MET – LET Specialist

JONATHAN T. JIMENEZ, MAT

Master Teacher I, MAPEH
Accredited Faculty of the Graduate Diploma
in Cultural Education, NCCA-PCEP
"A man paints with his brains and
not with his hands."
― Michelangelo
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
INGREDIENTS VS. ELEMENTS

When you are cooking something, you

have a list of ingredients that are organized by
the recipe. The elements of art are like the
ingredients.
If you are a good cook, then you care
about quality ingredients. The same is true if
you are a good artist. You care about the
quality of elements that you chose to put in
your artwork. - Matt Fussell
RECIPE VS. PRINCIPLES

You cannot just throw a list of great

ingredients together and expect to create a
great dish. You must follow the recipe.
The recipe is the principles of art. The
principles of art are an organized way that
the elements of art are arranged in a work of
art.
- Matt Fussell
LINE

Line is one of the seven elements of

art. It is considered by most to be the most
basic element of art.
In terms of art, line is considered to be
a moving dot. It has an endless number of
uses in the creation of art.
 Line can control a viewer's eye. It can
describe edges. It can indicate form as well
as movement. It can also indicate value and
a light source in drawing.
 When line is used for value or shading,
we most typically see it used in the form of
hatching or crosshatching. Although these
are arguably the most common forms of
using line for adding value, there is an
endless number of ways that it can be used.
A simple way of thinking of a line is to
imagine a point that moves...
CONTOUR LINE

The most common use of line is

showing where an object ends. This
type of line is called a contour
line. Contour lines are most commonly
called outlines.
LINE QUALITY

Line can also create the illusion of form

in a drawing. Line quality is the thickness
or thinness of a line. By varying the line
quality an artist can show form in a
drawing with just the use of line.
 Line can also indicate shadow and
form through the use of cross contour
lines. Cross contour lines follow the
contours of the object. Much like
running your finger around the form of an
object.
KINDS OF LINES
LINE VARIATION

This adds interest to your lines and

important in creating successful artwork
• Length- lines can be long or short

• Width - lines can be wide or skinny

• Texture - lines can be rough or smooth

SHAPE

Shape- an element of art that is a two-

dimensional area that is defined in some
way. A shape may have an outline around it
or you may recognize it by its area.

A shape is created when a line is

enclosed. Shape is one of the seven
elements of art and it has a variety of uses
in the creation of art.
 Shapes can play important roles in the
creation of art. They help to create complex
drawings and paintings, affect composition,
and contribute to the balance within a work.
Shape is a two-dimensional area that is
defined by a change in value or some other
form of contrast.
All shapes are two-dimensional, meaning
that they have only length and width.
CATEGORIES OF SHAPES

All shapes will fall into one of two

categories. Geometric shapes or regular
shapes are easy to recognize. Math can be
used to find information about these shapes
and these shapes generally have a specific
name associated with them. Examples
include: circle, triangle, square, and
trapezoid.
 Organic or freeform shapes are
shapes that seem to follow no rules. Organic
shapes generally do not have a name
associated with them and are typically not
man-made.
SPACES IN SHAPES

Shapes defined by objects are positive

shapes (space). Shapes defined around
objects are negative shapes (space).
 The relationships between the positive
and negative shapes help the brain of our
viewers understand what they are
seeing. Our brains are even capable of
making sense of complex relationships
between positive and negative shapes.
 By organizing geometric and organic
shapes, we can draw anything. Even
complicated objects become easy to draw
when we isolate basic geometric and
organic shapes.
FORM

In terms of art, form refers to objects

that are 3-Dimensional, or have length,
width, and height. The world we live in
made up almost entirely of forms. As artists,
we must have a strong understanding of
form and how to create the illusion of form in
drawings and paintings.
 Form- an element of art, means objects
that have three dimensions.
 Geometric forms have specific names
associated with them and are typically man-
made.
 Organic forms do not have specific
names associated with them and are often
associated with naturally occurring forms.
 When drawing representationally, the
goal is to create the illusion of form. We
can create the illusion of form by
understanding how light reacts on the
object.
 Light reacts on objects and is
communicated to viewers through several
factors. Adjusting these areas with values of
the local color will result in the illusion of
form in a drawing or painting.
VALUE

Value deals with the lightness or

darkness of a color. Since we see objects
and understand objects because of how
dark or light they are, value is incredible
important to art.
 Value deals directly to light. We see
things because light reflects off of objects
and goes into our eyes. Our mind
processes the light and rationalizes what we
are seeing.
Without light, we cannot see
anything. In order to draw or paint in a way
that creates an illusion of what we normally
see, we must fully understand light and how
it reacts on surfaces. Value is the key to the
illusion of light. This is why value is so
incredibly important to drawing and painting.
• highlight is the area where light is hitting the
object directly.
• midtone is the middle value of the local color of
the object.
• core shadow is the area(s) that is shaded on
the object.
• cast shadow is the area(s) that is shaded on
surrounding objects and surfaces because of
blocked light.
• reflected highlight is the area on an object that
is lighter because of reflected light off of
surrounding objects.
 Artworks that exhibit a full range of
value are generally successful. It doesn't
matter the type of art you are creating. As
long as there are dark values in harmony
with light values, your artwork will most likely
be aesthetically pleasing.
 A full range of value means that they
are ample amounts of light values- called
tints, and dark values- called shades. To
be sure that you have a full range of value in
your artwork you may create a value
scale...
 Using a value scale, you can be sure
that you create a full range of value. Many
artists use a value scale as they work,
identifying specific values and adding them
in appropriate spots.
 If we were to take out all color, we
would still see the apple and recognize it as
an apple. In other words, we are just
showing the values of the apple...
SPACE

