MODULE A THE FEEL-GOOD FACTOR Focus on reading General strategies; True/False/Not Given; summary FORMING A GENERAL PICTURE Focus on ELTS page 13 [DEALING WITH UNKNOWN, ‘VOCABULARY. Childhood obesity goes global 1 Before you look atthe questions for cach part of the IELTS Reading Modu, you should spend a couple of minutes getting a geneeal ides of what the text isabout. Ths wll help you to tackle the tsk a Read the titles and the first two or three sentences of Texts 1 and 2 to ‘demi the topics. Spend no more than 20 Seconds on this. 1 Which text is about eating habits? ‘Text 2. Which isabouta physical problem? Text 1b Before you read the rest ofeach text, think about these questions to Prepare yourself, 1 How are people’ eating habits changing in your country? 2 What are the results of these changes o7@} people's health b) social relationships? Look through both texts quickly and compare the information given with, yyour ideas in b, 2. IELTS Reading texts may contain specialist words and expressions, but you ‘will not need to understand all ofthese to answer the questions. Specialist ‘words which are important for the meaning are often explained for you in the test, ‘Look at the three underlined words and phrases in Texts 1 and 2. Decide ‘hich two of them are important in each text. Find and underline a phrase inthe same sentence or the following sentence which helps you understand their meanings. One of the three underlined words in each texts less important. You don't need to know this word to understand the general message. n each tent What general things can you guess about the meaning ofthis word from the context? 1B Why do children become obese? One important ‘A Childhood obesity is rapidly becoming a global epidemic. The US continues to lead the way, with 88 many 35 379% of its children and adolescents ‘carrying around too much fet. But other countries ‘are rapidly catching up. According to statistics [presented at the European Congress on Obesity in Finiand, more than 20% of European youngsters between the ages of and 17 are either overweight, ‘or obese. Asia lags behind the US and Europe in its obesity statistics, but Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and the Philippines have all reported ‘troubling increases in recent years. Up to 10% of China's 290 million children are already believed {to be overweight or obese, and that percentage is ‘expected to have doubled a decade from now. So across Asia too, childhood obesity is on the rise, ‘and a less marked trend has been documented ‘exon in urbanised areas of sub-Saharan Africa, factor Is Insulin, a hormone which enables the edy to store extra calories as fat. Physical exercise helps control insulin levels, whi ingesting fat combined with starches and sugar ‘can cause surges in insulin levels. A child who sits in front of the TV for hours on end, eating potato chips and doughnuts, is an ideal fatstorage ‘machine © What is urgently needed Is for schools, health professionals, parents and chilkren to work together. Encoursgingly, changing a family's Iestyie in healthy ways does not appear to be atl that difficult: it involves regular exercise, slightly smaller portions and slightly different foods. And this, say health officials, is a message that badly needs to get out.Lco00 FAcTOR Dinner time then and now {4 Pattems of food consumption ip Britain are dunging taptdly. A major survey by research group Mintel shows chat, for the first time, convenience mails account for the largest sice of all consumer spending on food - 30.1 per cent of the market. Over the past decade, pizza sales have risen by 98 per cent Sales of pasta products have enjoyed a similar increase ' Bac the trend has resulted in profound changes to cating habits. The proportion of edults who say dey reguly eata traditional Sunday dinner, with roast meat and vegetables, has fallen by ten per cent over the same period. Now less than half say they usvally have a roast each week, Meat and ish account for a fifth ofthe UXS total food market, but the sector has shown no growth ever the past decade. Spending on fruit and vegetables, meanwhile, has gone up by oaly sis per cent~ despite a huge government education campaign to get people eating more healthy € However, the Mintel survey found that 40 per cent ‘of the populacon stl consider themselves as “radinonalist diners, tp conteast, 27 pet cent re “onzenience seekers, who are happy heating up meals in the microwave. A growing proportion of consumers =31 