dried, and then pressed under 3 t/cm2.
Pallets with 8 mm radius were sintered in air at 1350 oC, for 2 h, heating rate was 20 oC/min.
Sintered samples were crashed and sieved.
In the secons step, the as-prepared cordierite was mixed with 20 wt.% yeast (0.1 g
yeast + 0.4 g cordierite per sample). The other mixture was with 20 wt.% nanocellulose (0.1 g
NC + 0.4 g cordierite per sample). Both mixtures were pressed into pallets under 5 t/cm2 and
sintered at 700 oC, with 5 oC/min heating rate, in air atmosfere.
During the second sintering regime, porous cordierite-based ceramics was obtained.
The phase composition of the sintered samples as well as microstructures was analyzed by the
means of X-ray diffraction method and SEM. Cordierite was the most abundant phase in all
sintered samples. It was observed that addition of different pore-forming agent resulted in
significantly different microstructures.

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P15
Tartrazine azo-dye degradation using Co-impregnated Al-pillared clay and
Oxone: influence of temperature
S. Marinović1, Tihana Mudrinić1, Ana Ivanović-Šašić1, Bojana Nedić-Vasiljević2, Nataša
Jović-Jovičić1, Dušan Jovanović1, Predrag Banković1
1
University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center for
Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
2
University of Belgrade – Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

Heterogneous Fenton-like reaction is one of the most efficient solutions for the
degradation of organic pollutants in water. A variant of this reaction involves the application
of Oxone reagent, based on potassium peroxymonosulfate. Oxone, in conjunction with cobalt,
is the source of sulfate radicals. These radicals are very efficient oxidants because of their
high standard reduction potential at neutral pH.
In this work Co-impregnated Al-pillared clay (CoAP2) was used as heterogeneous
catalyst in the degradation of Tartrazine azo-dye in aqueous solutions. For this purpose, Na-
montmorillonite source clay from Wyoming, USA, with particle diameters of up to 2×10-6 m
was submitted to pillaring with aluminium (Keggin ions) and subsequent impregnation with
Co(NO3)2 followed by calcination. Morphological and textural characterization as well as
phase and chemical characterization were performed on the obtained material.
Catalytic degadation of Tartrazine using CoAP2 and Oxone was investigated with
respect to reaction temperature in the range from 30–70 °C and monitored using UV-Vis
spectroscopy. The obtained spectra indicated that solution decolorization was efficient.
Increasing temperature increased decolorization efficiency, and led to the degradation of the
dye, the formation and subsequent disappearance of different reaction products. The catalyst
showed to be stable under investigated conditions.

P16
Bioactive scaffolds based on doped hydroxyapatite powders
Željko Radovanović1, Djordje Veljović2, Kata Trifković1, Suzana Dimitrijević-Branković2,
Rada Petrović2, Đorđe Janaćković2
1
University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
Belgrade, Serbia
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia

Modified hydroxyapatite (HAp) with desirable antibacterial properties and high

biocompatibility is of great interest in many biomedical applications. Four different HAp
powders were hydrothermally obtained by adding of Si4+, Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions at 160 °C,
and labeled as HAp, Si-HAp, AgCuSi-HAp and AgZnSi-HAp. The powders were
additionally calcinated at 1100 and 1150 °C and further used in synthesis of scaffolds by
replica foam technic. The scaffolds sintered at 1300 and 1400 °C were placed in SBF for 14
days and then characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron

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Belgrade, Serbia

microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analyses
confirmed the presence of new, well developed HAp crystals on the surface of scaffolds after
incubation in SBF as a proof of their excellent bioactivity. The mechanical properties of
scaffolds and their antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
aureus were also investigated. In spite of less satisfactory results of mechanical testing, the
antimicrobial activity was significant, especially in the case of scaffold obtained from
AgCuSi-HAp powder.

P17
Synthesis of BaFe12O19-BaTiO3 multiferroics by mechanical activation
O. Kosić1, D. Kosanović2, V. Ranđelović-Ćirić1, A. Maričić1, D. M. Minić3
1
Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000
Belgrade, Serbia
3
Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