In terms of art, space is the area around,

above, and within an object. With consideration to
drawings and paintings, our goal is to create the
illusion of space.
 Many new artists overlook the
importance of creating space in a drawing or
painting. The result usually looks flat or
objects can appear to be floating. Luckily,
however, creating space in an artwork is
very simple to accomplish and there are a
number of ways to it.
SIX WAYS TO CREATE THE ILLUSION OF
SPACE ON A 2-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE

Overlapping - occurs when objects

that are closer to the viewer prevent the
view of objects that are behind them.
 Placement on the paper - Objects
placed higher within the picture plane will
appear further away.
 Size - Objects that are smaller will
appear further away from the viewer.
 Detail - Objects that are further away
should have less detail than objects that are
closer to the viewer.
COLOR AND VALUE

Objects that are farther away are

cooler in color temperature, while objects
that are closer are warmer. Objects that are
further away are lighter in value, while
objects that are closer are typically darker in
value.
PERSPECTIVE

(Linear) perspective is a drawing

method that uses lines to create the illusion
of space on a flat surface. There are three
types of linear perspective.
One point perspective uses one
vanishing point to accomplish this illusion.
ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE

TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
COLOR

Color is the element of art that refers to

reflected light.
The color wheel was developed by Sir
Isaac Newton by taking the color spectrum
and bending it into a circle. If you follow
around the color wheel, you will find the
same order of the color spectrum- red,
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo(blue-
violet), and violet. Some remember it by the
acronym ROY G. BIV.
COLOR WHEEL

The color wheel is made up of three

different types of colors - Primary,
Secondary, and Tertiary.
PRIMARY COLORS

The primary colors are red, yellow, and

blue. They are called primary for a couple of
reasons. First, no two colors can be mixed
to create a primary color. In other words,
primary colors can only be created through
the use of natural pigments. Secondly, all
other colors found on the color wheel can be
created by mixing primary colors together.
SECONDARY COLORS

The secondary colors are orange,

green, and purple. Secondary colors are
created by mixing equal parts of any two
primary colors. Yellow and blue will give you
green. Red and blue will create
purple(violet). Red and yellow will give you
orange.
TERTIARY COLORS

Tertiary colors are created by mixing

equal parts of a secondary color and a
primary color together. There are six tertiary
colors- red-purple, red-orange, blue-green,
yellow-green, blue-purple, and yellow-
orange. Notice that the proper way to refer
to tertiary colors is by listing the primary
color first and the secondary color, second.
COLOR VALUE

Value is the darkness or lightness of a

color. When dealing with pure color (hue),
value can be affected by adding white or
black to a color.
Adding black to a color
produces a shade...

Adding white to a color

produces a tint.
COLOR SCHEME

Color schemes are ways colors are put

together in an intelligent way
MONOCHROMATIC

Literally means
one (mono) color
(chroma). So a
monochromatic
color scheme is
made up of one
color and it’s
shades and tints.
 Colors that are next to
ANALOGOUS each other on the color
wheel.
When used as a color
scheme, analogous colors can
be dramatic. Ex. Blue, blue-
green, green, and yellow-
green; red, red-purple, purple,
blue-purple
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS

Colors found directly across from each other

on the color wheel. Complementary color scheme
provide strong contrast. Ex. Blue and orange, red
and green, yellow-green and red-purple.
COLOR TRIADS
Consist of three colors found on the color
wheel that are equally spaced
apart from each other. Ex. Red, blue and
yellow or orange, green and purple.
SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY

Made up of a color and it’s complements

closest analogous colors. Ex Blue, yellow-
orange and red-orange. Red-orange,
red-purple, green.
WARM & COOL COLORS
TEXTURE

Texture refers to the way an object

feels to the touch or looks as it may feel if it
were touched. Texture is one of the seven
elements of art. Understanding it fully will
lead to stronger drawings and paintings.
 TYPES OF TEXTURE
• Rough textures - reflect light
unevenly
• Smooth textures - reflect light
evenly
• Matte - surface that reflects a
soft, dull light. Shiny surfaces
are the opposite of matte.
• Impasto - a painting technique
in which the paint is built up on
the surface to create a texture
PRINCIPLES OF ART

The principles of art generally deal with

the way the elements of art are composed
within the work of art. So, the principles of
art typically deal with composition.

