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MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1

This document provides solutions and hints for questions in Tutorial 3 of the course MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1. It includes worked solutions for determining the cross product and dot product of vectors, finding the equation of a line and plane, and determining whether lines are parallel, intersect, or skew. It also provides hints for using properties of the cross product to solve problems about vectors.

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Cindy Ding
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views2 pages

MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1

This document provides solutions and hints for questions in Tutorial 3 of the course MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1. It includes worked solutions for determining the cross product and dot product of vectors, finding the equation of a line and plane, and determining whether lines are parallel, intersect, or skew. It also provides hints for using properties of the cross product to solve problems about vectors.

Uploaded by

Cindy Ding
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1

Tutorial 3: Selected Answers, Solutions and Hints


 
i j k
Q1. (a) a × b = det  3 4 −2  = (4, −6, −6)
0 −2 2
 
i j k
(b) c × a = det  −6 −8 4  = (0, 0, 0)
3 4 −2

(c) Area= 12 ||a × b|| = 21 ||(4, −6, −6)|| = 22
 
3 4 −2
Q2. (a) a · b × d = det  0 −2 2  = 3 × (−2) × 1 = −6
0 0 1
(b) not possible
 
i j k
(c) d × (a × b) = d × (4, −6, −6) = det  0 0 1  = (6, 4, 0)
4 −6 −6
(d) The oriented volume is
3 4 −2

0 −2 2 = −6,

0 0 1
so the volume is 6.

Q3. One possible answer is u = i, v = i and w = j.

Q4. A2 = ||a × b||2 = ||a||2 ||b||2 sin2 θ where θ is the angle between a and b. Hence

A2 = ||a||2 ||b||2 (1 − cos2 θ)


= ||a||2 ||b||2 − ||a||2 ||b||2 cos2 θ
= (a · a)(b · b) − (a · b)2

a · a a · b
= .
b · a b · b

Challenge: Find a similar formula for the volume of a parallelepiped in R3 .

Q5. The line has direction (1, 0, −2) − (0, 0, −1) = (1, 0, −1).
So

– the vector form is r = (0, 0, −1) + t(1, 0, −1), t ∈ R,


– the Cartesian form is
x z+1
= , y = 0 or x = −z − 1, y = 0.
1 −1
Q6. (a) A normal to the plane is given by the coefficients of x, y and z and so is (2, 4, −7).
(b) Substituting x = 5, y = 0 and z = 1 into the plane equation gives

2x + 4y − 7z = 2 × 5 + 4 × 0 − 7 × 1 = 3 6= 5

so (5, 0, 1) does not lie on the plane.

Mathematics and Statistics 1 University of Melbourne


MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1

Q7. Two vectors in the plane are given by u = (2, −1, 4) − (3, 2, 1) = (−1, −3, 3) and
v = (5, 1, 1) − (3, 2, 1) = (2, −1, 0).
So the vector equation is r = (3, 2, 1) + s(−1, −3, 3) + t(2, −1, 0), s, t ∈ R.
A normal vector to the plane is

i j k

n = (−1, −3, 3) × (2, −1, 0) = −1 −3 3 = (3, 6, 7)

2 −1 0

and the Cartesian equation is 3x + 6y + 7z = 28

Q8. The augmented matrix is


   
2 −1 3 2 R2 ↔R1 1 0 1 1 R →R −2R
2 2 1
−−−−→ −− −−− −−→
1 0 1 1 2 −1 3 2
   
1 0 1 1 R2 →−R2 1 0 1 1
−−−−−→
0 −1 1 0 0 1 −1 0

From this we read off the solution as x = 1 − t, y = z = t. Hence the intersection is the line

r = (x, y, z) = (1, 0, 0) + t(−1, 1, 1), t∈R in vector form

and 1−x=y =z in Cartesian form

Q9. (a) The directions of the lines L1 and L2 are given by u = (1, 1, 2) and v = (−1, 2, 1)
respectively. So the lines are not parallel.
(b) The vector n = u × v = 3(−1, −1, 1) is perpendicular to both lines.
Points on L1 and L2 are P = (0, 1, 1) and Q = (4, 1, 2) respectively.
The shortest distance between the lines is
−→
P Q · n √
= 3.

knk

(c) The lines are skew, since they are not parallel and do not intersect.

Q10. (a) 1, 2, 1, 2 (b) 0, 0, 1, 2 (c) 1, 2, 2, 2 (d) 0, 0, 0, 2

Q11. Hint: u × (v × w) is orthogonal to v × w.

Mathematics and Statistics 2 University of Melbourne

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