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    Estela Mendez Lengua y Cultura IV - 2018 Trabajo Práctico #6 - "The Stuarts" The Succession of Kings, The Royal House, Their Absolutism

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    The Stuart dynasty ruled England from 1603 to 1714, a period of great upheaval. James I succeeded Elizabeth I in 1603, uniting England, Scotland, and Ireland under one crown but facing religious divisions between Protestants and Catholics. His son Charles I believed in absolute monarchy and tried to rule without Parliament, leading to the English Civil War. Cromwell defeated Charles, who was executed in 1649. After Cromwell's death, the monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II as king. James II was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 due to his Catholicism, ending Stuart rule.

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    Estela Mendez Lengua y Cultura IV - 2018 Trabajo Práctico #6 - "The Stuarts" The Succession of Kings, The Royal House, Their Absolutism

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    The Stuart dynasty ruled England from 1603 to 1714, a period of great upheaval. James I succeeded Elizabeth I in 1603, uniting England, Scotland, and Ireland under one crown but facing religious divisions between Protestants and Catholics. His son Charles I believed in absolute monarchy and tried to rule without Parliament, leading to the English Civil War. Cromwell defeated Charles, who was executed in 1649. After Cromwell's death, the monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II as king. James II was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 due to his Catholicism, ending Stuart rule.

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    British History

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    The Stuarts

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    The Stuart dynasty ruled England from 1603 to 1714, a period of great upheaval. James I succeeded Elizabeth I in 1603, uniting England, Scotland, and Ireland under one crown but facing religious divisions between Protestants and Catholics. His son Charles I believed in absolute monarchy and tried to rule without Parliament, leading to the English Civil War. Cromwell defeated Charles, who was executed in 1649. After Cromwell's death, the monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II as king. James II was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 due to his Catholicism, ending Stuart rule.

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    26 views3 pages

    Estela Mendez Lengua y Cultura IV - 2018 Trabajo Práctico #6 - "The Stuarts" The Succession of Kings, The Royal House, Their Absolutism

    Uploaded by

    carpe diem
    The Stuart dynasty ruled England from 1603 to 1714, a period of great upheaval. James I succeeded Elizabeth I in 1603, uniting England, Scotland, and Ireland under one crown but facing religious divisions between Protestants and Catholics. His son Charles I believed in absolute monarchy and tried to rule without Parliament, leading to the English Civil War. Cromwell defeated Charles, who was executed in 1649. After Cromwell's death, the monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II as king. James II was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 due to his Catholicism, ending Stuart rule.

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    Estela Mendez

    Lengua y Cultura IV - 2018


    Trabajo Práctico N° 6 - "The Stuarts"
    The succession of kings, The Royal House, Their Absolutism

    The Stuart dynasty (1603 to 1714) immediately succeeded the Tudors, and reigned over some of the most
    monumentally changeable times in British history – civil war, rebellion, the beheading of a king, plague outbreaks,
    the Great Fire of London

    Elizabeth I, the last of the Tudor monarchs, died in 1603 and the thrones of England and Ireland passed to her
    cousin, James Stuart. Thus James VI of Scotland also became James I of England.

    England, Scotland and Ireland were very different countries, with very different histories, and the memories of
    past conflict between those countries and past conflict between different ethnic groups ran deep. To make matters
    worse, each kingdom favoured a different form of religion. Most Scots were Calvinists, most English favoured a
    more moderate form of Protestantism and most Irish remained stoutly Catholic. At this time, there were religious
    reformers who thought the Anglican Church (Church of England) was not strict enough and they wanted to reform it.
    These groups of religious reformers were called Puritans, because they wanted to purify the church. There was a lot
    of hostility towards these Puritans and some escaped from England to make a new religious community, first in
    Holland, and then later in America (in Massachusetts).

    After King James I died, his son became King Charles I (1625). Charles believed in the divine power of kings
    and tried to rule without Parliament. He tried to arrest Members of Parliament. Parliament fought back. Thus began
    the English Civil War which started in 1640, with Oliver Cromwell as the leader of Parliament. The main issues of
    this war were religious toleration (for Puritans and other Protestant groups) and more power for Parliament (and less
    power for the king). Puritans supported the Parliament against the king. King Charles I was defeated by Cromwell’s
    army and executed on January 30, 1649, and for the first and only time in English history, there was no monarch.
    England now had no king. It was ruled by Cromwell as a “commonwealth” rather than a kingdom. England became
    a military dictatorship under Puritan rule. There was a short-lived republic, the only time that the country had
    experienced such an event.

    Oliver Cromwell died in 1658. He was succeeded by his son Richard, who had no wish to rule. Cromwell’s
    opponents were easily able to overthrow him and after a period of anarchy the monarchy was restored with the
    accession of Charles II who was invited in 1660, by parliament, to return to England as King Charles II. This event
    is known as the Restoration. James II succeeded his brother Charles to the throne who announced his conversion to
    Roman Catholicism and was forced to resign.

    The Crown was soon followed by another 'Glorious' Revolution (1688). William and Mary of Orange ascended
    the throne as joint monarchs and defenders of Protestantism, followed by Queen Anne, the second of James II's
    daughters.

    The prospect of end of the Stuart line, with the death of Queen Anne's only surviving child in 1700, led to the
    drawing up of the Act of Settlement in 1701, which provided that only Protestants could hold the throne.

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