Marking Scheme For Mathematics T 2
Second Term STPM Trial Examination (2018)
1. The function f is defined by
𝑒 𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑥=1
𝑥 + 𝑒 − 2, 𝑥 > 1
(a) Find lim− 𝑓(𝑥) and lim+ 𝑓(𝑥). Hence determine whether 𝑓 is
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
continuous at 𝑥 = 1. [4 marks]
(b) Sketch the graph of 𝑓. [2 marks]
Solution:
(a) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim−(𝑒 𝑥 − 1) = 𝑒 − 1 A1
𝑥→1− 𝑥→1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+(𝑥 + 𝑒 − 2) = 1 + 𝑒 − 2 = 𝑒 − 1 A1
𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists, Since 𝑓(1) = 0, therefore lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(1) M1
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑓 is not continuous at 𝑥 = 1. A1
(b)
D1 – correct shape
D1 - correct point
2. A closed rectangular box has base with its length twice its width, and the total
surface area of the box is 300𝑐𝑚2 . If the width of the base of the box is 𝑥 𝑐𝑚,
4
and the volume of the box is 𝑉 𝑐𝑚3. Show that 𝑉 = 100𝑥 − 𝑥 3 . [4 marks]
3
Find the length, width, and the height of the box when its volume is maximum,
and find the maximum volume of the box. [6 marks]
Solution:
x
2x
Let the height of the box = h cm
Total surface area of the box = 300 𝑐𝑚2
2(2𝑥)(𝑥) + 2(ℎ)(𝑥) + 2(2𝑥)(ℎ) = 300 M1
4𝑥 2 + 6ℎ𝑥 = 300
2𝑥 2 + 3ℎ𝑥 = 150
3ℎ𝑥 = 150 − 2𝑥 2
150−2𝑥 2
ℎ= M1
3𝑥
Volume of the box, 𝑉 = 2𝑥 2 ℎ
150−2𝑥 2
= 2𝑥 2 ( )
3𝑥
2𝑥
= (150 − 2𝑥 2 ) M1
3
4
= 100𝑥 − 3 𝑥 3 A1
𝑑𝑉 4
= 100 − (3𝑥 2 ) = 100 − 4𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑𝑉
When 𝑑𝑥 = 0, 100 − 4𝑥 2 = 0
4𝑥 2 = 100
𝑥 2 = 25
𝑥 = 5 (𝑥 > 0) A1
𝑑2𝑉
= −8𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑉
When 𝑥 = 5, 𝑑𝑥 2 = −40 < 0, (𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒) B1
Hence the volume is maximum when 𝑥 = 5𝑐𝑚
When the volume of the box is maximum
The length of the box = 10 cm A1
The width of the box = 5cm A1
And the height of the box,
150−2(25) 100 20
ℎ = 3(5) = 15 = 3 𝑐𝑚 A1
The maximum value of V,
4
𝑉 = 100(5) − 3 (125)
500
= 500 −
3
1
= 300 3 𝑐𝑚3 A1
𝑑
3 (a) Show that (2𝑥 − sin 2𝑥) = 4 sin2 𝑥. [3 marks]
𝑑𝑥
(b) Hence, use integration by parts to show that
𝜋
2 1
∫02 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 16 (𝜋 2 + 4) [4 marks]
Solution:
𝑑
(a) 𝑑𝑥
(2𝑥 − sin 2𝑥) = 2 − 2 cos 2𝑥 M1
= 2 − 2(1 − 2 sin2 𝑥) M1
= 4 sin2 𝑥 A1
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 2 2
(b) ∫02 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]02 − ∫02 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 M1
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 2 2 1
= [4 ∫ 4 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] − ∫02(2𝑥 − sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
4
0
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 2 1 1
= [4 (2𝑥 − sin 2𝑥)] − 4
[𝑥2 + 2 cos 2𝑥]2 M1
0 0
𝜋2 1 𝜋2 1 1
= 8
− 4 [ 4 − 2 − 2] M1
1
= (𝜋 2 + 4) A1
16
4 The rate, in 𝑐𝑚3 𝑠 −1 , at which oil is leaking from an engine sump at any time 𝑡
seconds is proportional to the volume of oil, 𝑉 𝑐𝑚3, in the sump at that instant.