The principles tend to be more fluid

than the elements meaning that opinions
vary on what the principles really are.
 The eight principles of art
are balance, proportion, unity,
harmony, variety, emphasis,
rhythm, and movement.
FORMS OF VISUAL ARTS
TWO KINDS OF ART FORM
1. Two-dimensional (2D) - flat
objects, it has two side, front and
back or length and width. Eg.
Paintings and photographs. They
have only two sides, a front and a
back.
2. Three-dimensional (3D) - many
sided objects, it has length, width
and deepness. It has several
surfaces—a top, a bottom, a front,
a back, a left, and a right side. It
changes appearance as you look
at it from different angles. Eg.
Sculpture
PAINTING

• means creating a picture or image by

putting color (called pigments) to a
surface.
• Two basic ways of painting: mural painting
and easel painting. Mural Painting—
painting creating over an entire wall.
Fresco - the most lasting type
in mural painting. Fresco is
painting pigments on wet plaster.
Michelangelo created The
Delphic Sibyl, one of the great
frescoes becomes a part of the
wall.

Easel Paintings are

done on canvas while mural
paintings cannot be moved
because it is a part of the building.
An easel painting is usually
framed and can be hung
anywhere.
TECHNIQUES TO CREATE
EASEL PAINTING
Finger Painting Acrylic
- pigment used in finger painting are
pasty substance mixed with water and
smeared on slick paper with the
fingers.

Watercolor
- watercolor pigments are
mixed with water and applied to paper
with a brush. The colors are
transparent which means that colors
beneath will show if you paint another
color on top.
Poster Paint or Gouache

- this media is sometime

called an opaque watercolor.
Colors can be painted over
one another and those
beneath do not show through.
Tempera
- usually refers to
pigments that have been
mixed with egg yolk and
with water or oil. Egg
tempera is painted on
wooden boards that have
been covered with a hard
plaster called gesso.
Tempera paints produce
deep, rich colors and clear,
sharp lines.
Oil Painting
- oil paints are made
by mixing pigments
with oil to form a thick
substance like tooth
paste.

Acrylic
- plastic paints which
are water-based, quick
drying, durable and
adaptable to any
surface.
Pastels
- pigments are molded into
sticks similar to chalk.
SCULPTURAL TECHNIQUES, MEDIA AND
PROCESS

Carving
- is a direct subtractive process. Carved sculptures were
fashioned from durable materials such as stone, marble,
and wood. Some of the most beautiful sculptures were
done by the Greeks. They loved to carved marble
sculptures of the human figures in the round. Henry Moore
(1898-1986), a British artist, was one of the best known
modern sculptures in the world. He cut holes into many of
his figures so that one can look through them.
Relief sculpture
- are made by carving into a flat surface to
take a raised design.
- Two kinds of relief sculpture:
 Low relief-these sculptures where figures
stand out only a little from the background.
 High relief-are sculptures where figures
stand out more from the background.
Bernini, an Italian artist who worked in
Rome in the 1600’s carved sculptures in
high relief.
 Italian “Basso-rilievo”
which means low relief

High relief
Modelling

- is a direct additive process in which a

pliable material is added or built up around an
armature or skeletal framework.
Casting
• - is an indirect process. A carved or
modelled sculpture is its starting point
done in lost-wax-process or in sand.
Mobiles
- are constructed sculptures that hang from
the ceiling and move with the changing air
currents. Alexander Calder (1898-1976)
was a US artist who made interesting
mobiles.
- Constructed sculptures have a number of
parts put together.
 Assemblage

- is a direct technique using a variety of

materials, often in combination: plastic
cans, and other synthetics like fabrics,
glass, found objects, metals, and even
lights.
- Sometimes heavier objects are brought
together and arranged or assembled to
form a three-dimensional image.
Installation

– are sculptures made of materials from the

environment. These materials are grouped
and assembled together to form an
environment art. Usually they don’t last long
in the open air.
Technique - is the way of using methods and materials to
achieve desired result such as paintings, sculpture and
architecture.
Process - is the manner of handling something following a set
of procedures.
Symbol is something that stands for an object or idea. For
example, the horse is a symbol of power and majesty. The sun
stands for knowledge and wisdom.

Media - are materials

used to create a work
of art like oil paints,
watercolor, pastel color,
clay, wood, etc.
Composition is the arrangement of the
elements of art to create a unified whole. It
shows how the different elements complement
one another and make the artwork pleasing to
the viewer.
Which color does not belong to the group?
a. green
b. orange
c. blue
d. violet
Which color does not belong to the group?
a. green
b. orange
c. blue
d. violet
The following are elements of creating a 2-
dimensional artwork, except:
a. line
b. balance
c. color
d. texture
The following are elements of creating a 2-
dimensional artwork, except:
a. line
b. balance
c. color
d. texture
These are sculptures made from materials
grouped and assembled together to form an
art.
a. bas-relief
b. relief
c. face-standing sculpture
d. installation
These are sculptures made from materials
grouped and assembled together to form an
art.
a. bas-relief
b. relief
c. face-standing sculpture
d. installation
HISTORY OF ARTS
 Cave paintings of reindeer, bison,
rhinoceroses, lions, and horses in Altamira, Spain,
and France from the Paleolithic Period (or Old
Stone Age) proved that humans basically lived for
food through hunting.
Upper Paleolithic art is seen in the carved
female figurine made of limestone, the statue of a
faceless woman found a Willendorf, Austria
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

Religion greatly affected the lives of the

Egyptians. Their belief in life after death urged them
to build the pyramids. The building of pyramids was
fueled by religious fervor rather than an architectural
purpose.