A mixture of polycrystalline powders of Fe (70 % wt.) and BaTiO3 (30 % wt.) was
ball-milled in a planetary mill under air atmosphere, for different time intervals: 60, 120, 180,
240, 300 and 360 min. During the mechanical activation, the powder was exposed to oxygen
from the air, resulting in formation of iron oxides: FeO and then Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.
XRD and SEM analyses of the activated powders revealed that the weight fraction of
the iron oxides in the mixture and microcrystal size depend on the activation time. For the
powders activated for different time intervals, average crystallite size (Dhkl), dislocation
density (ρn) and average microcrystal size of BaTiO3 and Fe were determined. In order to
investigate the influence of thermally induced structural changes on magnetic properties, the
change of magnetic properties of the pressed activated powders during multiple heating in a
magnetic field of 10KA/m was measured. Maximum magnetization of the samples was
reached after heating at 620 K.
Pressed powder samples were sintered at temperatures of 1100 oC and 1200 oC for 2h
giving the different phase diagrams. The samples sintered at 1100 oC include BaTiO3,
BaFe12O19 and BaFeO2,67 as the dominant components. The samples sintered at 1200 oC
containing only two components, BaTiO3 and BaFe12O19, exhibited pronounced
ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties.

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Belgrade, Serbia

P18
Influence of synthesis parameters and thermal treatment on functional
properties of Fe3O4-BaTiO3 multiferroics obtained by mechanical
activation
M. Vasić1, O. Kosić2, D. Kosanović3, A. Maričić2, D. M. Minić1
1
Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
3
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000
Belgrade, Serbia

Mechanical activation of a mixture of polycrystalline powders Fe3O4 (50% wt.) and

BaTiO3 (50% wt.) was performed in a planetary ball-mill, with different milling times (3 h, 6
h and 12 h). Average crystallite size determined by XRD analysis ranges from 12 to 30 nm,
depending on the milling time.
The activated powders were pressed into disc-shaped samples, 8 mm in diameter and
1.5 mm thick, applying the pressure of 500 MPa,. Thermoelectric measurements conducted in
the temperature range from room temperature to 350 oC revealed that the electrical resistivity
of the sample depends on temperature and activation time. At room temperature, the
maximum value of specific electrical resistivity (ρ0 = 1 MΩm) was observed for the sample
obtained by pressing the powder activated for 6 h.
Magnetic properties of pressed powder samples were studied using a modified
Faraday method. At room temperature, the pressed powder activated for 3 h exhibited the
maximum value of magnetization, M0= 0.86 Am2/kg. Multiple heating of the pressed
samples, for 10 min, was performed in a magnetic field of 20 KA/m. After cooling, the
highest magnetization values were observed for the samples previously heated at 380 oC,
while the maximum one (M’= 1.04 Am2/kg) corresponds to the sample activated for 3 h.

P19
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
COMPOSITES MADE WITH EXPANDED CLAY AND EXPANDED
GLASS
Dragica Lj. Jevtić1, Aleksandar R. Savić2
1
Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra
73, 11000 Beograd, SERBIA
2
Assistant professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja
Aleksandra 73, 11000 Beograd, SERBIA

The results of experimental tests, conducted on Self-compacting concrete (SCC) made

with lightweight aggregate and fly ash, will be presented in this paper. Two types of
lightweight aggregate were used, namely expanded clay and expanded glass (also known as
"poraver"). These series were made with the quantity of cement ranging from 421 kg/m3 up to
550 kg/m3. Three series of samples with expanded clay were made, with the constant quantity

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Belgrade, Serbia

of cement (mc = 550 kg/m3), and different contents of fly ash (40% to 65% relative to the
weight of cement). Expanded clay was separated into two fractions (0/5 and 5/10 mm).
Furthermore, three series of SCC with expanded glass were made, with various replacement
amounts of cement with fly ash (from 30% to 52 % of the cement mass). The used "poraver"
was separated into four sub-fractions (0/0.04, 0.2/0.7, 0.1/0.3, 2/4 mm), and it served as a
partial replacement of the river aggregate of the same grain size. Test results showed that
SCC concrete with lightweight aggregate have all properties of self-compactibility (slump
flow app. 750 mm) and bulk density lower than 1650 kg/m3. The presented composites
showed a satisfactory compressive strength (app. 30 MPa) and durability proven by water
permeability.

P20
The influence of the nano-TiO2 addition on the process of sintering
magnesium oxide obtained from seawater at a temperature of 1500 oC
J. Jakić, M. Labor, V. Martinac

Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia

This study has examined the process of sintering of MgO samples (80 % precipitation)
obtained from seawater at a temperature of 1500 ºC in order to determine the influence of
nano-TiO2 on their properties (density, porosity), chemical composition and microstructural
characteristics after sintering. The magnesium oxide samples were prepared by rinsing of the
Mg(OH)2 precipitate with the combined rinsing method (2+3) (rinsing 2 times with distilled
water of pH of 5.88 and 3 times with alkalized distilled water of pH of 12.50) in the process
of decantation, and 5 times with fresh distilled water of pH of 5.88 on filter paper. The results
indicate that the method of rinsing of the magnesium hydroxide precipitate significantly
affect the chemical composition of samples, primarily with regard to the CaO and B 2O3
content. Further, the process of sintering of magnesium oxide and the influence of the nano-
TiO2 addition (ω = 1, 2 and 5%) on its properties and microstructure at sintering temperatures
of 1500 (1 h) was examined. SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the formation of periclase grain
and its direct bonding. CaTiO3 and MgTiO4 are separated in the form of a thin layer over the
periclase grain boundary surface during cooling. Microstructure of the MgO samples with the
addition of nano-TiO2 becomes more compact which have positive influence on porosity and
density of the samples.

