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EXPERIMENTAL OF THE 7% DETUNED LC PASSIVE FILTER FOR HARMONIC

MITIGATION FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

Article · January 2014

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International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering Research 2 (2014) 45-50

EXPERIMENTAL OF THE 7% DETUNED LC PASSIVE FILTER FOR HARMONIC

MITIGATION FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

Ummi Imarah, Marizan Sulaiman, Azhar Ahmad and Rosli Omar

Department of Industrial Power , Faculty of Electrical Engineering,

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka.
[email protected]

ABSTRACT Active Power Filter (APF) (IEEE 1995; EFDH 1995).

This paper presents the investigation results based on the Passive filter consists of passive elements which are
industrial 7% detuned LC passive filter. The significance capacitor and inductor, and can be used to minimize the
of this study is to show that the effectiveness of the low frequency harmonic current (Patil et al 2011).
equipment to reduce harmonic currents produced by the Detuning can be explained as connecting a power factor
non-linear loads such as a rectifier loads. In order to correction capacitor in series with a inductor as shown in
validate the performance of the 7% Detuned LC Passive Figure 1. The series reactor behave as a low impedance
Filter ,the experimental work has been conducted in the path and let the harmonic currents that comes from loads
laboratory and the results have showed that the to flow through it prevent it from flow to the source.
reduction of current harmonics is dependent on the value Hence, it can be used for both power factor correction
of LC passive filter (reactor) based on their power rating. and harmonic mitigation.

Keywords: Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Detuned

LC Passive Filter (Reactor), Power Rating.

1. INTRODUCTION
In Alternating Current (AC) power systems,
measurements are expressed in term of voltage and
current waveform parameters which is called the Total
Harmonic Distortion (THD), expressing a waveform
deviation from the ideal sinusoidal pattern (IEEE 1995;
Sulaiman et al 2013). In recent time, the usage of non-
linear loads is unavoidable which led the harmonics
issues continue to rise. When nonlinear loads are
connected to the power system, will cause non-sinusoidal
Figure 1 Series connection of capacitor and reactor
current due to harmonics problems. There are many
types of nonlinear loads which cause harmonics.
The purpose of using detuned filter is to overcome the
Harmonics distortion that exists in power electrical disturbance in the network. Compensation capacitors
system has been proven can cause serious damage to the should always be detuned in order to avoid resonance
equipment. Therefore the mitigation of harmonics with harmonics and overload by high frequency current.
becomes increasingly important and the most effective As known, non-linear loads draw harmonic currents,
way to overcome this problem is by installing harmonics cause harmonic voltage disturbance, and impose high
filters. There are a few methods can be used in order to
frequency noise on the network. These high frequencies
solve harmonic which are passive filter, active power can cause the current rating of the capacitor to be
filter, or hybrid filter (IEE 1995; Corasaniti et al 2009). exceeded. By using a detuned reactor in a system can
Current harmonics has many disadvantages that can prevent such problems. The reactive power rating of the
cause system failure (Corasaniti et al 2009; Izhar et al detuning reactor is usually 5%, 7% or 9% of the reactive
2004; EFDH 1995; Fujita et al 1991).
power of the compensation capacitor for mitigating the
3rd harmonic in current and voltage waveforms. This
2. THE 7% DETUNED PASSIVE FILTER percentage is also called the “detuning factor”.
Passive filter can be considered as a reliable method for
currents harmonic compensation but the method in The value of capacitor and reactor element that need to
mitigating the harmonic is different compared with be used in the system can be calculated using the
45
equation shown in Eqn. 1 or Eqn. 2. The 7% detuned
frequency or also known as resonant frequency is 189 Hz
as it can be determined from Eqn. 3. The values for L
and C can be calculated in accordance to Eqn. 1 and the
analysis is based on the Y-equivalent. However, in the
calculation, the value of capacitor must be multiplied by
a factor 3, taking into account the effect of delta
connection of the capacitor bank as given by Eqn. (1-3)
(EFHD 1995). The actual value of C as suggested by the
manufacturer is equal to 20uF. So in this case the values
of L can be calculated based on eqn. (2) It is found that
the values of L is equal 12 mH.
1
ftuned 
2  LC (1) Figure 3 Harmonic load bank

1 A. Without Passive Filter

ftuned  (2) The first experiment is done without turning on the LC
2  L(3C) passive filter. In order to know the THD values in the
system, the waveform is measured at the supply point.
The distorted current waveforms due to harmonic
freq 50
ftuned   presence are shown in Figure 4 and the current THD
p p value in Fig.5 shows the percentage of the red phase is
(3) 28.7%.
where p is the percentage of detuned filter.

3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS & DISCUSSION

The hardware implementation is carried out through
experiment in laboratory. Figure 2 shows the inside
compartment of the filter while the harmonic rectifier
load bank is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 4 The current waveforms at supply point

Figure 2 Inside compartment of the LC Passive Filter Figure 5 The Current THD

46
More details readings of the voltage and current THD 4. 25 kVAR
without the filter are given Table 1. From the results, the Next, the second rating of LC passive filter shows the
current THD values mostly come from the non-triplen reading of THD for red phase is reduced to 13.4%
harmonics. Since the balanced three-phase harmonic compared to the previous one. Figure 8 shows the current
generating load bank is used, it can be seen that the waveforms while Figure 9 display its current THD.
triplen harmonics reading are low. Table 3 gives the details of harmonic content.

