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Human Development Index: Different Measures of Development

The document discusses different measures used to assess a country's development beyond just GDP. It introduces the Human Development Index (HDI), which was developed by the UN to provide a more comprehensive picture of development by also accounting for factors like life expectancy, education levels, and standard of living. The HDI scores countries on a scale of 0 to 1 based on these various social and economic indicators. Countries with a score over 0.8 are considered to have high human development.

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Akira Toriyama
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44 views4 pages

Human Development Index: Different Measures of Development

The document discusses different measures used to assess a country's development beyond just GDP. It introduces the Human Development Index (HDI), which was developed by the UN to provide a more comprehensive picture of development by also accounting for factors like life expectancy, education levels, and standard of living. The HDI scores countries on a scale of 0 to 1 based on these various social and economic indicators. Countries with a score over 0.8 are considered to have high human development.

Uploaded by

Akira Toriyama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Different measures of development

1)GDP is also criticized because it does not take


into consideration other aspects that define human
well-being like life expectancy and educational
attainment.
It is for these reasons that alternative ways of
measuring standard of living have emerged. One of
these is the Human Development Index or HDI.
Developed by the United Nations, HDI takes into
account GDP and adds other factors to measure
other aspects of human development:
knowledge, longevity and decent standard of
living. The main indicators used are life
expectancy, adult literacy rate and gross
enrollment ratio and per capita GDP. HDI index
values range from 0 to 1. Those countries with an
HDI of over 0.800 are part of the High Human
Development group.
2)data may be hard to collect due to disaster o a
conflicto, rapid migration of people into cities
make hard the collection to know how many people
live in a place and what they earn, data not
always be accurate cause people lie about they
earnigs.
Development, population change and demographic
transition model
1) the rate of natural increase (RNI) is
classified as the crude birth rate minus the
crude death rate. The population of Sierra
Leone, estimated at 5.5 million in 2008, has
a natural increase rate of 2.3% per annum,
with children 0–14 years representing about
45% of the population. The crude birth and
death rates are 45 and 22 per 1000
population, respectively.
2) The rate of population growth changes over
time when there are fluctuations in the
birth and death rate of whatever species it
is you’re examining. Using humans for
example, if there are more births and fewer
deaths this will lead to population
increase. Mortality rate can be affected by
many things such as disease, famine, natural
disaster, conflict, availability of medical
care etc.
If there are fewer births than deaths then
the population growth will decrease, Birth
rate can be influenced by all of the same
things as mortality but also by social
factors such as education, availability of
contraceptives and abortion, government
policy.
3)
a. clear indicator of a countries level of
development. one One weakness:can be affected by
population policies such as China's one
child, Figures in less developed countries not
necessarily accurate.
b. Life expectancy has increased rapidly since the
Enlightenment. Estimates suggest that in a pre-
modern, poor world, life expectancy was around 30
years in all regions of the world. In the early
19th century, life expectancy started to increase
in the early industrialized countries while it
stayed low in the rest of the world. This led to a
very high inequality in how health was distributed
across the world. Good health in the rich
countries and persistently bad health in those
countries that remained poor. Over the last
decades this global strength:Can be used for
predicting the future situation and planning
accordingly.
inequality decreased. Countries that not long ago
were suffering from bad health are catching up
rapidly.
Cambridge a hi-tech hub
1)advantages:good transports links, including the
M1motor way to London and standsted airport.
Graduates from the university provides highly
educated workforce
The city offer a good quality of life with plenty
shops and open spaces
Good links between colleges and industry, helping
to develop new business ideas.
Disadvantages:the city is over congested, making
it difficult to drive and park.
House prices are high an still rising, making it
expensive to live there.
Road and rail routes need to be improved to speed
the connections to the others cities apart of
London
Conclusión, a graduate looking for a job in
Cambridge would be in trouble due to the
disadvantages of overpopulation in cambridge that
make the cost of living higher than expected.
Post-industrial economy
1)
*internet Access enables many people to work
from home
*many new business are directly involved
with IT, manufacturing hardware and
designing software
*over 3 million people work in IT sector.
The uk is one of the worlds leading digital
economies attracting business and investment
from abroad.
3) banking, securities dealing, insurance
and fund management
4) british universities such as Cambridge,
manchester, edinburgh it is also done
by privates companies

1) Cambridge, Reading, bristol, Oxford,


warrintton

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