At time 𝑡 = 0, 𝑉 = 𝐴.
(a) By forming and integrating a differential equation, show that
𝑉 = 𝐴𝑒−𝑘𝑡 , where k is a positive constant. [5 marks]
(b) Sketch a graph to show the relation between 𝑉 and 𝑡. [2 marks]
1
(c) Given that 𝑉 = 2 𝐴 at 𝑡 = 𝑇, show that 𝑘𝑇 = ln 2. [3 marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑉
(a) − 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘𝑉 M1
1
∫ 𝑉 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ −𝑘 𝑑𝑡 M1
ln 𝑉 = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐 A1
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑉 = 𝐴, then 𝑐 = ln 𝐴
ln 𝑉 = −𝑘𝑡 + ln 𝐴 M1
𝑉
ln 𝐴 = −𝑘𝑡
𝑉
𝐴
= 𝑒−𝑘𝑡
𝑉 = 𝐴𝑒−𝑘𝑡 A1
(b)
𝑉
D1
𝐴 (correct shape)
D1
(label correctly)
0 𝑥
(c) 𝑉 = 𝐴𝑒−𝑘𝑡
1
2
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑒−𝑘𝑇 M1
1
2
= 𝑒−𝑘𝑇
1
−𝑘𝑇 = ln M1
2
𝑘𝑇 = ln 2 A1
5. 𝑦 = ln(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥).
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
(a) Show that 𝑒 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑒 𝑦 ((𝑑𝑥 ) + 1) [5 marks]
𝑑𝑥 2
(b) Hence, find the maclaurin’s series for y, up to and including the term
in 𝑥 2 . [3 marks]
(a) 𝑦 = ln(1 + sin 𝑥)
𝑒 𝑦 = 1 + sin 𝑥 B1
𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 M1
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 = − sin 𝑥 M1
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 = 1 − 𝑒 𝑦 M1
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑒𝑦 = 1 − 𝑒 𝑦
− 𝑒 𝑦
( )
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 = 1 − 𝑒 𝑦 ((𝑑𝑥 ) + 1) (shown) A1
(b) When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0,
𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑒 0 𝑑𝑥 = cos 0 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 1 M1
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑒 0 2 = 1 − 𝑒 0 ((1)2 + 1) ⇒ 2 = − 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑓′′(0) 𝑓′′′(0) 3
𝑦 = 𝑓(0) + 𝑓 ′ (0)𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥 +⋯
2! 3!
(−1) 1
𝑦 = ln(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = 0 + 1𝑥 + 2! 𝑥 2 + ⋯ = 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ M1A1
6 Use the trapezium rule with five ordinates to evaluate approximately
2
∫ ln(1 + 𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1
Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. [4 marks]
Solution:
1
𝑑 = 4 = 0.25 B1
𝑥 ln(1 + 𝑥 2 )
1 0.6931
1.25 0.9410
1.5 1.1787
1.75 1.4018
2 1.6094
2 1
∫1 ln(1 + 𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥 ≈ 2 (0.25)[0.6931 + 2(0.9410 + 1.1787 + 018) + 1.6094]
M1
(using the correct formula)
M1
(all the 𝑥 values correct)
≈ 1.17 A1
Section B [ 15 marks ]
Answer any one question in this section.
7. Given two curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥.
(a) Find the points of intersection of the curves. [3 marks]
(b) Find the turning point of the curves and start the nature of the turning
points. [5 marks]
(c) Sketch the curves. [3 marks]
(d) Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 −
6𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥. [4 marks]
Solution:
(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (1)
2
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (2)
Equating (1) and (2)
𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 M1
𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 M1
𝑥 = 0, −1, 3
Points of intersection of the two curves are (0,0),(-1,4) and (3,0) A1
(b) Differentiating (1) with respect to x,
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
For stationary points, 𝑑𝑥 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6 = 0 M1
2±√4+4(3)(6)
𝑥= 6
2±2√19
𝑥= 6
= −1.12 𝑜𝑟 1.79 A1
𝑑2 𝑦
= 6𝑥 − 2
𝑑𝑥 2
When 𝑥 = −1.12
𝑦 = (−1.12)3 − (−1.12)2 − 6(−1.12)
= 4.06
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
=< 0, (−1.12,4.06) is a maximum point. M1A1*
For getting any one of the
maximum or minimum point
When 𝑥 = 1.79
𝑦 = (1.79)3 − (1.79)2 − 6(1.79)
= −8.21
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
=> 0, (1.79, −8.21) is a minimum point.
