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Use of Basic Materials - Cement

This document provides an overview of different types of cements, their chemical compositions, characteristics, and applications. It discusses common cements like ordinary Portland cement, Portland pozzolana cement, and rapid hardening cement. It also covers speciality cements for specific conditions like low heat cement, sulphate resisting cement, white cement, expansive cement, and hydrographic cement. The document is an informative reference for understanding the properties and uses of various cement types.

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Bhagwan G
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302 views19 pages

Use of Basic Materials - Cement

This document provides an overview of different types of cements, their chemical compositions, characteristics, and applications. It discusses common cements like ordinary Portland cement, Portland pozzolana cement, and rapid hardening cement. It also covers speciality cements for specific conditions like low heat cement, sulphate resisting cement, white cement, expansive cement, and hydrographic cement. The document is an informative reference for understanding the properties and uses of various cement types.

Uploaded by

Bhagwan G
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mpsc Civil Pre 2019

Cement
1. Introduction
2. Chemical Composition
3. Characteristics
4. Types of Cements
5. Use or Application
of cements

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Introduction
 Cement is the mixture of
- Calcareous, Siliceous, Argillaceous,
and Other Substances.
 Cement is popular as a binding material
in mortar, Concrete, etc.
 It binds Fine and Course aggregate
together.

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Chemical Composition of Cement
Sr. Constituents Percentage
No. (%)
1 Lime 63
2 Silica 22
3 Alumina 06
4 Iron Oxide 03
5 Gypsum 01 to 04
Characteristics of Cement
 Color: - should be uniform
- grey with greenish shade.
 Physical Properties:
- Feel Smooth when touched
- should sink; not float
- should be free from hard lumps
- Paste of cement feel sticky.
Types of Cement
1. Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC)
2. Portland Pozzolana Cement(PPC)
3. Rapid Hardening Cement
4. Quick Setting Cement
5. Low Heat Cement
6. Sulphate Resisting Cement
Types of Cement
7. High Alumina Cement
8. White Cement
9. Air Entraining Cement
10. Expansive Cement
11. Hydrographic Cement
12. Blast Furnace Slag Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement
- The most widely used type of cement
- Suitable for all General Concrete
construction.
Classified into 3 grades-
A. 33 Grade OPC ->IS 269 :2013
B. 43 Grade OPC ->IS 8112 :2013
C. 53 Grade OPC->IS 12269 :2013
33 Grade OPC Cement
- Used for normal grade of concrete
up to M20
- Uses - Plastering, Flooring, Grouting
of cable ducts in PSC works, etc.
- Fineness- should be between 225 and 280.
43 Grade OPC Cement
 It is the most widely used general purpose
cement.
 For Concrete grades up to M30,
Precast elements.
 For Marine Structures but
C3A should be between 5 – 8%.
53 Grade OPC Cement
 For grade higher than M30,
Prestressed Concrete works,
Roads and Bridges,
Multistoried buildings.
 For use in Cold Weather Concreting
 For Marine Structures but
C3A should be between 5 – 8%.
Portland Pozzolana Cement(PPC)
 IS 1489(Part-I) :1991[using Fly Ash]
 Used for
- Hydraulic Structures-dams,
retaining walls
- Marine Structures
- under aggressive conditions
- masonry mortar and plastering.
Rapid Hardening Cement
 used for repair and rehabilitation works and
where speed of Construction is required.
 The cement is to be used in cold weather
concreting i.e. temperature < 5 degree Celsius.
 Compressive strength
1 day = 16 N/mm2 and
3 day = 27 N/mm2
 Fineness is 3350 cm2/g
against 2250 cm2/g for OPC
Low Heat Portland Cement
 Is particularly suited for dams and
many other types of water retaining
structures.
 Bridge Abutments
 Massive Retaining walls, piers and
slabs, etc.
 In Mass concreting.
Sulphate Resisting Cement
 The use of SRC is beneficial
in such conditions where the concrete
is exposed to sulphate attack.
 Use - Foundations, Piles
- Basement and underground structures
- Sewage and Water treatment
- Chemical factories
Portland Slag Cement
 (OPC + granulated slag) cement
 Gives Low heat of hydration
 Used for:
- Marine and off shore structures
(very high chloride & sulphate
resistant)
- Water Treatment Plants
- Sewage Disposal treatments works
Hydrophobic Cement
 Is manufactured on special requirements
for high rainfall areas to improve the
shelf life of the cement.
 Is prepared by mixing
water repelling chemicals and
has high workability and strength.
 Mainly used for construction of
Water structures-
dams, water tanks, spillways, etc.
High Alumina Cement
 Is a type of rapid hardening cement with
initial setting time = about 3.5 hours
and
Final setting time = about 5 hours.
 Used in
- works where concrete is
subjected to high temperatures,
frost and acidic action.
Expansive Cement
 Expansive cement expands slightly
with time and does not shrink
during and after time of hardening.
 Mainly used for
- Grouting anchor bolts
- Prestressed concrete ducts.
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