per cent ~ ae clased a ‘casual diners, people who slip breakfast and eat oot most nights, not for pleasure but because they eant be bothered to cook. D cis predicted that more people will become casa diners as changes in society se che sie of households declining, This development, added tothe sneressing number of chiles households, means that the pressure wo cook balanced meat has delined, Mince suggests TRUDFAISEINOT GIVEN Foca on IELTS page 13 3 Imthis ask you hae to decide whether the information given ina statement etre or fale according othe text or rot givenin the text. The ‘statements focus on facts. They are in the same order asthe information in the text, LOCATING THE ANSWERS a key words. ‘To lp you this tine, the hey words fn the texc are a the same sin the setamence ‘ and you only have fo choles foreach Look at True/False/Not Given statements 1-6 below and underline the 1b Quickly find schich paragraph in Text 1 contains the information relevant to each statement. Write the paragraph letter (A, B or C) next 10 each statement. Dont try to answer the questions yet. Read the relevant part of the text carefully and decide whether each statement (1-6) agrees with the information given. question. Questions 1-6 Write TRUE FALSE year’ tie. (Tor 892) Do the following statements agree with the information given in Text? if the statement agrees withthe information if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 1 Just over one third ofthe total population ofthe US is overweight (Cor NG?) 2. Asia and Europe have an equal proportion of obese children, (T or'F?) 3 Itis forecast that the proportion of overweight or obese children in China will reach 20% in ten 4 There is a downward trend in childhood obesity in some African towns and cities. (T ot F2) 5 Islin ves ise sharply when fods with high levels of starch, sugar and fat are cate. (0 2) 6 Parents pay te mos input role in improving eaing habits. Fo: NOP)Be noDULeA THE FeEL-cooD FACTOR SUMMARY > Focus on IELTS page 12 TIP Underline key words in the summary. Lookin the ext for the same words or for paraphrases to help you locate the information you need. In one type of summary task, you have to complete a gapped summary of part or all of the text using words from a box. The information in the summary may be in a different order from the text. There may be several words that fit the gaps grammatically, so to identify the correct one you have to read the text carefully. 4 Read through the summary in the exam tesk below for general understanding. b_ Read the sentence with the first gap carefully. Think about the possible form and meaning of the missing word. 1 What part of speech is needed for question 7? a) an infinitive b) a past participle c) an adjective 2 What type of information is most likely?(@) an amount b) a change ¢ Look at the words and expressions in the box. Which three have the correct form to fit question 72 Find the correct information in Text 2 for question 7. 1 What does the text tell us about fruit and vegetables? 2. Which phrase in the text has a similar meaning to consumption? Use this information to help you choose the correct answer for question 7. € Now look at questions 8-14. Which of these need a) a past participle, b) an infinitive, c) an adjective, d) another type of word? Think about ‘what type of information is most likely, then do the task. Questions 7-14 13 Complete the summary of Text 2 below using words from the box. In Britain, convenience meals are now the most popular type of food. Enuit_and vegetable consumption has 7 consumption of meat and fish has 8 . traditional Sunday dinner is eaten by 9 Despite this, almost 10 “traditionalists” in their food habits. Just over IL are ‘convenience seekers’, while almost 12 ‘casual diners’. The number of causal diners is likely (© sme 85 HOUSEHOLDS BECOME M4 wenmeuounnansnennne smaller risen more remained constant older decrease and people. | fewer fluctuate sauninen the popolati athitd healthier \¢ population are tae fees fallen. a quarter increase IDEAS FOR SPEAKING AND WRITING 40 5 Thinking about topics such as the ones in these reading texts will help you prepare for other modules in the IELTS exam. Answer these questions orally or in writing, 1 How important a problem is childhood obesity in your country? Example: Childhood obesity isa serous problem in mig country. children dont take eno exercise, ant eat to wuch junk food. 2 How far is the situation described in Text 2 true in your country? 