. Problems from z Planting Trees wo Trees planted along a stretch of road, lamp posts placed along the expressway or in a car park, and the set of stairs in an office building or a flat. Have you ever observed the distance between these objects? Are they placed at the same distance away from one nother? These objects are usually placed at regular intervals, which means that the distance between each object is the same. In mathematics these intervals can help is in problem-solving. For instance, we can use the intervals to find the length of the stretch of road, the number of lamp posts along the expressway and even the number of steps from one storey to another. It is, therefore, with problems important to take note of the number of intervals when we are dealin of this nature. The three different situations over the next two pages illustrate how the number of trees, the length of the road and the number of intervals can be calculated (a) If trees are planted at regular intervals with trees planted at opposite ends of the road, number of trees = number of intervals + 1 umber of intervals x size of the interval size of the interval OR length of the road number of intervals length of the road number of trees — 1 , —_EA_E__ cnn eienieaaienia Maths Oty Unleash The Mths Obmpian In You (Begone) 44 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Lid & Terry Chew Chapter 5(b) Iftrees are planted at regular intervals with a tree planted at one end of the road, number of trees = number of intervals length of the road = number of intervals x size of the interval number of intervals = length of the road + size of the interval If trees are planted at regular intervals without trees planted at opposite ends of the road, number of trees = number of intervals — 1 length of the road = number of intervals x size of the interval number of intervals = length of the road ~ size of the interval Math Olympiad Unlosh The Mate Olypian In You! Bepinet) AZ ‘©Singnpore Asia Publisers Pe Lid & Teny Chow Chapter 5No A tree is planted at every 10 metres along a stretch of road. If the stretch of road is 150 m long and the trees are planted at opposite ends of the road, how many trees are there? Analysis: number of intervals = 150 m= 10 m= 15 Since the trees are planted at opposite ends of the road, 15+1=16 there are 16 trees In a building, there are 8 steps in the staircase leading from one storey to another. How many steps are there from the second to the tenth storey in that building? (Assume the number of steps in each staircase is the same.) Analysis: We must first figure out the number of intervals from the second to the tenth storey 10-2=8 There are 8 intervals from the second storey to the tenth storey 8 intervals x 8 steps = 64 There are 64 steps from the second storey to the tenth storey in that building. There are 50 lamp posts along a stretch of road with lamp posts placed at opposite ends of the road, If each lamp post is 2 m away from another, how long is the road? Analysis: number of intervals = number of lamp posts ~ 1 =50-1=49 49x2m=98m The road is 98 m long. There are 21 trees planted along the road divider with trees planted at opposite ends. The trees are planted at regular intervals of 2 m. If some lamp posts are to be placed along the opposite side of the road at regular intervals of 10 m, how many lamp posts are required on the opposite side of the road if lamp posts are placed at opposite ends of the road? Analysis: number of intervals = number of trees — 1 21-1=20 20x2m=40m The road is 40 m long 40m+10m=4 Lamp posts are placed along the opposite side of the road at 4 regular intervals. number of lamp posts = 4 + 1 = 5 5 lamp posts are required at the opposite side of the road. Maths Olympiad ~ Unieash The Maths Olympian in You! (Beginner) 43 Seppe hak line PLA tagchw Chapter 5PRACTICE Be Se 1 The stretch of road leading to Cindy’s house is to be planted with some trees at regular intervals of 15 m, and trees are planted at opposite ends of the road. If the road is 900 m long, how many trees are to be planted along that stretch of road? 2 Pine trees are planted at regular intervals of 5 m along a stretch of road with pine trees planted at opposite ends of the road, If the road is 150 m long, how many pine trees