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Chapter-1 Basic Fundamental: When Was The First Computer Invented?

The document discusses the history and basics of computers. It addresses: 1) The first mechanical computer was created by Charles Babbage in 1822, though the term "computer" originally referred to humans performing calculations. 2) The first general purpose computer concept was Babbage's Analytical Engine in 1837, though it was never built. The first programmable computer was created by Konrad Zuse in 1936. 3) A computer consists of both hardware and software. Hardware refers to physical components like the system unit, monitor, and keyboard. Software provides instructions to make the computer work through programs stored on storage devices.

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Mohan Pujapanda
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60 views5 pages

Chapter-1 Basic Fundamental: When Was The First Computer Invented?

The document discusses the history and basics of computers. It addresses: 1) The first mechanical computer was created by Charles Babbage in 1822, though the term "computer" originally referred to humans performing calculations. 2) The first general purpose computer concept was Babbage's Analytical Engine in 1837, though it was never built. The first programmable computer was created by Konrad Zuse in 1936. 3) A computer consists of both hardware and software. Hardware refers to physical components like the system unit, monitor, and keyboard. Software provides instructions to make the computer work through programs stored on storage devices.

Uploaded by

Mohan Pujapanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter-1

Basic Fundamental
When was the first computer invented?
Ans There is no easy answer to this question due to the many different classifications of
computer. The first mechanical computer created by Charless Babbage in 1822.
When the word was “Computer” first used?
Ans The word “Computer” was first recorded as being used in 1613 and originally was used to
describe a human who performed calculations or computations. The definition of a
computer remained the same unit the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution
gave rise to machines whose primary purpose was calculating.
In 1837 Charless Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the
Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine contained an ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), basic
flow control, Punch card (Inspired by the Jacquard Loom) and integrated memory. It is the
first general purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues this
computer was also never built while Charless Babbage was alive. In 1910, Henry Babbage,
Charless Babbage’s youngest son was able to complete a portion of this machine and was
able to perform basic calculation.
 First programmable computer was created by German Konrad Zuse in 1936 & 1938
 The first electric programmable computer developed by Tommy Flowers in December
1943
 The first digital computer development by professor John Uincent Atanasoff and
graduate student Cliff Berry in 1937 to 1946
Full form of Computer: - Commonly
Operated
Machine
Particularly
Used for
Training / Technology
Education
Research

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What is Computer?
Ans Computer is an electronic device that store, retrieves & processes data and can be
programmed with instruction. A computer is composed of Hardware and Software and can
exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.
What is Hardware?
Ans The term Hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as the system
unit, mouse, keyboard, monitor etc.
What is Software?
Ans The Software is the instruction that makes the computer work. Software is held either or
your computer hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD or on a diskette (Floppy disk) and is loaded (i.e.
copied) from the disk into the computer RAM as and when required.
Types of Computers:-
Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, through there is
considerable overlap.
Personal Computer
A small single user computer based on a microprocessor
Work Station
A powerful single user computer. A workstation is live a personal computer, but it has a
more powerful microprocessor and in general a higher quality monitor.
Mini Computer
A multi user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously.
Main Frame
A powerful multi user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.
Super Computer
An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per
second.
The Sequence of Data Processing
What is Data?
Ans Data is a collection of facts and figures which is processed to produce information. Facts or
data can be any set of item. Data can be words, numbers, symbols, graphics etc.

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What is Processing?
Ans The process which un jumbles the data and arranges them into organized manner in called
processing of raw data into meaningful information.
What is Information?
Ans When we process data to give them meaning the results is information. It is the process by
which raw data gets transferred into meaningful information. You can say end product of
data processing is information.

DATA INPUT PROCESS INFORMATION

Keyboard CPU Monitor


(Input) (Output)
Input Devices
Input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) to provide data and
control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information
appliance.
Input device translate data from that humans understand to one that the computer can work
with. Most common are keyboard and mouse.
Example of manual Input Devices: - Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Webcam, Camera, Joystick etc.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A CPU is brain of a computer. It is responsible for all functions and processes. Regarding
computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.
The CPU is comprised of 3 main parts:-
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Executes all arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic calculation like as
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operation like compare numbers,
letter or computer components.
2. Control Unit (CU)
Controls and co-ordinates computer components.
3. Registers
Stores the data that is to be executed next.
Output Devices
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to
communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system
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(such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human
readable from.
For Example: - Monitor, Printers, Speaker, Projector etc.
Program
& Data Input Storage Output
Unit Unit Unit Results

Control
Unit

Central
Processing
Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic Logic
Unit

Dotted lines (……..)


indicate flow of
instruction
Solid lines (____)
indicate flow of Data

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