3. Which of the three categories of eater described in Text 2 do you think you are?Focus on writing 1 Task | > Focus on JELFS pages 17-18 USING LANGUAGE OF CHANGE 1 MODULE A THE FREL-GOOD FACTOR The language of change For ‘Task 1, you may be asked to describe a graph which shows changes over 4 period of time. To do this you need to use language expressing change and appropriate tenses. Underline the verb or verb phrase in each of the following sentences. Then ‘match each sentence to a graph. You can use a graph more than once, Use a dictionary to help you if necessary. Sales started at $3 million in 1990. 4 From 1997 to 2000, sales fluctuated, Sales reached a peak of 3 million in 2001. Sales increased for two years then levelled off Sales declined between 1999 and 2003. oo Sales dipped briefly in 2002, then recovered, se In 1990, sales stood at $25 million. Sales avertook costs in 2003. Se ‘Add the verb phrases from Exercise 1 to the correct category in the table below. Can you add some more verbs with the help of your ionary? Movement Movement More than one | No movement upwards downwards movement increase decline real a peak start Complete these sentences witha preposition froin the box. Use a dictionary to help you if necessary. at(x2) between by of to Profits rose from 2 billion dollars. Since 1985, the price of houses has increased .. ewwe Road accidents reached @ peak. .....-unne 50,000 in November, Car sales remained constant .... around 75 per month for the test of the period. 5 During the summer, temperatures fluctuate 20 and 30 degrees. 6 By close of business, the value of the company’s shares stood $25. uB MOOULEA THE FEEL-GooD FACTOR 4. Two common patterns used when describing changes in academic English are: noun + verb + adverb There + be+ adjective + noun + in+ noun Rewrite these sentences, using one ofthese patterns. Example; The consumption of fruit has risen steadily. There !y She eonsanption of ft. 1 Meat consumption has fallen sharply. Thee enn 2 There was rie dip in hae pics tthe start ofthe year, Share prices oe 3 Her fitness level inprondry “There was 4. There will ea rapid recovery in share prices next year Share prices oes . 5 Te we of M foods has gown aly sme commis There sete Focus on writing 2 Interpreting information from diagrams Task: Graphs 1. ‘Toanswer a Task 1 question, you need to understand and interpret the data UNDERSTANDING THE DATA _ correctly aswell as using appropriate language to describe it. -Read the instruetions for the Writing task below. Then look at the graph 1 find the answers to these questions. ‘What period of time does the horizontal axis show? ‘What information does the vertical axis show? ‘What do the three lines represent? (look atthe key inthe box) ‘What tense do you need to use in order to describe this information? ‘What main changes does the graph illustrate? WRITING TASK 1 ‘You should spend about 20 minutes om this task. The graph shows the rates of Paritption by chub members Participation in three different ‘activites in a UK sports “og club between 1983 and 2003. i White a report for @ university 3 Lecturer describing the 3 information. = ‘Write at least 150 words, ie a ae ee “ihe year =e ~ evening tam specs ae gyn actos 2DESCRIBING THE DATA ORGANISING THE DESCRIPTION EDITING FOR LANGUAGE TIP When you wrice your own ancwers, try ta rake 2 note ofthe most ‘common per of ‘mistake you make so chat you can focus your tcdng on these inthe foure HODULEA THE FEELGOOD FACTOR 4! 2. Complete the sample answer below with the correct expression according to 4 Th graph show changes in portation of fier ists at sports cab, i “Pty pitino ming ws ce ot od Sf cb mans comming but nly 5% partite in ths in 2008. sory the porentage sch dolore port have eee vel catant daring that pred. Partin ren pak 7988 Finally 9 tities gre op fom 1985 2003 the information in the graph. “THis graph shows hangs the popularity of ree diferent tts a UK sports lover pried of 20 yeas. I 1983 aroun 50% of club meters patie in scing, sts wns clearly the west pda activity, Howwver, this gure 1 dippedtdecreased seid 15% in 1998 ond 2 remained constant/levelled off at this rite sot 2003 In contrast, 32% of mors id tea sport in 1983, a his ate 3 stood at/teached a peak of 40% in 1998 before 4 dropping/acowing tts formar vel. Participation mites fr tea sports 5 increasedlovertook tne for sein ad bacon the highest fr al cities fw 1998 to 2003 Fly, partition in gym activites 6 finished avstood at only $% i 1988, tout this igure 7 Feige rid roe 988 to 1998, eventually 8 levelling off afeeachingl peak of aid 25%, waking gy the second inst popular sitivity Oven, participation n swivnning 9 uctuated/dcopped considerbly during the period Team sports, however, remained popular, wile participation i yon sativites 10 declined/rose sgfcatly ver the po. ‘Analyse the way the sample answer is organised by answering these questions. 