Pyramid
• as resting place for the bodies of their rulers after death.
The objects placed were items like furniture, jewelry,
clothing, and doll-like figures of servants
• The dead body was preserved as a mummy, wrapped in
fine linen, and placed inside a decorated coffin
 PYRAMIDS OF GIZA

The true pyramid

appeared in the Old Kingdom
when the Fourth Dynasty ruler
Khufu [KOO-foo] erected the
Great Pyramid at Giza, across
the Nile from Cairo. The
anonymous architect executed
this largest stone building in the
world – 6.25 million tons
TRABEATED CONSTRUCTION

The style of
building where
columns stood
vertically, while
the beams
were laid
horizontally
 Canopic jars
MUMMIFICATION
Bastet
- (the cat goddess) and the
Sphinx (lion body with human
head) were built near the
pyramids to protect the tombs
from evil spirits

Obelisks
- is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering
monument which ends in a pyramid-like
shape or pyramidion at the top. These were
originally called "tekhenu"
SECONDARY BURIAL

In the Philippines,
Manunggul (Palawan) and
Maitum (Sarangani) Jars
Early Filipinos’ burial coffin
and rituals were performed
before burying their dead
(similar to Egyptians’)
PERIODS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATION

1. Old Kingdom (2686-2125 B.C.)

2. Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 B.C.)
3. New Kingdom (1550-1085 B.C.)
OLD KINGDOM (2686-2125 B.C.)

The law of frontalism (style) was

used in painting and relief
sculpture.

Frontalism means that the head of

the character is drawn in profile
while the body is drawn from a
front view. The eye is drawn in full,
as it would be seen from the front.
The legs always face the same
direction as the head, with one foot
forward and the other backward
MIDDLE KINGDOM (2055-1650 B.C.)

Egyptians learned
about the uses of
bronze
and developed a horse
drawn vehicle
NEW KINGDOM (1550-1085 B.C.)

Outstanding
masterpiece of this
period is the bust of
Queen Nefertiti
 HIEROGLYPHICS

Picture writing that

records detailed
information about the
history of Egyptian
civilization and culture

Papyrus – a kind of reed

that grows along the banks
of the Nile River
PETROGLYPHS in Angono

There are
127 human and
animal figures
engraved on the
rockwall probably
carved during the
late Neolithic.
 Cuneiform is a system of writing
first developed by the ancient
Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-
3000 BCE. It is considered the most
significant among the many cultural
contributions of the Sumerians and the
greatest among those of the Sumerian
city of Uruk which advanced the writing
of cuneiform c. 3200 BCE.
Cuneiform is a system of writing first
developed by the ancient Sumerians of
Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE.
GREEK ARTS
 GREEK ART AND CULTURE

• Greek civilization began at about 2600

B.C.E. (Before Common Era) called
the Minoan Civilization

• Pottery was one of the oldest Greek

traditions. The jars portrayed daily life
like harvesting, weaving, baking,
playing sports, and performing
religious processions

• Greek mastered the art of sculpture.

The profile of a human figure depicted
physical power, action, and grace
AMPHITHEATER

• Built in a hollowed-out area of a hillside in a semi-

circular form
• The center made of round stone is called orchestra

• Behind the orchestra is a raised platform called the

stage

• Actors are men wearing masks which show the

characters they are playing
FAMOUS GREEK DRAMATISTS

• Sophocles wrote Tragedy-play

with sad ending
• Euripides

• Aristophanes wrote comedies to mock

leaders during his time
GREEK COLUMNS
DORIC COLUMN

Doric – large
square blocks at the
top called the
abacus with no
base
IONIC COLUMN

Ionic – with pair of

volutes (spinal) at the top
with a round base and an
alternating concave and
convex features
CORINTHIAN COLUMN

Corinthian – the most

slender and tallest of
all columns with a
base and 2 rows of
vertical acanthus
leaves
ARTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
450-1450
• It was a chaotic period in history due to frequent wars
among the nobles

• Noble defended their lands by building stone castles with

strong and high walls to withstand enemy attack

• During war, people sought protection from their landlords

and they serve their landlord’s farm in return (feudalism)

• Arts of the Middle Ages were associated with religion and

the most elaborate form of art is evident in the Cathedral of
Notre Dame in Paris, France (1163-1345)
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

Gothic-inspired
architecture with tall
pointed arches and walls
decorated with beautiful
stained glass took years
to construct. Example:
Cathedral of Notre
Dame with rose window
located in the south wall
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

Romanesque was
the common style of
architecture with round
arches (with the inclusion
of stained glass windows)
in varying sizes from the
lowest to the highest
level, example: Church of
Saint Paul in Pisa, Italy
PAINTINGS OF THE MIDDLE AGES