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Belgrade, Serbia

P21
Optical properties of the mechanochemically synthesized Cu2FeSnS4
(stannite) nanocrystals
J. Trajic1, M. Romcevic1, M. Petrovic1, M. Gilic1, N. Paunovic1, P. Balaz2, A. Zorkovska2,
N. Romcevic1
1
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 043 53 Kosice, Slovakia

The Cu2FeSnS4 stannite nanocrystals were synthesized mechanochemically from

elemental precursors Cu, Fe, Sn, and S. Milling time was 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The milling
time influence on synthesis stannite Cu2FeSnS4 was observed. We used X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Raman and far-infrared spectroscopy to characterize the crystal structure and
compositional purity of Cu2FeSnS4 nanoparticles. The detailed analysis of the experimental
spectra has allowed us to determine the frequency and symmetry assignment of the main and
weaker peaks. Among the peaks that are characteristic for the stannite Cu2FeSnS4, we
registered the modes of binary phases of FeS and SnS. Intensities of FeS and SnS modes
decreases while the milling time increase. The total disappearance of the mode originated
from SnS binary phase is observed after 60 min milling time, and FeS modes when the
milling time is longer than 90 min. Absence of those modes excluded the presence of FeS and
SnS binary phases, which indicates that after 90 minutes milling time pure stannite
Cu2FeSnS4 is synthesized. Contrary the modes originated from the binary phases FeS and
SnS, intensities of the modes originated from Cu2FeSnS4 increases while milling time
increases.

P22
A rapid method for preliminary evaluation of nitrate content during
desalination of building materials
Snežana Vučetić1, Eva Lončar1, Bojan Miljević1, John Milan van der Bergh1, Snežana
Pašalić2, Jonjaua Ranogajec1
1
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bul. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia

Currently available methods for measurement of nitrate (NO3-) content are either time
consuming or require specific equipment. The idea of our work was to use infrared
spectroscopy with Fourier transformation (FTIR technique) for a preliminary assessment of
nitrate content. This technique includes direct testing of powders from masonry structures
without any special preparation with the duration of measurement of 1.5 min per sample.
The FTIR technique was successfully applied during the development of biocleaning
poultices for nitrate reduction in the affected cultural heritage objects. A large number of
samples (at different heights and depths of the brick models and masonry structure) was
needed. The implementation of a rapid screening method for measuring the nitrate content
(i.e. FTIR) presented an important step. The gained spectra recorded in ATR mode were

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Belgrade, Serbia

mathematically processed by integration of the peak area characteristic for nitrates and by
measuring the ratio of intensity of the characteristic peaks.
The results from the fast FTIR technique and those obtained by a slow and demanding
UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique were compared. This showed that the proposed
mathematical analysis of the FTIR spectra gave the same trend of quantitative results as the
UV-Vis results, promising to be a useful tool for preliminary investigation of nitrate content
in powdered materials.

P23
Synthesis and Characterization of Multifferoics
16%(Fe2O3)4%(BaCO3)80%(BaTiO3)
R. Lazarević1, D. Kosanović2, V. Pavlović2, S. Đukić1, A. Maričić1
1
Joint Laboratory for Advanced Materials of SASA, Section for Amorphous Systems, Faculty
of Technical Sciences Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Svetog Save 65, 32 000 Čačak,
Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova
35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

The initial powder (16 % Fe2O3, 4 % BaCO3, 80 % BaTiO3) was mechanically

activated in a planetary mill for 20, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 220 minutes in air. Modified
Faraday method was used to perform magnetization measurements of compressed activated
powder. The value of magnetization of these samples increases with increase in time of
activation from 0.77 Am2kg-1 to 1.74 Am2kg-1. Thermomagnetic measurements in 20-600 oC
temperature interval was used to investigate the dependence of magnetization on temperature.
Multiple heating cycles of the sample activated for 120 min shows that after heating to 540 oC
and 600 oC the value of magnetization increases 17 % and 62 %, respectively. Compressed
powder samples were sintered for 2 hours at 1200 oC, leading to an increase in magnetization
of 81 to 123 %. Thermomagnetic measurements of sintered samples in 20-450 oC temperature
interval shows that sintered samples possess both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties.
The relative dielectric constant of sintered samples at room temperature is around 8x104,
depending on mechanical activation time.