1 How many paragraphs are used? 2 What information does each paragraph give? Paragraph 1: Introduction Paragraph 2: : Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4 ocesevenonnninnsnn Paragraph 5: Summary of. sree 3. Underline the words that are used to link the paragraphs. In the exam, make sure you leave time to edit your written answet. You will lose marks if you make too many mistakes in grammar and vocabulary we. ‘a Read this extract from a students response. Find ten mistakes in the extract and match them to the lis of common mistakes. ‘Common mistakes 1 Wrong tense. 2 Active/passive verb confused 3 Agreement: single subject with plural verb 4 Preposition error 5 Article (a he) missingt b_ Now correct the mistakes. BMODULE A THE FEEL-G000 FACTOR Focus on listening Note completion - Seedion | D Focus on IELTS page 19 IDENTUVINGTHECONTEXT 1 NOTE COMPLETION 2 Focus on IELTS page 20 PREDICTING POSSIBLE ANSWERS LISTENING FORPARALLEL = 3 EXPRESSIONS TIP In ELTS Usening, the numbered ems are sways in the same order 2 you hear them in the recording 4“ ‘Before each section of the Listening Module, you hear a short introduction. ‘This tells you who is speaking and what the situation is. It also tells ou how many questions you have to answer before the next breakin the recording, iste carefally, a this information isnot given on the exam paper. You ate then given some tie to look at the questions. There is a short break in the aniddle of the recording in Sections 1, 2and 3, and you are given time to look atthe remaining questions for that section. In Section 1 of the Listening Module, you everyday topic. 10 a conversation about an © Listen to the introduction to the task opposite and answer these questions 1 Who are the two speakers? 2. Are they face to face or on the phone? 3. What are they talking about? 44 How many questions will ou have o answer before the breakin the recording? Note completion is a common task in Section 1. Read the instructions and notes carefully in the time you are given and try to predict the information you need. 4 Lookat the instructions for the task. What is the maximum number of ‘words you should write for each answer? b- Look at the notes for questions 1-10, Which questions will probebly need a) a number? b) atime? c) days of the week? ‘To help you identify the information required for each gap as you listen, you need to match the headings in the notes with expressions you hear. Match each of the following expressions from the recording to one heading con the form inthe eram task. Example: Can [ust check on where you are? Address of Sts Co 1 CamI choose which days? 2. You'd mainly be responsible for ... 3. You cam ge through to me directly on. 4 5 have your .... with you when you come At present we're looking for...IAM PRACTICE 4 © Nowlisten to the conversation and complete the notes as you listen. Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER for each answer. White Water Sports Centre TIP When you wansfer : your answers to che newer sheet inthe . exam, copy only the words you have actualy ‘writen yourself, Do noc e2py words 2° symbols, printed on the question Paper Example Answer Manager's name Sas Tas. Job avila: A ener paeetie) Job responsbiies: ~ supervising simmers ~ cate of 2. sn for beginners” clases = caving om 3 regularly Days: “Two per week (4 08 ees) ‘Working hours: 5 eocrne © ° Maxiraum pay: 6 can EHO Inerview: Friday 32pm, Adres of Sports Conse: 723-27 1 Bast Gate Steve's det line: 8 Remember to bring: 9. ~ 10 CHECKING YOUR WORK 5 Make sure that: the information you have given makes sense in the gap. + you have spelled the words correctly. you haven't written more than three words. (Often, you only need one word) you haven written words that are already included in the notes (possibly in another form, eg. regularlyin question 3) 15 aFocus on speaking Describing habits Pare I interview > Focus on TELTS pages 8-9 UNDERSTANDING THE Questions TAP Ifyou dont hear the question, ask the raminee to repeat GIVING RELEVANT ANSWERS EXTENDING YOUR ANSWERS USEFUL LANGUAGE: FLUENCY MARKERS 6 Part 1 of the Speaking Module lasts for fous to five minutes and the” ‘examiner will ask you questions about yourself, your life and your habits. ‘Make sure you understand the questions and give relevant answers. Try 0 ‘extend your answers rather than giving short responses. © Listen and complete the four questions you hear. They are all about habits. 