Differentiating (2) with respect to x,
𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
For stationary points, 𝑑𝑥 = 0
2𝑥 − 3 = 0
3
𝑥 = 2 = 1.5
𝑑2 𝑦
=2
𝑑𝑥 2
When 𝑥 = 1.5
𝑦 = (1.5)2 − 3(1.5)
= −2.25
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
=> 0, (1.5, −2.25) is a minimum point.
(−1.12,4.06) is a maximum point.
(1.79, −8.21) is a minimum point
(1.5, −2.25) is a minimum point. A1
(c)
D1- correct shape
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
D1- correct shape
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
D1- show maximum
and minimum points
0
(d) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = ∫−1[(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) − (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 M1
0
= ∫−1 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
𝑥4 2𝑥 3 3𝑥 2
= [4 − 3 − 2 ] M1
−1
1 2 3
=0−( + − )
4 3 2
7
= 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
3
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐵 = ∫0 [(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) − (𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) −]𝑑𝑥 M1
3
= ∫0 −𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥4 2𝑥 3 3𝑥 2
= [− + + ]
4 3 2 0
81 54 27
= (− 4 + 3 + 2 )
135
= 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
7 135 5
Total area = 12 + 12
= 11 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2 A1
8 Sketch graphs of 𝑦 = 5𝑥, and 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 using the same axes. Hence, show that
the equation 𝑒 𝑥 − 5𝑥 = 0 has exactly two real roots 𝛼 and 𝛽, where 𝛼 < 𝛽.
[3 marks]
Verify that 2 < 𝛽 < 3. [2 marks]
1
(a) Approximate value for 𝛼 is 0.2. The iterative formula 𝑎𝑛+1 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑛 is
5
used to find a more accurate approximation for 𝛼. Taking 𝑎1 = 0.2 use
the iterative formula to obtain 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 , 𝑎5 giving your answers to
four decimal places. [5 marks]
(b) The Newton-Raphson method is used to find a more accurate
approximation for 𝛽 . Taking 𝛽 = 2.5 , apply the Newton-Raphson
method once to obtain a second approximation, giving your answer to
three decimal places. [3 marks]
(c) Explain why ln 5 is not suitable as a first approximation to find 𝛽
using the Newton-Raphson method. [2 marks]
Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥
D1
(both graphs with correct shapes)
D1
(two points of intersection shown)
There are only two points of intersection between the graphs 𝑦 = 5𝑥 and 𝑦 =
𝑒 𝑥 . Hence, the equation 𝑒 𝑥 − 5𝑥 = 0 has exactly two real roots 𝛼 and 𝛽,
where 𝛼 < 𝛽. B1
Let (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 5𝑥 ,
𝑓(2) = 𝑒 2 − 5(2) = −2.61 < 0
𝑓(3) = 𝑒 3 − 5(3) = 5.09 > 0 M1
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous function and there is a change of sign between
𝑓(2) and 𝑓(3), hence 2 < 𝛽 < 3. A1
1
(a) The iterative formula 𝑎𝑛+1 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑛
5
1
Taking 𝑎1 = 0.2, 𝑎2 = 5 𝑒 0.2 = 0.2443 M1A1
1
𝑎3 = 5 𝑒 0.2443 = 0.2553 A1
1
𝑎4 = 5 𝑒 0.2553 = 0.2582 A1
1
𝑎5 = 5 𝑒 0.2582 = 0.2589 A1
(b) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 5𝑥
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 5 B1
Taking 𝑥1 = 2.5 ,
𝑒 2.5 −5(2.5)
𝑥2 = 2.5 − 𝑒 2.5 −5
= 2.544 (3 d.p.) M1A1
(c) If 𝑥1 = ln 5, then 𝑓′(ln 5) = 5 − 5 = 0
To use the Newton-Raphson formula,
𝑓(ln 5)
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 −
𝑓′(ln 5)
where 𝑥2 is undefined as 𝑓′(ln 5) = 0 B1
Therefore, ln 5 is not suitable as a first approximation to find 𝛽 using
the Newton-Raphson method. A1
