http://www.electronoobs.com/eng_tutoriales_arduino.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVwsOzVxZAk

1 x Arduino NANO/UNO LINK eBay

1 x K thermocouple LINK eBay
1 x MAX6675: LINK eBay
1 x Rotary encoder: LINK eBay
1 x i2c LCD: LINK eBay
1 x 12V Heater: LINK eBay
1 x IRFZ44N: LINK eBay
1 x S8050: LINK eBay
Resistors: LINK eBay
Wires LINK eBay
Drilled PCB LINK eBay
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/* Max6675 Module ==> Arduino

* CS ==> D10

* SO ==> D12

* SCK ==> D13

* Vcc ==> Vcc (5v)

* Gnd ==> Gnd */

#include <SPI.h>

//LCD config

#include <Wire.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3f,20,4); //sometimes the adress is not 0x3f. Change to 0x27 if

it dosn't work.

/* i2c LCD Module ==> Arduino

* SCL ==> A5

* SDA ==> A4

* Vcc ==> Vcc (5v)

* Gnd ==> Gnd */

//I/O

int PWM_pin = 3; //Pin for PWM signal to the MOSFET driver (the BJT npn with pullup)

int clk = 8; //Pin 1 from rotary encoder

int data = 9; //Pin 2 from rotary encoder

//Variables

float set_temperature = 0; //Default temperature setpoint. Leave it 0 and cont

rol it with rotary encoder

float temperature_read = 0.0;

float PID_error = 0;

float previous_error = 0;

float elapsedTime, Time, timePrev;

float PID_value = 0;
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int button_pressed = 0;

int menu_activated=0;

float last_set_temperature = 0;

//Vraiables for rotary encoder state detection

int clk_State;

int Last_State;

bool dt_State;

//PID constants

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int kp = 90; int ki = 30; int kd = 80;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int PID_p = 0; int PID_i = 0; int PID_d = 0;

float last_kp = 0;

float last_ki = 0;

float last_kd = 0;

int PID_values_fixed =0;

//Pins for the SPI with MAX6675

#define MAX6675_CS 10

#define MAX6675_SO 12

#define MAX6675_SCK 13

void setup() {

pinMode(PWM_pin,OUTPUT);

TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | 0x03; // pin 3 and 11 PWM frequency of 928.5 Hz

Time = millis();

Last_State = (PINB & B00000001); //Detect first state of the encoder

PCICR |= (1 << PCIE0); //enable PCMSK0 scan

PCMSK0 |= (1 << PCINT0); //Set pin D8 trigger an interrupt on state change.

PCMSK0 |= (1 << PCINT1); //Set pin D9 trigger an interrupt on state change.

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PCMSK0 |= (1 << PCINT3); //Set pin D11 trigger an interrupt on state change.

pinMode(11,INPUT);

pinMode(9,INPUT);

pinMode(8,INPUT);

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

void loop() {

if(menu_activated==0)

// First we read the real value of temperature

temperature_read = readThermocouple();

//Next we calculate the error between the setpoint and the real value

PID_error = set_temperature - temperature_read + 3;

//Calculate the P value

PID_p = 0.01*kp * PID_error;

//Calculate the I value in a range on +-3

PID_i = 0.01*PID_i + (ki * PID_error);

//For derivative we need real time to calculate speed change rate

timePrev = Time; // the previous time is stored before the a

ctual time read

Time = millis(); // actual time read

elapsedTime = (Time - timePrev) / 1000;

//Now we can calculate the D calue

PID_d = 0.01*kd*((PID_error - previous_error)/elapsedTime);

//Final total PID value is the sum of P + I + D

PID_value = PID_p + PID_i + PID_d;
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//We define PWM range between 0 and 255

if(PID_value < 0)

{ PID_value = 0; }

if(PID_value > 255)

{ PID_value = 255; }

//Now we can write the PWM signal to the mosfet on digital pin D3

//Since we activate the MOSFET with a 0 to the base of the BJT, we write 255-PID value
(inverted)

analogWrite(PWM_pin,255-PID_value);

previous_error = PID_error; //Remember to store the previous error for next loop.

delay(250); //Refresh rate + delay of LCD print

//lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("PID TEMP control");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("S:");

lcd.setCursor(2,1);

lcd.print(set_temperature,1);

lcd.setCursor(9,1);

lcd.print("R:");

lcd.setCursor(11,1);

lcd.print(temperature_read,1);

}//end of menu 0 (PID control)