P24
Tetramethylammonium-smectites as nicotine adsorbents
N. Jović-Jovičić, I. Ilić2, S. Marinović, M. Ajduković, T. Mudrinić, Z. Mojović, A.
Milutinović-Nikolić
1
University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy Center for
Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute of General and Physical Chemistry – Studentski trg 12/V, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Nicotine i.e. (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine is an alkaloid present mostly in

tobacco, used for cigarette production and consequently in wastewaters obtained during
tobacco manufacturing. The adsorption, as wastewater purification method, is among widely

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Belgrade, Serbia

used methods. New class of hybrid nanomaterials based obtained of intercalation of

tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations into clay minerals, i.e. smectite, potentially could be
effective adsorbents due to their organic-inorganic interfaces. Therefore the influence of
TMA loading on adsorption properties of nanocomposite toward nicotine was investigated.
The series of nanocomposites with different TMA:smectite ratios was synthesized and
characterized by XRD and low temperature nitrogen physisorption. The nanocomposites with
intercalated TMA into smectite in pillared arrangements with highly developed porous
structure were found to be the most efficient adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms of nicotine
were fitted with different models and the Langmuir isotherm model showed the best
agreement with experimental data.

P25
Synthesis and characterization of SrY2O4:Eu3+ nanoparticles for potential
application in solar cells
Vesna Lojpur

Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, University in Belgrade,
Serbia

Here in this work, SrY2O4 with different concentration of Eu3+ nanoparticles (0.25,
0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 at%) were investigated for the purpose of application in solar cells.
Nanoparticles were obtained with citrate sol-gel method using glycine as a fuel. The samples
was burned in the furnace at 500 °C for 1.5h and then finally calcined for 2.5h at 1000 °C.
Solar cell was made using ITO conductive glass; composite film that consisted of
SrGd2O4:Eu3+ nanoparticles and hypericine as a natural dye, electrolyte (0.5M KI + 0.05M I2)
and aluminum as a counter electrode. Layer was deposited by spraying technique and had a
thickness of 1µm. Characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescent measurements (PL) and Current-Voltage (I-V)
measurements. The solar cell was investigated at very low light (5% of sun), low light (35%
of sun) and at Standard test conditions (1 sun) with different light distribution. Whole cell
surface was 7.5 cm2 while illuminated part was 3 cm2.

P26
Determination of pigments using the SEM-EDS method for the restoration
and conservation of art painting
Vojkan M. Miljković1, Maja Vujović1, Maja Stanković2, Milena N. Miljković2
1
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, Niš, Serbia
2
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia

The aim of this paper is to identify the pigments present in the samples of painting
colors that were applied in the production of a certain artistic painting.
Characterization, control and analysis of various materials (metals, ceramics,
semiconductors, polymers, etc.) can’t be imagined without knowing their microstructure and
microstructural constituents. Therefore, the techniques and methods for analyzing the

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microstructural characteristics of these materials are of exceptional importance. For such a

research, electronic methods are particularly present, and scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and energy dispersion electroscopy (EDS) are distinguished. Pigments are particles
that give opacity and color to the material in which they are dispersed. The structure and
shape of the particles strongly depend on the crystallinity of the pigment. The process of
sample preparation consisted of a thin film of gold depositing on a single surface of the
sample to make the sample transparent to the electron beam.
Elemental SEM-EDS analysis showed that oxide pigments (titanium oxides, iron,
aluminum, potassium, etc.) are predominantly represented in paint samples, which are
included in alumosilicate and sulfide pigments (sulfides of cadmium and arsenic). By
knowing these results, adequate restoration and further conservation of the artwork can be
carried out.