1 What do you 2 What do you... 3. What doyou .. 4. What kind of 'b © Now listen to speakers A-D answering the questions above. Match, ‘each speaker to the correct question. Speaker Avon. Speaker Bonn Speaker Cun Speaker D © The speakers extended their answers by contrasting their present habits with past habits Listen again tothe first two speakers and complete the extracts below. Speaker 1. 2 Tin vn €4 i the stadentcanteca. 3 Tae cen QDOK FE MSE 4 ‘But when I was living at home, { the cooking. I don’t actually do much cooking. xy mother with 3 Tnsnnnnnnennns Make the salad and cOOk the pasta and so on. ‘Speaker B ‘ 1 Nothing special 7 2 mein, when 108 yoUNgEE Tse rnenneenne Quite a Tot of running and things. 3 1 did a bit of sport. “The use of expressions called fluency markeselpd the speakers sound fluent and natural 4 Read the following quotes and match the lane markets in bold to thee see (0). ° 1 “Tobehonest I dont ke cooking much ata. Pm afraid Ym not very good att. Though | do quite ike making snacks and sundviches and 2 “Well, actually, T don’t get much time for exercise these days. I mean, I work long hours most days and just don't get the chance, relly? 3 "Wall suppose {ike documentaries best, bu they have tobe on interesting topics, of course?MODULEA THE FEEL.coOD FACTOR -f {used to tell someone politely something that may annoy or disappoint ‘used when explaining or giving an example of something, 3h used to say what really happens or is realy true 4) used to tll someone what you realy think: 4) used afer alist co show there ae other similar things that could be ‘mentioned ‘Al used to say you think something is true, although you are uncertain about it 1b Complete the response below with appropriate fluency markers from a, ‘Use each expression once only. ‘What do you do to keep fit? Not much, 1 ; 1 don’t realy like doing any kind of exercise, 2 Of course, Thad to do some when I was at school, and I used to be quite good at f00tball, 3 vevnnesannnnnnensons » But these days, 14 rather spend my time studying of reading 4. se ¢ © Listen and check your answers. EXAM PRACTICE, 4 a Using the language in the box below, and fluency markers, write responses tothe questions in Exercise 1a ‘ook Nowadays always var These days I sometimes wear hardly ever When Tas ed 1090. +b Now practise giving extended answers to the following questions. Record yourself speaking if possible. Which sports do you enjoy watching on TV? Do you prefer to watch or play sports? ‘What kind of physical activities did you do when you were at school? ‘What are the most popular sports in your country? Has this changed in recent years? 1 2 3 4 ”ANGUAGE REVIE 1 Topic vocabulary overview ‘The three main topics covered in Module A (Focus on IELTS Units | and 2) were exercise, nutrition and health. You may need to recognise and use words and phrases connected with these topics in IELTS Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking Modules. 4 Complete each phrase below by choosing the best ‘word from the boxes. Use each word once only. Listening Section 2: Healthy eating ‘Young people sometimes find i hard to aaintain 5 vee ONCE they've left home. In order to stay healthy, you need to eat the right food to havea Gn ln particular: «+ ea fresh food rather than convenience foods «limit intake of 7 (All the phrases are found in Focus on IELTS + increase 8. ‘Units and 2 and/or Module A.) (atleast fve portions daily) , er) such as ercse cheese and milk in moderation, ‘entre curcse expenditre programme sports Reading: The role of ins Each time we eat starch or sweet food fasulin 1 sports 2 energy fs released into the blood, This removes the 3. physical. ‘sugar al stores itso that cam be sed 4 training ben energy ruined, Hwee ih 5 competitive» . Woe sens 648 ead t0 Wave cand other et Se OI medical problems. Nowadays, with decreasing ‘consumption fat and sugar hab levels of exercise and an increase i ier products WD ven von We could beseing the epi of 6 intake of. of insulineelated 7 abalanced 8 dairy 9 fruivand vegetable 10 sensible eating... 