//First page of menu (temp setpoint)

if(menu_activated == 1)

analogWrite(PWM_pin,255);

if(set_temperature != last_set_temperature)
{

lcd.clear();
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lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Set temperature");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(set_temperature);

last_set_temperature = set_temperature;

}//end of menu 1

//Second page of menu (P set)

if(menu_activated == 2)

if(kp != last_kp)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Set P value ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(kp);

last_kp = kp;

}//end of menu 2

//Third page of menu (I set)

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if(menu_activated == 3)

if(ki != last_ki)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Set I value ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(ki);

}
last_ki = ki;

}//end of menu 3

//Forth page of menu (D set)

if(menu_activated == 4)

if(kd != last_kd)

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Set D value ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(kd);

last_kd = kd;

}//end of menu 4

}//Loop end
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//The function that reads the SPI data from MAX6675

double readThermocouple() {

uint16_t v;

pinMode(MAX6675_CS, OUTPUT);

pinMode(MAX6675_SO, INPUT);
pinMode(MAX6675_SCK, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(MAX6675_CS, LOW);

delay(1);

// Read in 16 bits,

// 15 = 0 always

// 14..2 = 0.25 degree counts MSB First

// 2 = 1 if thermocouple is open circuit

// 1..0 = uninteresting status

v = shiftIn(MAX6675_SO, MAX6675_SCK, MSBFIRST);

v <<= 8;

v |= shiftIn(MAX6675_SO, MAX6675_SCK, MSBFIRST);

digitalWrite(MAX6675_CS, HIGH);

if (v & 0x4)

// Bit 2 indicates if the thermocouple is disconnected

return NAN;

// The lower three bits (0,1,2) are discarded status bits

v >>= 3;
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// The remaining bits are the number of 0.25 degree (C) counts

return v*0.25;

//The interruption vector for push button and rotary encoder

ISR(PCINT0_vect){

if(menu_activated==1)

clk_State = (PINB & B00000001); //pin 8 state? It is HIGH?

dt_State = (PINB & B00000010);

if (clk_State != Last_State){

// If the data state is different to the clock state, that means the encoder is rota
ting clockwise

if (dt_State != clk_State) {

set_temperature = set_temperature+0.5 ;

else {

set_temperature = set_temperature-0.5;

Last_State = clk_State; // Updates the previous state of the clock with the current sta
te

if(menu_activated==2)

{
clk_State = (PINB & B00000001); //pin 8 state?
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dt_State = (PINB & B00000010);

if (clk_State != Last_State){

// If the data state is different to the clock state, that means the encoder is rota
ting clockwise

if (dt_State != clk_State) {

kp = kp+1 ;

else {

kp = kp-1;

Last_State = clk_State; // Updates the previous state of the clock with the current sta
te

if(menu_activated==3)

clk_State = (PINB & B00000001); //pin 8 state?

dt_State = (PINB & B00000010);

if (clk_State != Last_State){

// If the data state is different to the clock state, that means the encoder is rota
ting clockwise

if (dt_State != clk_State) {

ki = ki+1 ;

else {

ki = ki-1;

Last_State = clk_State; // Updates the previous state of the clock with the current sta
te

if(menu_activated==4)

{
clk_State = (PINB & B00000001); //pin 8 state?
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dt_State = (PINB & B00000010);

if (clk_State != Last_State){

// If the data state is different to the clock state, that means the encoder is rota
ting clockwise

if (dt_State != clk_State) {

kd = kd+1 ;

else {

kd = kd-1;

Last_State = clk_State; // Updates the previous state of the clock with the current sta
te

//Push button was pressed!

if (PINB & B00001000) //Pin D11 is HIGH?

button_pressed = 1;

//We navigate through the 4 menus with each button pressed

else if(button_pressed == 1)

if(menu_activated==4)

menu_activated = 0;

PID_values_fixed=1;

button_pressed=0;

delay(1000);

if(menu_activated==3)
{
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menu_activated = menu_activated + 1;

button_pressed=0;

kd = kd + 1;

delay(1000);

if(menu_activated==2)

menu_activated = menu_activated + 1;

button_pressed=0;

ki = ki + 1;
delay(1000);

if(menu_activated==1)

menu_activated = menu_activated + 1;

button_pressed=0;

kp = kp + 1;

delay(1000);

if(menu_activated==0 && PID_values_fixed != 1)

menu_activated = menu_activated + 1;

button_pressed=0;

set_temperature = set_temperature+1;

delay(1000);

PID_values_fixed = 0;

}
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