P27
Application of FTIR spectral analysis and SEM analysis for
characterization of clay modified with acid
Vojkan M. Miljković1, Maja Vujović1, Maja Stanković2, Staniša Stojiljković3,
Milan Jokanović1
1
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, Niš, Serbia
2
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
3
Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac, Serbia

The aim of this study is to test acid-activated clay modified with NaCMC. The reason
for this testing is possibility of application this material for the purpose of removing heavy
metals that are highly toxic and contaminate watercourses.
Acid activated clay was prepared by the treatment of crude clay with concentrated
HCl. 15 g bentonite clay was suspended in the beaker with 300 mL deionized water.
Afterwards NACMC was added in the quantity of 1 % of clay mass (0.15 g) (modified clay
GI), 3 % (GII) and 5 % (GIII) and then heating at 90 °C and mixing on rotary mixer (1-2 h). 5
mL of conc HCl was added dropwise. The probe was left overnight, and then filtered through
Buchner funnel on vacuum pump and rinsed with plenty of deionized water until the negative
reaction on chlorides. Modified clay was dried in the hothouse at 110 °C6 to constant weight,
left overnight and then smashed in the mortar. Before the addition of NaCMC pH was
9.2±0.1, while pH after the addition of NaCMC and HCl was 1.35±0.1.
Samples of carboxymethyl cellulose, modified clays (GI, GII, GIII) and unmodified
clay (G0) were recorded on FTIR spectrometer. Scanning was performed in the range of
wavelengths from 4000-400 cm-1 with the resolution 4 cm-1. SEM analysis of surface samples
was performed by scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM-5300, which is operated at a
working potential of 30 kV, and the depth of penetration of electron beam was 10 pm.
Characteristics of surface samples are observed at different magnifications (1000×, 2000×,
5000×). SEM-EDS analysis was performed using the same scanning microscope, but with the
detector (probe) Linx Analytical QX 2000b.
In FTIR spectra it is clearly visible the intensive band coming from deformational
vibration of Si-O bond, with maximums at 1033.27 cm-1, 1028.52 cm-1, 1037.13 cm-1 and
1019.46 cm-1 (characteristic for alumosilicates present in the clay). In spectra of GII and GIII,

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these bands are less pronounced, which means that sample GI contains mostly unmodified
carboxymethyl cellulose, although in the process of the preparation the least quantity of this
organic compound as a modifier of the surface and adsorption characteristics of clay was
used. SEM analysis of unmodified clay (5000× magnification) shows characteristic
morphology of clay minerals, i.e. platelet particles of different sizes. SEM analysis of GI
sample indicates lamellar particles with dominant fraction of 5-10 µm in diameter.
Microphotographs of GII sample show polyhedral crystals, which are more evident on SEM
analysis of GIII sample. We assumed these crystals originated from NaCl formed in the
reactions of HCl and sodium from NaCMC.

P28
Analytical method for hysteresis modelling of magnetic materials
applying labview software package
Jelena Orelj, Nebojša Mitrović

Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia

This study presents the realization of a new analytical model for major and minor
hysteresis loops of magnetic materials under LabVIEW software package.
In order to achieve better accuracy of the model, hysteresis loop was decomposed into
two segments. Each of segments was modeled by the corresponding analytical expression.
The advantage of the proposed model is small number of input parameters required to obtain
a very well agreement between measured and modelled hysteresis loops. Therefore, this
model is very comfortable for programming.
The LabVIEW realization was applied to simulate minor curves as well as major
hystersis curve of FeCo-2V alloy samples sintered in the range from 1300 °C to 1460 °C, 3.5
h in an protective atmosphere. Devices prepared from FeCo-2V alloy are usually exploited
under extreme conditions. Therefore, magnetic measurements and appropriate modelling
were performed in the operating frequency range from 5 Hz to 60 Hz. Common shapes as
well as anomalous shapes of these dynamic loops were successfully modelled.

P29
Fractals and ceramics materials characterization

S. Veljkovic1, N. Muncan1, M. Miljkovic3, V. Paunovic1, Lj. Kocic1,V. V. Mitic1,2

1
University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering RS-18000 Nis, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA Belgrade, Serbia
3
University of Nis, Center for Electron Microscopy, Nis, Serbia

Large part of powder based materials; especially ceramics are porous in more or less
percentage. For such materials, two separated spaces are present. The “positive” space is
made by grains or particles, while the “negative” space is “reserved” for pores. Formally
speaking, the bulk of material space, V can be written as an union of “positive” and
“negative” space which otherwise have no common points. Pores and grains share same

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surfaces, and since grains have fractal nature, with fractal interior and fractal boundary
surfaces, the pores also have fractal “walls”. This implies two conclusions: the pores should
be treated as the fractal objects, i.e., the objects having non-fractal interior, and fractal surface
with dimension equal to grain’s fractal dimension. Suppose that the morphology of materials
changes through time for the consideration process. By box counting methods fractal
dimension definition, it follows that three sintering phase formulae based on the union
described above, the sintering initial phase, the Frenkel formula takes corrected form
including fractal dimension value.
In this paper we applied four methods: Cube counting, Triangulation, Variance and
Power spectrum method. All of these are very important and quite a different then the other,
Ceramic Characterization Classic methods, what is opening new frontiers in material science
characterization.

