FIRE LOSS CONTROL

Engr. Alexander B. Trillana

OSH Consultant 1
Characteristics & Behavior

THE FIRE TRIANGLE

Fuel

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 4 Classes of Fire
•wood
•cloth •energized
•paper electrical
•rubber equipment
•many plastics
A Ordinary C Electrical Equipment

• gasoline •magnesium
• oil •sodium
• grease •potassium
•
•
tar
oil-based
paint
D •titanium
•zirconium
• lacquer •other
B Liquids Grease
• flammable D Combusutible Metals flammable
gases metals
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Who is the key man in an effective Fire
Loss Control Program? Why?

Answer: The Front Line Supervisor

Because of :
▪ His knowledge of the materials manufactured, used
or stored within the building, or hazards that may
be created by daily operation
 Who is the key man in an effective Fire Loss
Control Program? Why?
▪ His Control over other variables such likes:
- Fuel available for the fire.
- Accessibility to the area of the fire
- The types of fires.

▪ His full familiarity with all operations and

he has the daily and hourly knowledge of
plant condition.

▪ He has almost immediate awareness of

the new or a typical procedures or
operation.
 What is the Prime Objective of a Fire Loss
Control Program?
Answer: Fire Prevention.
Don’t let fire get started!

Principles of Fire Loss Control:

▪ Recognize the fire hazard thru inspection.
▪ Evaluate the potential fire hazards.
▪ Prevent, Protect and Control
Refinery Fire...

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Refinery Fire...

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Refinery Fire...

BP Explosion-Texas City 2005

Refinery Fire...

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Rig Fire...

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Rig Fire...

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Blaze in Philippines garment store kills 16
employees
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Seventeen shop staff sleeping in a
Philippines department store were
killed ... 15
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Major Shanty Town Fire In Philippines
 Burned Child ...
May 17, 2005

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Burned Child ...

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Burned Child ...

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Burned Adult ...

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 Basic Elements of a Modern Fire Loss
Control Program

1. RECOGNITION – Inspection/Audit

2. EVALUATION – Classification/Risk Hazard

3. CONTROL – Plan/Procedures
Engineering/Education/Enforcement Correction.
 How to implement the Fire Loss Control
Program:
1. Set priorities for your action.

2. Establish target dates for correction of each items and

follow-up on them.

3. Spread the word.

4. Let everyone know what you are doing.

5. Let them know exactly what they can do to contribute

to the effort and let them know what their efforts had
accomplished.
What to look for:
Common Fire Hazards…

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Overloading

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Short Circuit

Device is inadequate and is

exceeded by a short-circuit

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Short Circuit

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Electrical short circuits are
common in air conditioning
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 Short Circuit
This resulted in an electrical short
circuit that overloaded the battery

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Common Fire Hazards…

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Dust explosion BOOM!

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APPLIANCES CANNOT
BE USED

X TOASTERS
CANNOT BE USED

X CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY
LIGHTS
 * ELECTRIC
FLOOR LAMP

X 3 WAY BULB
50-120-150

CANNOT USE
FLUORESCENT BULBS
OR HALOGEN LAMPS
OVER 120 WATTS
Common Fire Hazards…

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Common Fire Hazards…

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Common Fire Hazards…

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Evidence of smoking next to acetylene
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cylinders
Common Fire Hazards…

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 Common Fire Hazards…

Grease

Grease

Greasy / Oily Rags

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 Common Fire Hazards…

Flammable

thiner

paint

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Common Fire Hazards…

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Common Fire Hazards…

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 Why this happened???
An Ironworker crew was modifying a temporary structural steel bridge
using an Oxygen/Acetylene torch setup on a cart, a portable welder,
and a grinder. Apparently the Acetylene hose developed a leak and
ignited during the grinding operation (Monday June 18, 2001)

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Vehicle Fire...

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Vehicle Explosion...

What a pressurized
Container can do
When the right amount
of heat is applied.

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Dormitory Room Fire- Candle
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Classification of Hazardous Materials (U.S. DOT)
FLAMMABLE/COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUIDS
– Flammable Liquids
Flash point =< than 61 deg C
Gasoline, propane, acetone
– Combustible Liquid
Flash point > 61 deg C
Mineral oil, peanut oil, diesel
fuel.

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 Flammable Range
The range of concentration of flammable vapor in the air, between the Lower
Flammable Limit and Upper Flammable Limit, that will propagate flame if
ignited.

UEL/
46% UFL

H2S FLAMMABLE
RANGE

LEL/
LFL
4%

UEL/
7%
UFL
FLAMMABLE
RANGE LEL/
1% LFL
Gasoline
Steps in implementing your Fire Loss Control
Program
1. Set Priorities for your action.

- Establish target date for correction of each item and follow up

on them.

- Spread the word.

- Let everyone know what you are doing and why.

