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Simulation

A simulation models the operation of a system over time using a model that represents its key characteristics and behavior. Simulations are used in many fields like technology, safety engineering, education, and video games. They allow experimenting with systems that cannot be directly engaged with due to dangers, costs, or the system not existing yet. Ensuring the simulation's model and outcomes are valid is important.

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31 views

Simulation

A simulation models the operation of a system over time using a model that represents its key characteristics and behavior. Simulations are used in many fields like technology, safety engineering, education, and video games. They allow experimenting with systems that cannot be directly engaged with due to dangers, costs, or the system not existing yet. Ensuring the simulation's model and outcomes are valid is important.

Uploaded by

carlospuma09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A simulation is an approximate limitation of the operation of a process or system;[1] the act of

simulating first requires a model is developed. This model is a well-defined description of the
simulated subject, and represents its key characteristics, such as its behaviour, functions and
abstract or physical properties. The model represents the system itself, whereas the simulation
represents its operation over time.
Simulation is used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for performance
optimization, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games.
Often, computer experiments are used to study simulation models. Simulation is also used
with scientific modelling of natural systems or human systems to gain insight into their
functioning,[2] as in economics. Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of
alternative conditions and courses of action. Simulation is also used when the real system
cannot be engaged, because it may not be accessible, or it may be dangerous or unacceptable
to engage, or it is being designed but not yet built, or it may simply not exist.[3]
Key issues in simulation include the acquisition of valid source information about the relevant
selection of key characteristics and behaviours, the use of simplifying approximations and
assumptions within the simulation, and fidelity and validity of the simulation outcomes.
Procedures and protocols for model verification and validation are an ongoing field of academic
study, refinement, research and development in simulations technology or practice, particularly
in the field of computer simulation.
Historically, simulations used in different fields developed largely independently, but 20th-
century studies of systems theory and cyberneticscombined with spreading use of computers
across all those fields have led to some unification and a more systematic view of the concept.
Physical simulation refers to simulation in which physical objects are substituted for the real
thing (some circles[4] use the term for computer simulations modelling selected laws of physics,
but this article does not). These physical objects are often chosen because they are smaller or
cheaper than the actual object or system.
Interactive simulation is a special kind of physical simulation, often referred to as a human in
the loop simulation, in which physical simulations include human operators, such as in a flight
simulator, sailing simulator, or a driving simulator.
Continuous simulation is a simulation where time evolves continuously based on numerical
integration of Differential Equations.[5]
Discrete Event Simulation is a simulation where time evolves along events that represent
critical moments, while the values of the variables are not relevant between two of them or
result trivial to be computed in case of necessity[6]
Stochastic Simulation is a simulation where some variable or process is regulated by
stochastic factors and estimated based on Monte Carlotechniques using pseudo-random
numbers, so replicated runs from same boundary conditions are expected to produce different
results within a specific confidence band [5]
Deterministic Simulation is a simulation where the variable is regulated by deterministic
algorithms, so replicated runs from same boundary conditions produce always identical results.
Hybrid Simulation (sometime Combined Simulation) corresponds to a mix between Continuous
and Discrete Event Simulation and results in integrating numerically the differential equations
between two sequential events to reduce the number of discontinuities [7]
Stand Alone Simulation is a Simulation running on a single workstation by itself.
Distributed Simulation is operating over distributed computers in order to guarantee access
from/to different resources (e.g. multi-users operating different systems, or distributed data
sets); a classical example is Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) [8]
Parallel Simulation is executed over multiple processors usually to distribute the computational
workload as it is happening in High-Performance Computing [9]
Interoperable Simulation where multiple models, simulators (often defined as Federates)
interoperate locally on distributed over a network; a classical example is High-Level
Architecture.[10][11]
Modeling & Simulation as a Service where Simulation is accessed as a Service over the
web.[12]
Modeling, interoperable Simulation and Serious Games where Serious Games Approaches
(e.g. Game Engines and Engagement Methods) are integrated with Interoperable Simulation.[13]

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