P30
Ceramics in modern concept of national security
M. Stevanović, D. Đurđević

Academy of National Security, Belgrade, Serbia

Recent decades have brought new threats a change in national security concerns. Their
emergence imposed a need for new approaches in terms of adequate new tools and methods
to detect, identify, and neutralise them and also to provide the performance of the existing
components of national security system. The effective management and handling requires
new tools and methods to be smaller, highly integrated and ever more complex (National
Materials Advisory Board, 1999: 35-36). Today, the use of ceramics appears to be critical for
these tasks.
Characteristics such as light weight, low density, hardness, undetectability on metal
detectors make ceramics suitable for terrorist and surprise tactics. A ceramic layer in the body
armour is, theoretically, supposed to break up the bullet and a composite layer of fabrics, to
catch the bullet (Bengisu, 2001: 415). Its light weight makes it easy to wear and carry. A
ceramic knife, most often made of zirconium dioxide, is very hard and tough (Danzer et al.,
2013: 614), thus suitable for serious attacks.
Ceramic projectiles with coat of light metal disintegrate into particles upon impacting
a target which minimises their penetration capacity. Thus, they are not yet suitable for combat
bullets, but are suitable for crowd control. But, experiments indicate that composite ceramic
bullet can damage soft tissue after travelling over a 100 yards (Brogdon; Messmer, 2011:
216-217), and even ceramic targets (Yi et al., 2017: 298). What makes them a security risk is
that they are untraceable.
As far as firearms are concerned, the US Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988 makes it
illegal to manufacture, import, sell, ship, deliver, possess, transfer, or receive any firearm that
is not as detectable by walk-through metal detection as a security exemplar containing 105 g
of steel, or any firearm with major components that do not generate an accurate image before
standard airport imaging technology.
From the aspect of requirements for contemporary national security concepts,
ceramics, generally, offer at least three strategic comparative advantages: much lower density
than the super alloys, operate uncooled at extreme temperatures and higher resistance to wear

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and corrosion (Ashby, 2011) They thus offer significant weight savings, improved metallic
disk life, faster rotor response, and reduced containment requirements.
Ceramics function at 2400°C, with a melting point over 2500°C (Low; Sakka; Hu, 2013: 83).
This leads to increased power and lower specific fuel consumption, as well as lower
emissions.
Today’s ceramics are characterised by in-situ reinforced microstructure, giving high
strength, high fracture toughness, and high thermal shock resistance (Kita et al., 2013:256-
257). Their high Weibull modulus gives low variability and high predictability. Such
ceramics enable combination of miniature mechanical structures, microelectronics, and
massive parallel architectures, like in the case microelectromechanical systems of an
integrated chip or single substrate (Maluf; Williams, 2002: 233-235). These allow merging of
sensing, computation, actuation and control in a single device.
From the aspect of vital values, modern national security concepts rely on the effects
of implementation of some advantages offered by modern ceramics: increased strength and
stiffness and reduced weight of composites; alloys for better quality and less expensive
equipment, small, thin and light products that operate under low voltage; high thermal
insulation and wear-resistant properties.
Firstly, these characteristics find their application in semiconductor gas sensors;
bulletproof vests and infrared night vision devices; packaging functions: distribution of power
in and out of device; communicate signals through and outside the device; dissipation of heat;
to protect from heat, moisture and radiation.
Secondly, ceramics improve energy economy and reduction of emissions,
consequently, increasing power capabilities and reducing logistical support, which contributes
to environmental security.
Thirdly, ceramics offer possibilities which enable advances in tools and procedures
applied in the field of renewable energy, tools for sensing environment.
These aspects of exploiting the possibilities of ceramics offer commercial prospects,
but their significance for vital national values indicates a need for developments in ceramics
on the coordinated national level.

P31
The activation time and heat impact on the magnetic properties of
nanostructural powder 85,8%Ni 10,6%Fe 2,2%Cu 1,4%W
A. Kalezić-Glišović, N. Stojanović, A. Maričić

Joint Laboratory for Advanced Materials of SASA, Section for Amorphous Materials, Faculty of
Technical Sciences Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Svetog Save 65, 32 000 Čačak, Serbia

The mechanical activation of the mixture of polycrystal powders 85,8% Ni, 10,6% Fe, 2,2%
Cu and 1,4% W in the time intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 minutes resulted in the
formation of nanocrystal powder of the same content. XRD analysis determined the dimensions
of the crystalite, the size of microstrains and minimum density of dislocations for the Ni phase of
activated powders. It has been shown that with the increase in the activation time the dimensions
of the crystalites decrease, whereas the size of microstrains and minimum density of dislocations
rise. DSC method was used to test the thermal stability of the powder in the temperature interval