2 General words Health and health problems Some words do not relate to specific topics, utcan ——— be use in a wide variety of general and academic benefcs disease epidemic Teves obesity) contexts. Often these words are used in texts 0 Tn aglobal introduce or refer back to more sperifie words and Th Blab men examples. They are therefore useful fr linking ideas. 3 tala ‘Youwill find these words useful for both Tasks 1 and a dildhood 2 of the Writing Module, 5 heat enn ‘Complete the sentences using a general word from b_ Now complete these extracts with appropriate phrases from Exercise 1a. Speaking Part 1: Keeping healthy ‘Examiner: What do you do to keep healthy? Candidate: Well, I think its important to have regular exercise; try to do some sort of intense 1 sown ay, $0 1 8010 the 2 onnenrnnennnn where Uhave quite a demanding 3 vennne And T quite Hike 4 cnonnnnnennnne SOT PLY football every weekend. 8 the box. Then underline the specific examples given in the sentence for each general word. ‘activites benefits developments events factors functions products responsibilities sectors ‘trends 1 You can buy and sell tickets for sporting soon uch a football matches and ‘botse races onthe Internet. 2 The main wm of a receptionist are answering the phone and dealing with customer queries. 3 Doing housework, gardening and similar eV Fa oeennnninsen 188 GOO Way Of Keeping4 Exercise and diet are the two main .... which contribute to obesity, : 5. The move towards ready-made meals and the increasing popularity of snack foods are growing which are affecting the health of the population. 6 Bod neeoneneve Such as breathing and digestion, use up quite a lot of energy. 7 Asensible programme of exercise can bring ‘many .. including physical fitness and social contacts. 8 In the last hundred years, technical and ‘economic. _. such as changes in transport and the nature of work, have profoundly affected people's energy requirements. . 9 Consumer . such as televisions and cars, have contributed to the rise of obesity in the West. 10 Eating out is now the UK’s favourite leisure time pursuit, and this has led to growth in all of the food industry, especially fast food and specialist foods. 3 Describing graphs In Module A pages 11-13, you looked at how to organise and write a description of a line graph. 2. Lookat the sentences below and number them in the best order to describe this graph. The first and last ones have been done for you. Ghanges in food consumption in Great Britain a8 ‘rams per porsen per Weck BeSeg o 8 1975 19801985 1980 19252000 8 fecha --o-- suger eke crea [1] Although it dipped in 1985, it then rose steadily and reached 750 grams in 2000. {71 By 2000 it was at the same level as the ‘consumption of sugar. [LD 1n 1975, the consumption of fresh fruit stood at 500 grams, then increased to 600 grams in- 1980, LANGUAGE REVIEW Af [1] However, this gradually increased throughout the period. [i] The graph shows changes in the amount of fresh fruit, sugar and ice-cream eaten per person per week in Britain between 1975 and 2000, {ii] tn addition, the consumption of ice-cream, ‘while at a relatively low level, rose significantly during this period. [1 In contrast, there was a consistent drop in sugar consumption. 17 From the graph we can see that overall, the consumption of fruit rose, while the consumption of sugar fell. 7 People consumed more fresh fruit than either sugar or ice-cream throughout the period. (C7 The amount consumed decreased steadily feom almost 400 grams per person to only 100 grams by 2000. (Cj The amount of ice-cream consumed weekly started at about 50 grams. b_ Write out the sentences as a complete report, dividing them up into paragraphs. < Rewrite the following sentences from Exercise 3a as shown. using a noun form rather than a verb, 1 Although it dipped in 1985, it then rose ‘ steadily and reached 750 grams in 2000. Although there was a this was followed by... 750 grams in 2000. 2. However, this gradually increased However, there was then 3. Overall, the consumption of fruit rose, while the consumption of sugar fell. Overall, thete was. while the consumption of sug fll. 4. The amount consumed decreased steadily from almost 400 grams per person to only 100 grams by 2000. There Was & nr per person to only 100 grams by 2000. — 4 Word formation: language of change Tick the verbs in the list below which are unchanged in the noun form. Where the noun is different, write itnnext to the verb. 1 to decline 6 to decrease 2 todip 7 tofluctuate 3 to increase 8 torecover 4 to grow 9 todrop 5 to fall 0. torise 19