During the Middle

Ages, European artists
painted in a way that
emphasized religious
images and symbolism
rather than realism.
Most paintings depicted
scenes holy figures and
people important in the
Christian religion.
 Even the most
talented painters of the
Middle Ages paid little
attention to making
humans and animals
look lifelike, creating
natural looking
landscapes, or creating a
sense of depth and
space in their paintings.
BYZANTINE ARTS

Byzantine art, architecture, paintings,

and other visual arts produced in the Middle
Ages in the Byzantine Empire (centred at
Constantinople) and in various areas that
came under its influence.
 Byzantine art is
almost entirely concerned
with religious expression
and, more specifically,
with the impersonal
translation of carefully
controlled church theology
into artistic terms.
 Its forms of architecture and painting
grew out of these concerns and remained
uniform and anonymous, perfected within
a rigid tradition rather than varied
according to personal whim; the result was
a sophistication of style and a spirituality
of expression rarely paralleled in Western
art.
Frescoes, or more
often, mosaics, that
covered the interiors of
domes, walls, and
vaults of churches in a
complete fusion of
architectural and
pictorial expression.
 Little sculpture was
produced in the Byzantine
Empire. The most
frequent use of sculpture
was in small relief
carvings in ivory, used for
book covers, reliquary
boxes, and similar
objects.
 Middle Ages
Arts

• The colors were generally muted. The

Later Middle Ages saw the emergence of
Gothic Art and major advances
of art in Medieval Times. During this
period artists broke away from the
influences of the Byzantium and
Romanesque art style. It developed into
Gothic highly visual art.
RENAISSANCE ARTS
(1400-1600)
RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1400-1600)

• Renaissance means Rebirth, it was the time when people

rediscovered the glory of ancient Greece and Grandeur of
Rome
• The development of art featured the use of perspective,
balance, form, and proportion so that the work would appear
more realistic
• Renaissance art is described as classy, that aims to achieve
perfection and ideals of classicism where balance,
proportion, harmony, and intellectual order became the
standard of the era
• The three great artists of the period were: Leonardo da
Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, and Raphael Santi
 LEONARDO DA VINCI (1425-1519)

• Painted the famous portrait of

La Gioconda, called Mona Lisa
(now in the Louvre Museum,
Paris)

• He applied the chiaroscuro

technique in his works. The
contrast between chiaro (Italian
for light) and scuro (dark)

• He also painted the Last

Supper (housed at Santa Maria
delle Grazie in Milan, Italy)
DA VINCI MONA LISA
 MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI
(1475-1564)
• His first great work of
sculpture is the Pieta (1498-
1500) in St. Peter’s Basilica.
This is his only signed work.
His signature is carved in the
band across Mary’s chest
• He also made the statue of
David (1501-1504)
• He painted the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel in 1508-1512
with great physical discomfort
of having to contort his body
in order to paint it
 RAPHAEL SANZIO (1483-1520)

• He was born eight years

after Michelangelo but he
died 44 years before him
• He painted many version of
the Virgin with the Christ
Child, example: The Virgin
and Child with St. John the
Baptist, 1507 (The Louvre,
Paris)
• His style is calm,
harmonious, and restrained
 Renaissance
Arts

• The style of painting, sculpture and

decorative arts identified with
the Renaissance emerged in Italy in the
late 14th century
• It reached its zenith in the late 15th and
early 16th centuries, in the work of Italian
masters such as Leonardo da Vinci,
Michelangelo and Raphael.
BAROQUE ARTS
BAROQUE PERIOD (1600-1750)

The Baroque is a
period of artistic style that
started around 1600 in
Rome, Italy, and spread
throughout the majority of
Europe during the 17th and
18th centuries. In informal
usage, the word "baroque"
describes something that
is elaborate and highly
detailed.
BAROQUE STYLE

The Baroque style

is characterized by
exaggerated motion and
clear detail used to
produce drama,
exuberance, and
grandeur in sculpture,
painting, architecture,
literature, dance, and
music.
CHIAROSCURO

The use of the "chiaroscuro"

technique is a well known trait of
Baroque art. This technique refers to the
interplay between light and dark and is
often used in paintings of dimly lit scenes
to produce a very high-contrast, dramatic
atmosphere.
"The Massacre of the Innocents" by Peter Paul Rubens
BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE
In the Baroque
style of
architecture,
emphasis was
placed on bold
spaces, domes,
and large masses,
as exemplified by
the Queluz National
Palace in Portugal .
 At the outset
the Rococo style
represented a
reaction against the
ponderous design
of Louis XIV’s
Palace of Versailles
and the official
Baroque art of his
reign.
ROCOCO STYLE
(Late Baroque)
Baroque Style is
characterized by lightness,
elegance, and an exuberant use
of curving, natural forms in
ornamentation. The word
Rococo is derived from the
French word rocaille, which
denoted the shell-covered rock
work that was used to decorate
artificial grottoes.
ROCOCO STYLE

In the Rococo style,

walls, ceilings, and
moldings were decorated
with delicate interlacings
of curves and
countercurves based on
the fundamental shapes
of the “C” and the “S,” as
well as with shell forms
and other natural shapes.
GIAN LORENZO BERNINI (1598-1680)

