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Directory Operations: The Below Are The Linux Commands Which Are Used Frequently in

The document provides information on various Linux commands including mkdir for creating directories, cd for changing directories, pwd for showing the present working directory, rmdir for removing directories, and clear for clearing the screen. It also discusses commands for creating, viewing, copying, moving, concatenating, and removing files like touch, cat, cp, mv, and rm. Additional commands covered include wc for word count, tee for displaying and redirecting output, sed for stream editing and substitution, awk for processing rows and columns in a file, grep for searching files, chmod for changing file permissions, head and tail for viewing file headers and footers, and kill for terminating processes. The vi text editor is also summarized.

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80 views6 pages

Directory Operations: The Below Are The Linux Commands Which Are Used Frequently in

The document provides information on various Linux commands including mkdir for creating directories, cd for changing directories, pwd for showing the present working directory, rmdir for removing directories, and clear for clearing the screen. It also discusses commands for creating, viewing, copying, moving, concatenating, and removing files like touch, cat, cp, mv, and rm. Additional commands covered include wc for word count, tee for displaying and redirecting output, sed for stream editing and substitution, awk for processing rows and columns in a file, grep for searching files, chmod for changing file permissions, head and tail for viewing file headers and footers, and kill for terminating processes. The vi text editor is also summarized.

Uploaded by

ranga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINUX

The below are the Linux commands which are used frequently in

Directory operations
mkdir vinaytech --creating directory

ch vinaytech --changing directory (connecting to the directory)

pwd --

rmdir vinaytech --removing directory

cd.. --going to previous directory

cd..\.. -- two directories back

cd --going to root directory

clear -- clearing the scrren

CAT
Creating files

A) By using TOUCH command (for ZERO BYTE FILE creation)


B) By using CAT command
C) By using VI EDITOR

Cat Command:

To create/append/modify content in the file.

Examples:

Crating:

Cat > tdclass

EID ENAME ELOC


1 X HYD
2 Y MUM
3 Z USA

Ctrl + d

To view the file

Cat tdclass

Copying file

cp tdclass tdclass1
Remove file

rm tdclass1

Moving file

Mv tdclass1 tdclass2

Concatenate and displaying data

Cat tdclass1 tdclass2

Concatenate and redirect to other file

Cat tdclass1 tdclass2 > tdclass3

WC
Wc -->Word count

Real time:
For Reconciliation and Unit testing
While performing ETL operations on files

Wc -l <Filename> -->Count no of lines


Wc -c <Filename> -->Number of characters in a file
Wc -w <Filename> -->Number of words

To see words and Lines at a time


wc -wl

Piping Operator (||)--> Redirects the information.

wc lc tdclass || tee filestats

In this situation lines and characters info redirected to


filestats file.

TEE
Tee : Display and Redirect

Real Time:
Most frequently used command at the time of
executing utilities in Unix prompt / script

wc lc tdclass || tee filestats

In the above example result displayed and redirected.


SED
SED : (Stream Editor)

It is a special editor for working/ modifying / substituting


etc..operations on the files data.

Mostly we use SED and Option s for Substitution.

Examples:
sed 's/HYD/Hyderabad/' tdclass

sed 's/HYD/Hyderabad/3g' tdclass -->3rd line to all


occurances

sed 's/HYD/Hyderabad/g' tdclass -->All occurances replaced

sed -n '$=' tdclass-->Counts lines in a file

sed 's/HYD/Hyderabad/g' tdclass > Tdresult


--> Result redirection

etc...

AWK
AWK -->
Most powerful command for processing rows and columns in a file

Awk supports
A) Conditional Operators
B) Blocks
C) Loops
D) String functions
E) Associative Arrays

Some people using awk command for automating(SCHDULING)the applications


in Unix environment inside the scripts.

AWK 'BEGIN {start_action} {action} END {end_action}' <filename>

Examples:

awk '{print 1$}' tdclass -->first column it returns

awk '{print 1$,3$}' tdclass -->first 3 columns it returns(1-3


columns)

GREP
GREP-->GLOBALLY SEARCH A REGULAR EXPRESSION AND PATTERN
Useful for identifying a partial / full string in the file.

Syn: Grep <text> <filename>

Ex: Grep vinay tdclass

Grep "td class" tdclass --> Two words validation

Grep vinay tdclass tdclass1 -->multi file


verification

Grep vinay * --> All files verification


CHMOD
CHMOD : Changing Mode

Useful for assigning and removing privileges / permissions

Users Group Owners

r w x r w x r w x

Octal notation : r --> 4 w-->2 x-->1

Examples:

chmod u+w tdclass --> Users write access


chmod o+x tdclass--> Owners execute access
chmod 000 tdclass--> No access to owners ,groups and users

chmod 724 tdclass->Users Full access,Group write,Owners


read

chmod 777 tdclass-->Full privileges to Users,Owners and


Group

HEAD
HEAD-->DISPLAY FIRST LINES OF THE FILE

SYN : Head -n <Filename>


EX: Head -2 tdclass

TAIL
TAIL-->DISPLAY LAST LINE OF A FILE

SYN: Tail -n <Filename>


EX: Tail -2 tdclass

REAL TIME: To see header and Footer information embedded


in the data

To eliminate header and footer while loading


the data etc..
CREATING HIDDEN FILE
Cat > .tdclass

PS
PS COMMAND:(PROCESS STATUS COMMAND)

REAL TIME :
a) To identify processes running
b) To kill / abort /terminate /halt process
etc...

Process is nothing but an instance of the Executing Program

There are two important terminologies:

a) PID (Process ID) b) PPID (Parent Process ID)

KILL
KILL command: Kills the process

Syn: Kill [-Signal] processid

Ex: a) Kill 237


b) Kill =15 237

Signal : Helps the system to implement the option to the


process id

0-> Null Signal


2-->Hangup
3-->Quit
15-->Terminate

VI EDITOR
VI EDITOR:(VIRTUAL INTERPRITER / INTERFACE)
Syn:
VI <filename> <Enter Key>

By pressing Escape with the below characters enter the data

A or a
I or i
O or o

To goto the next / previous characters use the below

L H J K
TO GOTO 3 LINES BACK WE USE 3K / 3H / 3I

W->ONE WORD FORWARD


2W->TWO WORDS FORWARD
P->ONE WORD PREVIOUS
2P->TWO WORDS PREVIOUS

$-->END KEY
^ OR Q --> Home Key

H--> Beginning of the Page


M->Middle of the Page
L->End of the page

x->deleting character

CTRL + D -->DELETING LINE


CTRL + W --> DELETING WORD

CTRL DD->CUT
CTRL P-->PASTE

: W <FILENAME> // W FOR SAVING

: q! //Quitting

: wq! //Save and Quit

: set nu // assigns line numbers

:set nonu //removing line numbers

:3 //going to third line

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