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Data Transmission Modes and Forms

This document discusses different modes of data transmission including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex modes. It also describes parallel and serial transmission as well as synchronous and asynchronous transmission. Simplex mode only allows transmission in one direction while half-duplex allows bidirectional transmission but only one direction at a time. Full-duplex allows simultaneous bidirectional transmission. Parallel transmission sends multiple bits simultaneously over separate lines while serial transmission sends bits sequentially over a single line. Synchronous transmission sends data in blocks at set times using specialized clocking equipment, while asynchronous transmission sends data one byte at a time without buffering.

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Repunzel Raaj
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2K views

Data Transmission Modes and Forms

This document discusses different modes of data transmission including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex modes. It also describes parallel and serial transmission as well as synchronous and asynchronous transmission. Simplex mode only allows transmission in one direction while half-duplex allows bidirectional transmission but only one direction at a time. Full-duplex allows simultaneous bidirectional transmission. Parallel transmission sends multiple bits simultaneously over separate lines while serial transmission sends bits sequentially over a single line. Synchronous transmission sends data in blocks at set times using specialized clocking equipment, while asynchronous transmission sends data one byte at a time without buffering.

Uploaded by

Repunzel Raaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3 Networking Concepts Data Transmission Modes

Data Transmission Modes and Forms


The way in which data is transmitted from one place to another is called data transmission mode.
It is also called the data communication mode. It indicates the direction of flow of information.
Sometimes, data transmission modes are also referred to as directional modes.

When a person is giving a lecture, information is conveyed in one direction. Similarly, during a
conversation between two persons, spoken messages are exchanged in both directions. These
messages may be exchanged alternatively or simultaneously.

There are three data transmission modes.

1. Simplex Mode
2. Half-Duplex Mode
3. Full-Duplex Mode

1) Simplex mode:

In simplex mode, data is transmitted in only one direction. A terminal can only send data and
cannot receive it or it can only receive data but cannot send data.

Today, this mode of data communication is not popular, because most of the modem
communications require two-way exchange of data. However, this mode of communication is used
in business field at certain point-of-sale terminals in which sales data is entered without a
corresponding reply. The other examples of simplex communication modes are Radio and T.V
transmissions.

In computer system, the keyboard, monitor and printer are examples of simplex devices. The
keyboard can only be used to enter data into computer, while monitor and printer can only accept
(display/print) output.

(ii) Half-Duplex Mode:


In half-duplex mode, data can be transmitted in both directions but only in one direction at a time.
In this mode, data is sent and received alternatively. It is like a one-lane bridge where two-way
traffic must give way in order to cross the other.

In half-duplex mode, at a time only one end transmits data while other end receives. In addition, it
is possible to perform error detection and request the sender to re-transmit information.

The Internet browsing is an example of half duplex. When we issue a request to download web
document or webpage, it is downloaded and displayed before we issue another request.

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Chapter 3 Networking Concepts Data Transmission Modes

(iii) Full-Duplex Mode:

In full-duplex mode, data can be transmitted in both directions at the same time on the same
channel. It is the fastest directional mode of communication. The telephone communication system
is an example of full-duplex communication mode.

There are two types of data transmission modes. These are:

1. Parallel Transmission
2. Serial Transmission

1) Parallel Transmission:

In parallel transmission, a group of bits of data flow at the same time (in parallel) through separate
communication lines. It is very fast data transmission. The automobile traffic on a multi-lane
highway is an example of parallel transmission.

Inside the computer, usually a group of bits of data flow from one component to another at the
same time. If a computer uses 32-bit internal structure, then 32-bits of data can be transferred from
one component of computer to another at the same time. Parallel transmission is commonly used
to transfer data from computer to printer.

2) Serial Transmission:

In serial data transmission, a group of bits of data flow in sequential Order through single
communication line. The flow of traffic on one-lane residential street is an example of serial data
transmission mode. Serial transmission is typically slower than parallel transmission, because data
is sent sequentially in a bit-by-bit on a single communication line.

The telephone line system uses the serial transmission to transmit data from one location to
another. In computer system, mouse also uses serial transmission to send the command signals
inside the computer.

Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmissions:

1) Synchronous Transmission:

In synchronous transmission, data is transmitted block-by-block or word-byword at the same time.


Each block may contain several bytes of data. In this mode, data is saved before sending. A large
volume of data can be transmitted at a time. The data transmission is very fast. It is most commonly
used by remote communication systems.

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Chapter 3 Networking Concepts Data Transmission Modes

In synchronous transmission, a special communication device known as 'synchronized clock' is


required to schedule the transmission of information. This special communication device or
equipment is expensive.

2) Asynchronous Transmission:

In asynchronous transmission, data is transmitted one byte at a 'time'. The data is transmitted
character-by-character as the user types it on a keyboard. In this mode, data is not saved before
sending.

An asynchronous line that is idle (not being used) is identified with a value 1, also known as mark
state. This value is used by the communication devices to find whether the line is idle or free.

In asynchronous transmission, a special signal is sent by sender to the receiver before sending the
message. It is known as start bit. A start bit has a value of 0, also called a space state. Thus, when
the line switches from a value of 1 to a value of 0, the receiver is alerted for receiving the message.
The asynchronous transmission is most commonly used by microcomputers.

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