B. With LC Passive Filter (7% Detuned)

LC passive filter reactor that used in this experiment has

three different power ratings which are 12.5 kVAR, 25
kVAR and 50kVAR. All power ratings will result in
different values of current harmonics. Figure 6 shows the
supply current waveform after 12.5 kVAR LC reactor
has been turn on. The current THD values can be seen in
Figure 7 and more details of the reading is shown in
Table 2. The red phase current THD is 20.0%.

Table 1 THD for voltage and current

1) Passive LC Filter Off VA VB VC IA IB IC

THD 1.6 1.5 1.3 28.7 29.4 29.7
3rd 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3
5th 1.2 1 1 22.7 23 23.3
7th 0.7 0.7 0.5 10.1 10.6 10.7
9th 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1
Figure 7 The Current THD
11th 0.1 0 0.2 8.7 8.8 8.9
13th 0.1 0 0 5.9 6.3 6.2 Table 2 THD for voltage and current
15th 0 0 0 0.2 0.1 0
2) LC PF On - 12.5 kVAR VA VB VC IA IB IC
17th 0.1 0 0 5.4 5.4 5.5
THD 1.6 1.5 1.2 20 18.1 18.6
19th 0 0 0 4.1 4.4 4.4
3rd 0.4 0.6 0.2 1.1 2.4 1.8
21st 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0
5th 1.2 1 1 17.2 14.9 15.8
7th 0.7 0.7 0.5 6.7 6.6 6.3
9th 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0
11th 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.5 4.4 4.4
13th 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 3.1 3.1
15th 0 0 0 0 0 0
17th 0.1 0 0.1 2.8 2.7 2.7
19th 0 0 0 2.2 2.2 2.2
21st 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. 50 Kvar

The third value of the power rating is 50 kVAR. The

current waveforms are displayed by Figure 10. This
shows the reading of the THD is reduced compared with
the previous two readings. It has the lowest THD reading
that is 9.3% for the red phase as shown in Figure 11.
The details of harmonic content are summarized in Table
Figure 6 Current waveforms at supply point 4.
47
In the experimental when a rectifier is connected to the Table 3 THD for voltage and current
system, it draws a current that is not perfect sinusoidal
and become more complex, depending on the type of 3) LC PF On - 25 kVAR VA VB VC IA IB IC
load and its interaction with others factors of the systems THD 1.6 1.5 1.2 13.4 12.3 12.7
such as a components of the system. 3rd 0.4 0.6 0.2 1.4 3 2.4
5th 1.3 1 1 11.9 10.3 11
7th 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.5 4.4 4.2
9th 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0.2 0.2
11th 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.5 2.5 2.4
13th 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.7 1.7 1.7
15th 0 0 0 0 0.1 0
17th 0.1 0 0.1 1.6 1.5 1.5
19th 0 0 0 1.2 1.3 1.3
21st 0 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 8 The current waveforms at supply point

Figure 10 The current waveform at supply point

Figure 9 The Current THD Figure 11 The Current THD

48
 Table 4 THD for voltage and current REFERENCES

4) LC PF On - 50 kVAR VA VB VC IA IB IC EFDH (1995) Electronic Filter Design Handbook/Book

and Disk Hardcover – July 1, 1995
THD 1.4 1.4 1.2 9.3 8.3 8.7
H. Fujita, H. Akagi (1991) A Practical Approach to
3rd 0.4 0.6 0.3 1.5 3.2 2.2 Harmonic Compensation in Power Systems - Series
5th 1.1 0.9 0.9 8.4 6.8 7.8 Connection of Passive and Active Filters, IEEE
7th 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.8 2.7 2.4 Transaction on Industry Applications 27(6).
IEEE (1995) IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee
9th 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2
22 on Power Quality. IEEE recommended practice
11th 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 for monitoring electric power quality- IEEE Std.1159,
13th 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 June 14, 1995.
15th 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 K.D. Patil and W.Z. Gandhare (2011) Effects of
harmonics in distribution systems on temperature rise
17th 0 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.8
and life of XLPE power cables, 2011 International
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21st 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. Izhar, C. M. Hadzer, M. Syafrudin, S. Taib, S. Idris
(2004) Performance for Passive and Active Power
Filter in Reducing Harmonics in the Distribution
6. CONCLUSION System, National Power & Energy Conference
(PECon): 104–108.
This research presents the experimental results of 7% M. Sulaiman, U. Imarah, S. Farhana, R. Omar, A.
detuned LC passive filter (reactor) with power ratings of Ahmad, and N. Hazahsha (2013) Simulation and
12.5, 25 and 50 kVARs. The THD of current harmonics Experimental Results of Shunt Active Power Filter
for the uncompensated system is found to 28.7%. After for Harmonics Reduction by Using p-q theory.
compensating with the 7% detuned LC passive filter, the International Journal of Energy and Power
harmonic current THDs are obtained to be 20.0%, 13.4% Engineering Research 1: 15–23.
and 9.3% for the LC power ratings of 12.5, 25 and 50 V.F. Corasaniti, M. B. Barbieri, S. Member, P. L.
kVARs, respectively. The reduction in value of THD is Arnera, and M. I. Valla (2009) Hybrid Power Filter to
depending upon the values of LC passive filter ratings. In Enhance Power Quality in a Medium-Voltage
order to achieve the IEEE standard, the value of LC Distribution Network, IEEE Transaction on Industrial
filters power rating must be increased to the desired Electronics 56(8): 2885–2893.
value (Watanabe et al. 2010). These experimental results
have shown that bigger power rating of LC passive filter
yields lower THD in current waveforms.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia

Melaka for its support through the grant
MTUN/2012/UTeM-FKE/3 M00011.

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