are needed to be planted along the road? 3 Lamp posts are placed at regular intervals of 30 m along a 1800-metre road. If the lamp posts are placed at opposite ends of the road, how many lamp posts are placed along the road? Mats Olympiad Ualessh The Mats Opin In You Bepaner) A © Singapore Asia Publhos Pe Li &Tery Chew Chapter 54 12 pupils stand in a queue. If 4 pots of flowers are placed between every 2 pupils, how many pots of flowers are there altogether? at 1e Cindy and Maurice stayed on the fifth and sixth floors of an apartment respectively If Cindy walked 80 steps up the staircase from the ground floor to her house, how many steps did Maurice walk from the ground floor to her house? (Assume the number of steps in each staircase is the same.) 6 Trees are planted at regular intervals along a road. If Benny takes 10 min to walk from the first tree to the sixth tree, how long does it take for him to walk to the fifteenth tree? (Assume Benny walks at a constant rate.) Maths Ofmpint-Uneuh Te Mts Opin a You! piney 45, Sipps As bliss PL & Tey Chow Chapter 57 A grandfather clock takes 6 seconds to chime thrice at 3 pm. How long does the grandfather clock take to chime 6 times at 6 pm? 8 95 trees were planted along a road with trees planted at opposite ends of the road. Each tree was 5 m apart from the other. How long was the road? 9 Before recess, the pupils in Class 3D queued in two rows. If there were 38 pupils 3D and the distance between cach pupil was 50 cm, what was the length of the queue’ Mas Olympiad Unlash The Maths Olypian In You Begime) 4G Publishers Phe Ld & Tey Chew Chapter 5the 10. There are 48 pupils in Class 3J. All the pupils queue in two rows during an assembly. If the distance between each pupil in a row is 1 m, how long is the queue? d. 11 100 fiags are placed at regular intervals of 6 m along a stretch of road with flags placed at opposite ends of the road. How long is the road? s 12. Two buildings are 100 m apart from each other. 9 trees are planted at regular intervals h between the two buildings. What is the distance between each tree? ‘Math Olympiad Unleash The Mats Obmpisn In You! Besinct) AT ‘©Singapore Asia Publishers Pe Lid & Terry Chew Chapter 513. The road leading from Betty’s house to the school is planted with 79 trees at regular intervals. There are no trees in front of the school or her house. If the road is 320 m long, what is the distance between each tree? 14 The door of the PE room and the door of the science laboratory pot of plant is placed at every 2 m hetwe are there? e 40 m apart. Ifa the two doors, how many pots of plants 15. The circumference of a lake is 600 m. Trees are planted at regular intervals of 6 m round the lake. How many trees are planted round the lake? Mats Olympiad Unleash The Maths Obmpin Ie You (Regine) 4B Singapore Ania Pulser Pe Lid & Tey Chew Chapier 516 Every side of a square handkerchief is embroidered with 6 flowers. A flower is embroidered on each of the four corners. How many flowers are there on the handkerchief altogether? 17 Amy used some coins to make a triangle. There were 6 coins on each side of the triangle. There was one coin at every comer. How many coins were used to make the triangle? 18 Uncle Sam went for a stroll after his dinner. He took 10 min to walk from the first lamp post to the eleventh lamp post. At which lamp post would Uncle Sam be if he walked continuously at a constant rate for 30 min? j ‘Maths Olympiad ~ Unleash The Maths Ofympian In You! Beginner) 49 ‘© Singapore Asa Publishers te Lid & Tey Chew Chapter 519 41 plum trees are planted along a stretch of road with trees planted at opposite ends w of the road. The distance between each tree is 4 m. On the opposite side of the road, pine trees are planted at regular intervals of 5 m, with trees planted at opposite ends of the road. How many pine trees are there on this side of the road? 20 In one of the performances at the Chingay Parade, there are 5 rows of performers. The distance between each performer in a row is 1 m. How many performers are there altogether if the length of each row of performers is 20 m? a rrrnnnEInIIInnEnNnEnnneeeeresaseneeeneinnecien anna Maths Obympiad Unleash The Maths Opin In You! (Regine) SO © Singapore Asia Publsbers Pe Li Try Chew Chapter 5