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from room temperature up to 3500C. It has been shown that in the temperature interval from
2400C to 3000C all samples display exo-peak. Enthalpy of these exothermal processes range
from 1,47 J/g to 5,15 J/g depending on the activation time. Magnetization of the samples
obtained by pressing activated powders has been measured by modified Faraday method in
the applied magnetc field of 40 kA/m. It has been shown that the maximum magnetization
before and after the annealing at 4200C has the sample obtained by pressing the powder
activated for 120 minutes, and it is M0 = 31,67 Am2/kg before and M’ = 36,88 Am2/kg after the
annealing.

P32
Modeling of synthesis parameters and their influence on electrical and
magnetic properties of FexOy - BaTiO3 as a multiferroic

S. Ranđić, D. Vujičić, S. Đukić, S. Aleksić, A. Kalezić-Glišović, A. Maričić

Joint Laboratory for Advanced Materials of SASA, Section for Amorphous Materials, Faculty of
Technical Sciences Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Svetog Save 65, 32 000 Čačak, Serbia

The mechanical mixture of polycrystalline powders of 60% Fe and 40% BaTiO3 was
activated in the planetary ball mill for 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240
minutes in the air atmosphere. During the activation, the iron powder transits into iron oxides
FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. Depending on the activation time, the mass percentages of the
components in the mixture are changed, as well as the size of the nanocrystallites. The
characterization of activated powders and pressed samples sintered at 1100 0C and 1200 0C in
the time interval of two hours was achieved by XRD, SEM and TEM analysis.
The thermoelectric measurements have shown that specific electrical resistance and
dielectric constant of the pressed samples of the activated powder before and during heating
and after the sintering depend on the activation time and temperature. It is experimentally
shown that the best electrical properties before and after the sintering at the temperature of
1200 0C during two hours has the sample obtained by pressing the powder activated for 120
minutes. Dielectric constant for this sample at the frequency range of 50 Hz up to 100 MHz is
εr = 8∙104.
The thermomagnetic measurements have shown that the sample obtained by pressing
the powder activated for 120 minutes and sintered at the temperature of 1200 0C during two
hours have ferroelectric transition at the temperature of 120 0C. It is shown that this sample
has the magnetization of M = 2,9 Am2/kg after the sintering. By heating this sample to the
Currie temperature (420 0C) and by cooling the sample in the applied magnetic field, the
magnetization of the sample is increased by almost four times and has the value of M’ = 11,6
Am2/kg, while the sample remains permanently magnetized. The strength of the applied
magnetic field during all magnetic measurements was H = 20 kA/m.
Based on the experimental results of the measurements, the modeling of
magnetization dependence on the activation time and temperature was performed.

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P33
Archeological site Felix Romulijana – Research in time

Gordana Topličić – Ćurčić1, Ana Momčilović-Petronijević2, Dušan Grdić3

1
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nis, Serbia
2
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nis, Serbia
3
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Nis, Serbia

Gamzigrad is an archeological site in the vicinity of Zaječar, in east Serbia. It is an

imperial palace built at the request of Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximianus, in III and IV
centuries AD. Galerius had the palace built for himself and his mother Romula, and for this
reason it bears the name Felix Romuliana. It belongs to the category of Roman court
architecture in the Tetrarchy period.
The palace is enclosed within a double fortification system with extremely massive
walls and towers. The northern part of the complex is occupied by a part of the palace
intended for the emperor with a small temple and the sacrificial altar, while the southern part
is occupied by the public buildings and buildings intended for serving the palace.
Felix Romuliana has an outstanding historical and cultural value. This site has been
under protection since 1948. In 1979 it was categorized as an immovable cultural property of
outstanding importance of the Republic of Serbia. The value of this archeological site is
recognized by the global experts in this field, so since 2007 it is included in the UNESCO
cultural heritage list. Up to 40 000 tourists a year visit this site.
Even though there were mentions of the site in the literature since 1864, the
archeological research started in 1953. The works on the site and the nearby sacral complex
on Magura have been underway. The discovered structures have been continuously
conserved. A large number of experts in various fields found an inspiration and research
material on the site. The paper provides a historical review of research on this archeological
site, in order to emphasize its great importance and popularize it further.