• The official architect of the

St. Peter’s Basilica

• For 50 years, he worked and

completed the
embellishment of the basilica

• He created the Baldacchino

(98-feet canopy), the
Cathedra Petri or the Throne
of St. Peter, and the Piazza
San Pietro
Baldacchino made of bronze
Chair of Saint Peter
(Latin: Cathedra Petri)
St. Peter’s Basilica
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa made of marble
 Baroque
Arts

• The Baroque style is characterized by

exaggerated motion and clear detail used
to produce drama, exuberance, and
grandeur in sculpture, painting,
architecture, literature, dance, and music.
• Famous painters of the Baroque era
include Rubens, Caravaggio, and
Rembrandt.
NEOCLASSICAL ARTS
NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD
(1750-about early 19th Century)

• Simple forms and colors, avoiding all

unnecessary complications
• Rejecting the bright colors and
movement of the previous Roccoco and
Baroque
• Neoclassic artist was
bound by strict rules. For
example, if an artist
painted a Roman soldier,
he was obliged to make
the armor and weapons
historically correct
• Artworks during this
period were Cupid and
Psyche (1781-1793) by
Antonio Canova; and The
Oath of the Horatii (1784-
1785) by Jacques-Louise
David
NEOCLASSICISM VS. ROMANTICISM

For much of the period 1790-1840,

Neoclassicism coexisted happily with the opposing
tendency of Romanticism. This was because - far
from being opposites - these two styles are
ideologically close to one another. Historical or
mythological compositions are typically based on
inspirational events which can so easily be cast in
a romantic or emotional light. The dividing line
between the two can therefore be quite blurred
ROMANTICISM IN ARTS
1820-1900
ROMANTIC PERIOD
(About early – mid 19th Century)

• Stressed passion,
imagination, and
intuition rather
than logic or
reason
(Romanticism)
• Artist used their
works to highlight
national identity
 ARTISTS OF THE
ROMANTIC PERIOD
Theodore Gericault (French, 1791-1824):
 Mad Woman with a Mania of Envy, (1822-23)
 The Raft of the Medusa
Eugene Delacroix (French, 1798)
 Liberty Leading the People (1830)
Francisco Goya (Spanish, 1746-1828)
 The Execution of the Third of May, (1814)
MODERN ARTS
(Beginning 1800s)
What is Modern Art?

The word
modern suggests
what is up-to-date
and something
“new”
MODERN ARTS

• Unlike in traditional art, the arts of the modern and

contemporary eras are not governed strictly by
the elements of art and principles of organization.
• Modern artists rejected the styles that came before
them, specifically the Romantic style. They revolt
against the Romantic techniques, subjects and
expressions.
• They also rejected physical reality, which was the
subject matter in Realism.
• They removed unnecessary ornaments from their
artworks.
• Modern artist believed that the method of
art-making is more important than the
subject matter. They wanted to depict the
psychological state of humans and abstract
patterns. Their motto became “form follows
function”.
• They liked to show simplicity, tension,
brutality of expression and abstract.
• They did not desire to please nor entertain
the viewer. As a result, these artists
became alienated from public patronage.
IMPRESSIONISM

Derived from the painting of Claude Monet,

Impression: Sunrise, (1874) Focused on
showing the effects of light on things at different
times of the day picture looked unfinished and
the forms are not solid subject is unclear
 Pierre-Auguste Renoir
was a French Impressionist
painter whose eye for
beauty made him one of the
movement's most popular
practitioners. He is best
known for his paintings of
bustling Parisian modernity
and leisure in the last three
decades of the nineteenth
century.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

Artist use bright new

colors that showed
strong personal
expression
Vincent Van Gogh
and Paul Gaugin’s
works are examples
of this style
Paul Cézanne was the
preeminent French artist
of the Post-
Impressionist era,
widely appreciated
toward the end of his life
for insisting that painting
stay in touch with its
material, if not virtually Ginger Jar (Pot de gingembre)
sculptural origins.
NEO-IMPRESSIONISM

A Sunday Afternoon in the Island of La

Grande

• Style devised by George Seurat (French)

• Colors in small dots rather than by means of
the usual brush strokes (pointillism)
FAUVISM

Bright colors, strong

lines, and pattern were
used and seem to burst
from their canvas and
such unusual
combination create a
king of joyous feeling to
the viewer
• Henri Matisse and
Wassily Kandinsky’s
works are examples of
this style
CUBISM

• The most influential style

of the 20th century
• All sides of the objects
are shown, reduces
recognizable images to
geometric forms, or
showing object from
several positions at one
time
• Pablo Picasso is known
for this
EXPRESSIONISM

• Exhibit distortion and use

of bright screaming colors
to express emotions
powerfully
• Reality is interpreted
through modification and
distortion
• Example is Pablo
Picasso’s Guernica,
(1937) which depicts the
bombing of Guernica in
Spain during the Spanish
Civil War
• Edvard Munch’s Scream
DADAISM

• It declared the
absurdity of all
conventions and
destroyed the
notion of art
itsef.
• Marcel
Duchamp’s
Fountain (urinal)
as an example
SURREALISM

