Adjectives

Adjectives
Adjectives modify or describe a noun. These words ascribe an attribute to the noun being modified.
An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually answers the question of which one, what
kind, or how many. (Articles [a, an, the] are usually classified as adjectives.)
 The girl who won the first prize is my niece. (Modifies the noun girl.)
 The forest through which we travelled was dark and gloomy. (Modifies the noun forest.)
 My sister who lives in Mexico is a nurse. (Modifies the noun sister)
 This is the same house that Tennyson occupied. (Modifies the noun house)
 This is the same old story that we have been hearing since our childhood. (Modifies the noun story)
Adverbs
Adverbs modify or describe a verb, adjective or another adverb or word group. This modification can provide information
relating to time, place, manner, cause, degree, or circumstance.
An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. It usually answers the questions
of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Adverbs often end in -ly.
1. The two brothers embraced each other warmly.
2. Your son will never follow my advice.
3. Next morning, Harry got up early.
4. What are you doing tomorrow?
5. Jane was fond of flowers, especially lotus.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions are used connect words, phrases and clauses together. They coordinate the words together so they make
sense as a cohesive thought, sentence or paragraph.
A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined. Coordinating
conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. Subordinating conjunctions connect
clauses that are not equal: because, although, while, since, etc. There are other types of conjunctions as well.
 Give me something to drink or else I will die of thirst.

 Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy.
 I hear that you are going abroad.
 My grandfather died before I was born.
 I shall be upset if you do it.
Interjections
Interjections are words used as exclamations to show feelings. They're usually abrupt, interrupting the speech for
emotional effect.
An interjection is a word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamation point.
 Whew, that was close.

 Careful, the tiger is hungry!
 Yes, I think I will have more tea please.
 Thanks, I needed that.
 For example, you could make a model of the city.
Nouns
Nouns name a person, place, thing idea or quality. They can act as the subject or the object of a sentence.
A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an), but not always.
Proper nouns always start with a capital letter; common nouns do not. Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or
abstract. Nouns show possession by adding 's. Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a
noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.
 A fox saw a bunch of grapes

 My ring is made of gold
 always speak the truth
 can you see the air
 the horses eat grass
Prepositions
Prepositions are used to indicate relationships, often spatial, between nouns and pronouns. They indicate how one noun,
noun phrase, or pronoun relates to another.
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.
Therefore a preposition is always part of a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase almost always functions as an
adjective or as an adverb. The following list includes the most common prepositions:
 Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.

 The lion and the unicorn fought for the crown.
 Little Jack Horner sat in a corner.
 Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town.
 A fair little girl sat under a tree.
Pronouns
Pronouns take the place of nouns to simplify speech and writing. They can otherwise function in the same way as nouns,
serving as subjects and objects in sentences.
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its
antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for the pronoun she is the girl. Pronouns are further defined by type:
personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things; possessive pronouns indicate ownership; reflexive pronouns are
used to emphasize another noun or pronoun; relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause; and demonstrative
pronouns identify, point to, or refer to nouns.
 She is the smartest kid in class.

 George took the book from him.
 Who is coming to the party tonight?
 Look at Mike. Mike is a good boy.
 Mike loves to study. Mike is good at skating.
 (Theidioms.com)
Verbs
Verbs express action or a state of being. It is because of the former that verbs are often called "action verbs," but non-
action verbs can be used to represent a state of being, need, sense or preference.
The verb in a sentence expresses action or being. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs. ("She
can sing." Sing is the main verb; can is the helping verb.) A verb must agree with its subject in number (both are singular
or both are plural). Verbs also take different forms to express tense.
to mark (something, such as a word) with a line underneath
2: to put emphasis on : STRESS
3: to show clearly or emphatically
 Anthony is throwing the football.

 She accepted the job offer.

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1. The two brothers embraced each other warmly.

2. Your son will never follow my advice.

3. Next morning, Harry got up early.

4. What are you doing tomorrow?

5. Jane was fond of flowers, especially lotus.

 Give me something to drink or else I will die of thirst.

An interjection is a word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamation point.

 Whew, that was close.

 A fox saw a bunch of grapes

 Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.

 She is the smartest kid in class.

to mark (something, such as a word) with a line underneath

2: to put emphasis on : STRESS

3: to show clearly or emphatically

 Anthony is throwing the football.

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