P34
Archeological site Caričin Grad – Research in time
Ana Momčilović-Petronijević1, Gordana Topličić – Ćurčić2, Dušan Grdić3
1
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nis, Serbia,
2
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nis, Serbia
3
University of Nis, The Faculty of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNis, Serbia

Caričin Grad is and early Byzantine archeological site in Serbia. It is located in the
south of Serbia, 28 kilometers west from Leskovac, around 7 kilometers north-east from the
present-day Lebane town. The town extends in a north-west – south-east direction for over
500 meters, on an elevated and elongated plateau above the confluence of two streams, the
Svinjarička stream in the west and the Caričinska stream in the east.
The town was built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I (527-565), in order to mark
his birth place. It was built on a site showing no traces of previous construction layers. The

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town existed for a very short time. By the beginning of VII century, it perished in a large
conflagration, after which it was not rebuilt.
This archeological site has an outstanding cultural and historical value. Caričin Grad,
after a decision of the Assembly of the no. 29 of 29th March 1979 was categorized as an
immovable cultural property of outstanding importance for the Republic of Serbia. In 2010, it
was preliminary listed among the cultural properties which will be nominated for the
UNESCO cultural heritage list (Tentative List). The site has been under intensive restoration,
in order to restore it to a certain condition, after which a nomination portfolio for inclusion in
the UNESCO cultural heritage list will be prepared. During the month of August of 2017 the
first action camp World Heritage Volunteers Initiative, WHV-Heritage in our Hands
Decorated Stone Elements Rescue and Conservation under the auspices of the UNESCO was
held.
The works in Caričin Grad have been going on, at different intensity, since 1912 until
the present day. The site, over the course of a century attracted a number of eminent
researchers of different professions. Archeologists, conservation architects, art historians,
mosaic restorers all contributed to the research. The paper presents the historical review of the
research on this very important archeological site, in order to once again emphasize the
significance of this site, which will, we believe, soon attain a global reputation it deserves.

P35
Generalized Lorentz model description of electrical, dielectric,
conductive and magnetic processes two-time relaxations in
BaTiO3 ceramics with constitutive relations
Zoran B. Vosika1, Vojislav V.Mitić 1,2, Goran Lazović3, Vesna Paunović1, Ljubiša Kocić1
1
University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia
3
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia

In this study, generalized Lorentz model is considered in the framework of dielectric,

conductive and/or magnetic responses of materials. Beside positive temperature coefficient of
resistivity (PTCR) materials (current stabilizers, time delay circuits and current limiters for
overvoltage or overcurrent protection, temperature sensors, self-heating, …), magnetic
properties indicate to multifunctional or specific applications (for example, nanocubic
technologies).
AC conductivity studies of various BaTiO3 ceramics or similar ceramics produced
equivalent circuits with impedance spectra, usually within the framework of RCPE elements
serial connection (CPE - constant phase element) or Cole element. One of the first models
that explains PTC effect is the Heywang model, in terms of grain boundaries potential
barriers of the Shottky type. Dielectric frequency spectra can be described in similar
relationships. However, magnetic features of BaTiO3 ceramics are not well described.
In this presentation all three behaviors (dielectric, conductive and magnetic) of
materials and their relationships are considered in the case of electric or magnetic alternate
fields, which are the basis for experimental measurements.

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P36
Fractal Simulator and Ceramics Technology
for New Tesla’s Fountain
Vladan Vuckovic1, Vojislav V. Mitic1,2, Ljubisa Kocic1, Vesna Paunovic1
1
Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Computer Department, University of Nis, Serbia
2
Institute of Technical Sciences Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia

In this study, we present new Tesla’s Fountain model in ceramics technology. It is

reconstructed from basic 3D model. The model is designed based on Tesla’s original US
patent no. 1,113,716, granted on October, 13 (1914). The complete model includes the engine
(rotating water pump), colored lights and fluids. This part of the paper is based on research
within the project entitled “Computer Simulation and Modeling of the Original Patents of
Nikola Tesla” and approved by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological
Development of the Republic of Serbia. The first Tesla's patent that was under our attention in
this project was Tesla’s Fountain that is presented in this paper.
It is well known that first Tesla’s experiments on Fountain have been realized in
materials like bronze-metal. Nevertheless, we used new approach and applied ceramics
materials technologies in combination of casting and sintering. We used our original fractal
simulator to observe and simulate micro particles movements in Fountain model
Finally, we used smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) as a method of computation
and simulating the dynamics of continuum media, like the flow of fluids. The method was
developed by Gingold, Monaghan and Lucy in 1977, initially for astrophysical problems. It is
also used in astrophysics, ballistics, volcano logy, and oceanography but we find new
appliance in our Fountain model. We combine a mesh-free Lagrange method (coordinates
move with the fluid) to easily adjust resolution of the simulation with respect to all variables
(like the density).

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