• Characterized by
the expression of
the activities of the
unconscious mind
and dream
elements
• Salvador Dali is
one of the artists of
the movement The Persistence of Memory
FUTURISM
• An Italian art
movement which
hoped to glorify the
machine age,
speed travel and
technology. An
exponent of the
movement was
Marcel Duchamp’s
Nude Descending Nude Descending the Staircase
the Staircase
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM

• Artist expresses
his feelings
spontaneously
and without
reference to any
representation of
physical reality
• Jackson Pollock
is an exponent
of this
movement
OP ART

• Means Optical
illusion, which
explores the
artistic ideas that
are possible in
geometric shapes
• Victor Vasarely is
a French painter
of Op Art
 NEOPLASTICISM

Composition
with Red • A non-objective
Yellow and painting that reduced
Blue
forms into horizontal
and vertical
movements and use
only black and white
and the primary colors
• Piet Mondrian was the
practitioner of this art
Broadway Boogie-Woogie
 CINEMA

• Term used worldwide for

films (colloquially known
as movies)
• To document life and
culture through motion
pictures
• The Arrival of a Train at
the Station (1895) –
earliest film recorded
which shows the everyday
life of people
 PHOTOGRAPHY

• From the Greek word photos (light) and

graphos (drawing) = drawing with light

• An art form in the same level as artistic

painting. Both photography and painting
require an artistic approach to the subject
matter
 MODERN ART IN THE PHILIPPINES

• The modern Filipino artist has more

freedom to explore on his own.
• The most interesting works of our
contemporary artists shows his love for
country and evolving culture.
• His style is from cross-cultural exposures
to the Eastern and Western world.
• The form may be universal but the content
is local.
 PHILIPPINE ARTISTS IN THE
MODERN ERA

• Most Filipino artists studied and travelled

abroad to soak and revel in the works of
the great masters in the western world.
• They were independent-minded.
• They did not confine their art in single
style. There was a criss-crossing of paths
along the way.
 MODERN ARTISTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Victorio Edades (Father of Modern Art in the Philippines)

 The Sketch (1928)
 The Builders
• Napoleon Abueva (Father of Modern Philippine Sculture)
 Kaganapan (1953)
 Kiss of Judas (1955)
 Water Buffalo (1957)
• Jose Joya (National Artist, visual arts, 2003)
• Vicente Manansala (National Artist, visual arts, 1981)
• Carlos “Botong” Francisco (National Artist in painting,
1973)
• Mauro Malang Santos
• Hernando Ocampo (National Artist, visual arts, 1991)
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR
VISUAL ARTS
The country had its first
National Artist
in Fernando C.
Amorsolo. The official
title “Grand Old Man of
Philippine Art” was
bestowed on Amorsolo
when the Manila Hilton
inaugurated its art center National Artist for Visual Arts
(May 30, 1892 – April 24, 1972)
on January 23, 1969.
Vicente
Manansala‘s paintings
are described as visions of
reality teetering on the
edge of abstraction. As a
young boy, his talent was
revealed through the copies
he made of the Sagrada
Familia and his mother’s
portrait that he copied from
National Artist for Painting (1981)
a photograph. (January 22, 1910 – August 22,
1981)
Carlos “Botong”
Francisco, the
poet of Angono,
single-handedly
revived the forgotten
art of mural and
remained its most
distinguished
practitioner for nearly
three decades.
Ang Kiukok is
one of the most vital
and dynamic figures
who emerged during
the 60s.. Born to
immigrant Chinese
parents Vicente Ang
and Chin Lim,
National Artist for Visual Arts (2001)
(March 1, 1931 – May 9, 2005)
The development of art in this period
featured the use of perspective, balance,
form, and proportion so that the work would
appear more realistic.
a. Romantic
b. Modern
c. Baroque
d. Renaissance
The development of art in this period
featured the use of perspective, balance,
form, and proportion so that the work would
appear more realistic.
a. Romantic
b. Modern
c. Baroque
d. Renaissance
Characterized by ornate and elaborate or
decorative forms and ornamentations and
has large-scale forms and is filled with
colors to show strong feelings.
a. Romantic
b. Modern
c. Baroque
d. Renaissance
Characterized by ornate and elaborate or
decorative forms and ornamentations and
has large-scale forms and is filled with
colors to show strong feelings.
a. Romantic
b. Modern
c. Baroque
d. Renaissance
The most influential style of the 20th century
which reduces recognizable images to
geometric forms, showing object from
several positions at one time dominated by
Pablo Picasso.
a. Modernism
b. Expressionism
c. Abstract
d. Cubism
The most influential style of the 20th century
which reduces recognizable images to
geometric forms, showing object from
several positions at one time dominated by
Pablo Picasso.
a. Modernism
b. Expressionism
c. Abstract
d. Cubism
ASIAN ARTS
CHARACTERISTICS

• It is inspired by symbolism and motif.

