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1.02. - Intenet and Java

This document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet and Java programming language. It describes how the Internet started as a way to send email and transfer files, but grew with the introduction of the World Wide Web, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and web browsers. The document then explains how Java was created as a platform-independent programming language to develop applications for the Internet and World Wide Web. Key terms related to Java like bytecode, APIs, and the Java Virtual Machine are also defined.

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Nikhil Upadhyay
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41 views

1.02. - Intenet and Java

This document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet and Java programming language. It describes how the Internet started as a way to send email and transfer files, but grew with the introduction of the World Wide Web, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and web browsers. The document then explains how Java was created as a platform-independent programming language to develop applications for the Internet and World Wide Web. Key terms related to Java like bytecode, APIs, and the Java Virtual Machine are also defined.

Uploaded by

Nikhil Upadhyay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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17/07/2019

Internet and Java


Dr. Pankaj Kumar

Outline
• Internet and its Evolution
• Internet Tools
• Web and its Programming
• Java for Internet Programming

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What is the Internet ?


• It is a global network of computers that
communicate with each other using a variety
of protocols and overcoming various
communication barriers.
• It is like International Telephone System.

Internet Technology Evolution


• Internet is much bigger than what we think
• More than 30 years old
• More than doubling every year
• Technology effect
▫ Suddenly everybody sees the need for a technology
▫ Like the radio or the TV
• 10 terabytes flows everyday

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Usage of Internet
• Use of internet advertisement/elections/newspapers
• Information is public
• Network is the computer
• Intranets - internal TCP/IP nets
• PC accounts for 55% of total IT
• Applications tied to platform - API lock-in

Early Internet
• Early Internet supported only email .
• File Transfer Protocol development - ftp sites.
• Network News was added to the Internet.
• Archie - A program to canvass anonymous ftp sites and create a
database of what is available.
• Gopher- A menu-driven interface used to search for information.
• Archie and Gopher could answer questions only like ‘what FTP server
contains info about “xxxx”.

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World Wide Web (WWW)


• World Wide Web conceptualized by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in
Switzerland.
• Concept of Hypertext led to the development of the Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML).
• Tim Berners-Lee proposed the ‘Browser’ program.
• Scientists at CERN designed a TCP/IP based protocol to share Hypertext
information called HTTP.
• WWW officially is described as a “Wide-area hypermedia information
retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of
documents”.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)


• Hypertext point to information which can be local or remotely located.
• HTML - Derivative of the SGML (Standard Generalized Markup
Language).
• HTML - information, commands for the Browser for formatting
documents.
• HTML - The de-facto language for publishing on the Internet.
• Hypermedia - Hyper-links to Multimedia.

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Internet Tools
• Browsers: A tool used to view documents on the WWW.
• Web Servers: Machines which run the HTTP-server Software that
respond to HTTP requests which it receives.
• Authoring Tools: Editors specially made for editing HTML documents.
• Filters: Tools to convert legacy documents to HTML format.
• Scripting: Languages used for scripting.
• WAIS: Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) for indexing and doing full
text searches.

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How does the Web work?


• Web: Designed around Client/Server Architecture
• Web Clients (Web Browsers): send requests for documents to any Web
Server.
• Web Server: Program that responds to HTTP requests
• Hyperlink
• Web client connects to the specified Web Server.
• The server responds by sending the information asked for.
• The Browser formats the received HTML data and displays it.

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Send the “INFORMATION”

HTTP

The client sends an HTTP message to a computer


running a Web Server program and asks for a
document

Information

The web server sends the hypermedia HTML documents to the client.
We end up seeing the document on our screen

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HTML
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a Heading.</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

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Universal Resource Locators (URLs)


• Every resource available on the Web - HTML document, image, video
clip, program, etc. - has an address that may be encoded by a Universal
Resource Locator, or “URL”.
• URLs-Each name is unique across the Internet.
• An URL looks like this
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html
• Parts of a URL are
▫ Service type, System Name, Port, Directory path, Filename, Search
Components or Variables

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Application

The Web
• Seeded by HTML from CERN
• Revolutionized by MOSAIC – a web browser
• Standardized, universal interface to data and
Graphical BROWSER
• Broadcast capability - publish once, reach
OS OS OS OS
millions
Application Application

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Making life easier!


• Data on the web
• Browser platform independent
• Click on application - run on any machine
• Java the programming language of the 21 century

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Java - An Introduction
• Java - The new programming language from Sun Microsystems (now
owned by Oracle Corporation) in 23 May 1995.
• Java - Allows anyone to publish a web page with Java code in it
• Java - CPU Independent language
• Created for consumer electronics
• Java - designed by James Arthur Gosling
• Oak -The predecessor of Java

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Java Glossary
Term Definition
Bytecode The instruction set for Java Virtual Machine, created from source files into bytecode
by the compiler
API Application Programming Interface is the way to expose a set of pre-defined classes
and interfaces to external clients to interact with them, without sharing the
implementation details
Autoboxing automatic conversion between the primitive types and their corresponding object
wrapper classes.
Garbage Collection The process by which the JVM automatically frees up unused memory
JAR Java Archive is the default Java packaging mechanism to aggregate multiple files into
one (similar to .zip)

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Java Glossary
JDK JDK (Java SE Development Kit) Includes a complete JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
plus tools for developing, debugging, and monitoring Java applications. JDK is
required to build and run Java applications and applets.
JRE JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment which is used to provide an environment at
runtime. It is the cause of implementation of JVM. It contains a set of supporting
libraries in combination with core classes and various other files that are used by JVM
at runtime. JRE is a part of JDK (Java Development Toolkit) but can be downloaded
separately.
JVM The Java Virtual Machine is called JVM, is an abstract computing machine or virtual
machine interface that drives the java code.
JVM generates a .class (Bytecode) file, and that file can be run in any OS, but JVM
should have in OS because JVM is platform dependent.

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JVM Structure

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Difference between JDK, JRE and JVM

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