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Ecj Unit-1

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is an API that allows Java programs to connect to databases. There are four types of JDBC drivers: JDBC-ODBC bridge driver, native driver, network protocol driver, and thin driver. The drivers differ in how they implement the connection - from using ODBC calls, to native database libraries, to direct database protocols. Thin drivers have the best performance as they directly convert JDBC calls to vendor protocols without other middleware layers.

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45 views6 pages

Ecj Unit-1

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is an API that allows Java programs to connect to databases. There are four types of JDBC drivers: JDBC-ODBC bridge driver, native driver, network protocol driver, and thin driver. The drivers differ in how they implement the connection - from using ODBC calls, to native database libraries, to direct database protocols. Thin drivers have the best performance as they directly convert JDBC calls to vendor protocols without other middleware layers.

Uploaded by

azam Ameen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATABASE Connectivity jdbc :-

Java JDBC Tutorial

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a Java API

to connect and execute the query with the database. It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition). JDBC
API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database. There are four types of JDBC drivers:

JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver,

Native Driver,

Network Protocol Driver, and

Thin Driver

We have discussed the above four drivers in the next chapter.

We can use JDBC API to access tabular data stored in any relational database. By the help of JDBC API,
we can save, update, delete and fetch data from the database. It is like Open Database Connectivity
(ODBC) provided by Microsoft.

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)

The current version of JDBC is 4.3. It is the stable release since 21st September, 2017. It is based on the
X/Open SQL Call Level Interface. The java.sql package contains classes and interfaces for JDBC API. A list
of popular interfaces of JDBC API are given below:

Driver interface

Connection interface

Statement interface

Prepared Statement interface

Callable Statement interface


Result Set interface

Result Set Meta Data interface

Database Meta Data interface

Row Set interface

A list of popular classes of JDBC API are given below:

DriverManager class

Blob class

Clob class

Types class

Why Should We Use JDBC

Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute the query with the database. But,
ODBC API uses ODBC driver which is written in C language (i.e. platform dependent and unsecured).
That is why Java has defined its own API (JDBC API) that uses JDBC drivers (written in Java language).

We can use JDBC API to handle database using Java program and can perform the following activities:

Connect to the database

Execute queries and update statements to the database

Retrieve the result received from the database.

What Is API?
Application Programming Interface
=====================================================================================
Database Driver in jdbc.
A database driver is a computer program that implements a protocol (ODBC or JDBC) for a database
connection. The driver works . ... To connect with individual databases.

JDBC Driver is a software component that enables java application to interact with the database.

There are 4 types of JDBC drivers:

JDBC-ODBC bridge driver

Native - API driver (partially java driver)

Network Protocol driver (fully java driver)

Thin driver (fully java driver)

1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver


The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC driver to connect to the database. The JDBC-ODBC bridge
driver converts JDBC method calls into the ODBC function calls.

Advantages:
easy to use.
can be easily connected to any database.

Disadvantages:
because JDBC method call is converted into the ODBC function calls.

The ODBC driver to be installed on machine.

2) Native-API driver
The Native API driver uses the client-side libraries of the database. The driver converts JDBC method
calls into native calls of the database API.

Advantage:
performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge driver.

Disadvantage :

The Native driver needs to be installed on the each client machine.


The Vendor client library needs to be installed on client machine.

3) Network Protocol driver


The Network Protocol driver uses middleware (application server) that converts JDBC calls directly or
indirectly into the vendor-specific database protocol. It is fully written in java.

Advantage:
No client side library is required of application server like auditing, load balancing, logging etc.

Disadvantages:
Network support is required on client machine.

Requires database-specific coding to be done in the middle tier.


4) Thin driver
The thin driver converts JDBC calls directly into the vendor-specific database protocol. That is why it is
known as thin driver. It is fully written in Java language.

Advantage:
Better performance than all other drivers.

No software is required at client side or server side.

Disadvantage:
Drivers depend on the Database.

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