• The plum, pine, and bamboo are favourite
subject because of their symbolism.
 Plum symbolizes endurance and adversity
 Pine and turtle symbolize longevity
 Bamboo stands for uprightness and steadfast
 Rabbit symbolizes fertility and good fortune
 Phoenix represents the empress
• Dragon the most powerful and represents the
emperor
FUNCTIONS OF ASIAN ART

RELIGIOUS FUNCTIONS
 Temples
 Buddhas
 Stupas – bell-shaped
dome in Thailand
 Pagodas
AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS
 Paintings
 Woodblock printing
(Ukiyo-e)
PRACTICAL FUNCTIONS
 Batik – is a process of
dyeing cloth by printing
design on wax so that only
the exposed areas are
penetrated by the dye. This
was is removed after dyeing
 Kitchen wares
 Ikebana – flower
arrangement which follows 3
principles: heaven, man,
earth (rikko style)
 Origami – Paper folding
E-MAKIMONO (rolled picture)

Traditional painting
of Japan which derives its
themes and subject
matter from the monks
and priests, histories of
monasteries and temples,
episodes from political
and military history
NATURE OF CHINESE PAINTING

• Characterized by its use of pure line

• Chinese are famous for their calligraphy
or beautiful writing (Greek word “kalos”
meaning beautiful, and “grapho”
meaning to write)
• Frequently portrays flowers, animals, and
other natural form
• Scroll painting (rolls of paper or silk) is
traditional to China
ARCHITECTURE

• Relief sculptures are

integrated with
architecture
• Ajanta caves –
Buddhist rock-cut
cave temples and
monasteries in
Western India
• Taj Mahal –
mausoleum in white
marble in India
TEA CEREMONY (cha-no-yu)

Cha-no-yu is a
ritual and serious
artistic activity which is
to appreciate the spirit
of naturally
harmonious blending
of heaven and earth.
Seeing the kimono
(traditional full-length
garments), one’s
sense of sight is
cleansed
Smelling the
flowers, one’s
sense of smell is
cleansed
Handling tea
utensils, one’s sense
of touch is cleansed
Listening to dripping
of water, one’s sense
of hearing is
cleansed
Tasting teas,
one’s sense of
taste is cleansed
 ASIAN DANCES

Most Asian
dances narrate
stories based on
folklore, historical
events, legends,
and everyday life
 DANCE IN INDIA

 Performed in the sacred

Hindu musical theaters
 Dances called Agama
Nartanam performed
inside the temple
according to the rituals
while Carnatakam
dances performed in
royal courts, and
Darbari Aattam dances
for commoners
DANCE IN CHINA

 Performed as sacrifices
and divinations and
were used as a form of
communication
between gods and men
 Lion or Dragon dance
one of the well-liked
dance forms familiar to
people which believed
to bring luck and
happiness
DANCE IN JAPAN

 Performed by many
members of the
community
originated from
agricultural people
for secular and
ritual purposes
 Kabuki dancing
performed by men
on stage in simple
steps
DANCE IN INDONESIA

 One of the highly

acclaimed dances of
Bali is the legong

- The dance features

highly controlled
movements of the arms
and legs
 DANCE IN KOREA

• Originated from
ancient
shamanistic rituals
• Types of dances
are: the hermit
dance, ghost
dance, fan dance,
the monk dance,
and the entertainer
dance
THAI DANCE

 Thai khon dance

is a traditional
performance of
which dancing
and acting are
combined to form
royal court’s
entertainment.
JAPAN’S INDIGENOUS
THEATER FORMS

NOH
 Actors wear masks
and speak and
sing in
monotonous
manner
 Usually
accompanied by a
chorus and
traditional
Japanese musical
instruments
KABUKI
 Rhythmical lines
spoken by actors
 Colourful make-up,
and a stage full of
mechanical devices
for special effects
 CHINESE PEKING OPERA

• Extremely popular
in the Qing
Dynasty court and
regarded as one of
China’s cultural
treasures
• Represented by
two musicians, a
vocalist, and a
drum player
• During the
performance, the
p’ansori singer
presents a dramatic
story through song
(sori), dialogue or
narration (aniri)
and dramatic action
indicated by simple
gestures (pallim)
TRADITIONAL ASIAN
PUPPET PLAY

BUNRAKU
 Traditional puppet
theatre of Japan
 Composed of the
puppeteers,
chanters, and the
shamisen (three-
string musical
instrument played
with a plectrum)
players
WAYANG KULIT

• Javanese name for

shadow puppets.
Performed to the
accompaniment of
Javanese gamelan
musical
instruments
• The puppeteers or
dalang operates
and speaks for all
the puppets
One of the well-liked dance forms familiar to
people often performed during new year’s
day which is believed to bring luck and
happiness.
a. Kabuki
b. Lion Dance
c. Legong
d. Khon dance
One of the well-liked dance forms familiar to
people often performed during new year’s
day which is believed to bring luck and
happiness.
a. Kabuki
b. Lion Dance
c. Legong
d. Khon dance
Which of the following performances is not a
traditional play from Asia?
a. Peking Opera
b. Kabuki
c. Legong
d. Noh
Which of the following performances is not a
traditional play from Asia?
a. Peking Opera
b. Kabuki
c. Legong
d. Noh
MARAMING SALAMAT PO!