- Let them know exactly what they can do to contribute to the

effort, and let them know what their efforts had accomplished.
 Fire Prevention and Control
I. Basic Notes:

a.) Objectives of the Fire Prevention Program

b.) Chemistry of Fire
c.) Classes of Fire
d.) Combative Methods
e.) Fire Extinguisher
f.) Sprinkler and Hose Systems
g.) Fire Alarm System
h.) Signaling System
i.) Manual Fire Alarm System
 Fire Prevention and Control
II. Fire Prevention Planning:

a.) Employee Education and Training

b.) Fire Brigade Organization
c.) Fire Emergency Plan
d.) Industrial Fire Hazards
e.) Fire fighting procedure
f.) Codes and Standards Fire Codes of the
Philippines and regulations
 Fire Drills
A. Purpose

1. To test the workability of the plan itself.

2. To test the soundness of the orders and directions

of the Control Group and Floor Chiefs.

3. To test the effectiveness of the emergency

equipments

4. To familiarize all employees and building tenants with

their duties and responsibilities in case of fire.
 Types of Fire Drills
Type “A”

1. This is a total alarm fire drill.

2. It involves all members of the self-protection
facility. (Disaster Control Brigade),
organization all employees and tenants,
including visitors inside the building.
3. It stimulates the use of part of all emergency
equipments available.
4. It is either announced or unannounced.
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 Types of Fire Drill
Type “B”

1. This is a partial alarm fire drill.

2. It involves only selected groups to participate

in the drill
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 Types of Fire Drill
Type “C”

1. This is a total fire alarm fire drill.

2. It involves all personnel, tenants, and visitors

inside the building.

3. It will keep everybody’s awareness and make

it a habit.
Emergency Evacuation Drill

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FIRE FIGHTING DRILL
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RELATED FIRE EMERGENCY DRILL
 If you catch fire

Stop, drop, and roll

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Stop, drop, and roll

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Stop, drop, and roll
Emergency Carrying.....
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Emergency Carrying.....

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Emergency Carrying.....

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Emergency Carrying.....

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Emergency Carrying.....

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Emergency Carrying.....

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Emergency Carrying.....
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Emergency Carrying.....

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Emergency Carrying.....
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Emergency Carrying.....
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Emergency Carrying.....

Two person carry

Lift & roll

4 person straddle
Emergency Carrying.....
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Emergency Carrying.....
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First Aid and Rescue.....

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First Aid and Rescue.....

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 Elements of Fire Plan
a. Objectives
b. Scope
c. Composition
d. Facilities
e. Classes of Fire
f. Use of Fire Extinguishers
g. Operation of almost all kinds of Fire Extinguishers
h. Emergency Coordinating Center
i. Location of Fire Exits
j. Elevators
k. Evacuation routes
l. First Aid Station
m. Priority Classification of Records and Equipment
 Why Fire Safety Awareness?
Fire safety has become increasingly complex because of
advances in industrial technology.

It continues as a relatively simple matter, more related

to human acts of omission and commission than to
science.

Who causes more Fires?

People – from thoughtless act of carelessness.

 Fire
- is indeed a great ravager, it is a large scale killer and
destroyer of much property.

- Among all disasters, is the single greatest threat to

human life and property.

NOTE:

All substances have certain common characteristic – they

burn only when converted into vapor or broken up into
finely divided molecules/particles and mixed with oxygen
in some form in correct volume proportion.
 Fire Prevention

1. ENGINEERING – implementation of fire protection codes

in new buildings and reducing hazards in old buildings.
2. INSPECTION – continuous inspection of fire fighting
equipment and fire alarm system and good
housekeeping on all areas of possible fire hazards.
3. EDUCATION – poster campaign, published materials,
films, lectures to all employees, intensive training for all
including security guard and plant orientation for base
fireman.
4. RESEARCH – studies on advanced/specialized fire
fighting technique necessary in dealing with unusual
materials.
 Why Organize a Fire Prevention Team
Brigade
1. Help in fire protection and also reduce the insurance
premiums of the company.

2. Vital to the safety in industry to guard against fire,

whether from machines, combustibles or personal
unsafe actions.

3. A means to be provided for detection of fire and smoke

and for equally prompt notification of both the person
exposed and of the local fire fighting agencies in the
plant and the community.
 The 4 E’s of Fire Safety Management
1. EDUCATION – a must for all employees.

2. ENGINEERING – prevention – detection –

extinguishment

3. ENFORCEMENT – strict and implementation of policies,

rules and regulations of the company.

4. ENTHUSIASM – desired to serve, shared, cares and

love.
Management Action to Prevent Fire
To be effective, the prevention and control of fire must
be part of a planned program. This program should be
carried out under the following headings:

a.) Identify the risks

b.) Identify the precaution required
c.) Prepare a fire precaution manual
d.) Complete check lists
e.) Plan the action in the event of fire
f.) Institute reporting procedures
FIRE LOSS CONTROL

THANK YOU

Engr. Alexander B. Trillana

OSH Consultant 153