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Philosophers' Timeline

This document provides a timeline and overview of important philosophers from 600 BCE to 1596 CE. It discusses their ideas about the fundamental substances that reality is made of, including water, air, numbers, change, and atoms. Key philosophers mentioned include Thales, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Leucippus, and Descartes.

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Kurt Quinones
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316 views5 pages

Philosophers' Timeline

This document provides a timeline and overview of important philosophers from 600 BCE to 1596 CE. It discusses their ideas about the fundamental substances that reality is made of, including water, air, numbers, change, and atoms. Key philosophers mentioned include Thales, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Leucippus, and Descartes.

Uploaded by

Kurt Quinones
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Philosophers’ Timeline

●600 B.C.E.

-started to diverge from the mythological tradition

-emerged the beginnings of Western Philosophy

-the underlying substance that reality is made of must be water


because water is everywhere

-the first man in recorded history to veer away from

mythological tradition and began to view things in a different angle

●610 B.C.E.

- one of the earliest philosophers in the Western world

-argued that neither water nor any of the other candidates can
embrace all of the opposites found in nature (e.g. water can only be wet,
never dry) and therefore cannot be the one primary substance or first
principle of the universe.

-He believed that the earth is cylindrical and is suspended in space. In


addition, he was that first philosopher to attempt to draw a map.

-He judged that, although not directly perceptible to us, the only substance
which could explain all the opposites he saw around him, is what he
called "apeiron"(variously translated as "the infinite", "the boundless", etc),
an endless, unlimited primordial mass, subject to neither old age nor decay,
that perpetually yielded fresh materials from which everything we perceive is
derived.
●585 B.C.E.

-concluded that the fundamental substance must be air.

-Asserted that earthquakes were the result either of lack of moisture or


super abundance of water.

-Asserted that lightning is caused by the violent separation of clouds by the


wind

-Asserted that rainbows are formed when densely compressed air is touched
by the sun.

●570 B.C.E.

-leader of religious cult, known as the Pythagoreans.

- treated philosophy in a different way; it was a life. For him, philosophy


and religion are connected and merged into one

- gave importance to the contemplative life for this cathartic process of


purification

-believed that the primary constituent of reality would be numbers.

-has the principle of the finite (even numbers) and the infinite (odd
numbers)

●500 B.C.E.

-was known for the mystical nature of his philosophy, especially his idea
about change.

-believes that the only thing that is permanent in this world is change
-was known to have said: “You cannot step twice into the same rivers, for
fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you. We step and do not step into
the same rivers; we are and are not”

-first philosopher who wrote about the idea of change until the present
day.

●450 B.C.E.

-the leader of the Eleatic school

-His philosophical idea is a contradiction of the idea of change from


Heraclitus.

-Change, for him is merely an illusion

-for him, there is no such thing as change and motion

-His idea that reality is being and that we are, therefore, interconnected
had inspired phenomenology and existentialism in their notion of being

-his idea of reality as the absolute, construed as an inclusive, ultimate,


and comprehensive whole

●493 B.C.E.

-believed himself to be immortal and that he had magical powers

-was known to have cured somebody who was comatose for 24 months

-he firmly believed that he was immortal and prove this, he leaped into
the mouth of Mt. Etna, an active volcano in Sicily, southern Italy, that led
to his untimely death

-was the proponent of the notion that reality is made up of the four
elements, namely, earth, air, fire, and water.
-regarded as a pluralist because he had four elements as his fundamental
substances that reality is made of, instead of only one substance.

●480 B.C.E.

-believed that there is not just one element that reality is made of.

-For him, there are as many seeds or elements as there are kinds of
things

-for him, matter becomes infinitely divisible

-idea about the nous or the mind, which was conceived of as external but is
infinite and is self-ruled and according to him, “has the greatest strength
and power over all things”.

●490 B.C.E.

-a student and loyal follower of Parmenides

-went to prove the assumption by pronouncing that there is no motion

-contributed the idea that the ultimate substance that reality is made of are
atoms.

●1596

-likened the world to a machine with pieces working like a clockwork


mechanism
• -argued that the machine can only be understood if an individual would
take its pieces apart and study its individual components before putting
it back together to understand the bigger picture

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