Republic of the Philippines

Sorsogon State College

Bulan, Campus

Topic: Pantheon of Gods and Goddesses of the Philippine Mythology

The Legend of Maria Makiling

Subject: E107---Mythology and Folklore

Discussant: Princess Joy P. Granado

Instructor: Ms. Jennifer Pura

Pantheon of Gods and Goddesses of the Philippine Mythology

 Filipino mythology gods and goddesses

The famous gods and goddesses of Greek, Roman, Norse, Egyptian, Chinese,
and Japanese mythology are the most widespread popular mythology in the world
today. These different countries contain different gods and goddesses. Even if
Filipino Mythology is not as well-known as the others, they still contain similar
elements, such as gods, goddesses, creation stories, mythical creatures and beliefs.

 Ancient Tagalog Deities

Generations divided based on common beliefs about the Offspring of the gods:

 First Generation Gods

Bathala

• The supreme god of the Tagalogs; creator of man and earth and
addressed sometimes as Bathalang Maykapal.

• He dwells in Kaluwalhatian together with the lesser gods and goddesses.

• Aside from the lesser gods and goddesses, he sent his anitos in order to
assist the daily lives of every human.

• When most of the natives were converted to Christianity during

the Spanish Era, he was referred to the Christian God.

Amanikable

• The ill-tempered god of the sea because among the first generation gods
(aside from Bathala), he was never married after his love was spurned by
a beautiful mortal maiden, Maganda.

• In frustration, he swore vengeance against the humans by sending

turbulent waves and horrible tempest in order to wreck boats and to
drown men.
Idiyanale

 Known by the Tagalogs as the god of animal husbandry and

aquaculture by others the god of agriculture,

 the god who is in charge of animal welfare and aquatic resources, he

usually lives in the woods and guards the animals from hunters, also on
waters takes in charge of the fishes and other marine life.

Dumangan

• The goddess of good harvest.

• She was married to Idiyanale and had two offspring.

Lakampati

 She is major fertility deity of the ancient Tagalogs.

 Farmers with their children brought offerings for him at the fields and
invoke him to protect them from famine. Some sources also said that food
and words are offered to him by his devotees asking for "water" for their
fields and "fish" when they set sail in the sea for fishing.

 Lakampati was a hermaphrodite deity and was commented by some

authors and friars as “the hermaphrodite devil who satisfies his carnal
appetite with men and women”.

 He is identified to the ancient Zambal goddess Ikapati although he/she

also has a characteristics similar to other Zambal deities such as Anitong
Tawo, Dumangan, Damulag, Kalasokus, and Kalaskas.

 Second Generation Gods

Mayari

 The goddess of moon and one of the three daughters of Bathala to

mortal women.

 She was the most charming of all the goddesses and had two sisters
namely Tala and Hanan.

Tala

 The goddess of the stars;

 sister of Mayari and Hanan and one of the three daughters of Bathala by
a mortal woman.

Hanan

 The goddess of morning;

 sister of Mayari and Tala and one of the three daughters of Bathala by a
mortal woman.
Dumakulem

 The strong, agile guardian of mountains and the son of Idiyanale and
Dumangan.

 His sister was Anitun Tabu.

 He later married Anagolay.

Anitun Tabu

 The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain.

 She was the daughter of Idiyanale and Dumangan and the sister of
Dumakulem.

Anagolay

 The goddess of lost things and the only offspring of Lakapati and
Mapulon.

 She was married to Dumakulem.

 Third Generations Gods

Sitan

 The guardian of Kasamaan and the keeper of all souls therein, the
counterpart of Satan.

He had four agents whose task was to lead man to sin and destruction:

Manggagaway

 She was the first agent of Sitan and was primarily blamed as the cause of
diseases. Sometimes, she would change herself into a human form,
appearing as a false healer. If she wished to kill someone, she employed a
magic wand.

Manisilat

 The second agent of Sitan, she was tasked to destroy and break every happy
and united family that she could find.

Mangkukulam

 The only male agent of Sitan, he was to emit fire at night and when there was
bad weather. Like his fellow agents, he could change his form to that of a
healer and then induce fire at his victim’s house. If the fire were extinguished
immediately, the victim would eventually die. His name remains today as
witch.

Hukluban

 The last agent of Sitan could change herself into any form she desired. She
could kill someone by simply raising her hand and could heal without any
difficulty as she wished. Her name literally means “crone” or “hag.”
Ancient Bicolano Deities

Gugurang

 The supreme god who dwells inside of Mount Mayon where he guards and
protects the sacred fire in which Aswang, his brother was trying to steal.

Asuang

 The evil god who always try to steal the sacred fire of Mount Mayon from his
brother, Gugurang.

Haliya

 The masked goddess of the moon and the arch-enemy of Bakunawa.

Bakunawa

 A gigantic sea serpent.

 Ancient Visayan Deities

Kaptan

 The supreme god who dwells in the sky.

Maguayan/Magwayan

 The goddess of the sea and death.

Lihangin

 The god of the wind and the son of Kaptan.

Lidagat

 The goddess of the sea, daughter of Maguayan.

Likabutan

 The god of the world and the eldest children of Lihangin and Lidagat.

Liadlaw

 The god of the sun and the second children of Lihangin ang Lidagat.

Libulan

 The god of the moon and the third children of Lihangin and Lidagat.

Lisuga

 the goddess of the stars.

  Ancient T’boli Dieties

Kadaw La Sambad

 The sun god and supreme god. Married to Bulon La Mogoaw, they reside in
the seventh heaven.

Bulon La Mogoaw

 The moon goddess and supreme goddess, wife of Kadaw La Sambad.

Sfedat

 The second son who married his sister, the second daughter, Bong Libun.

Dwata

 The third son who married two of his sisters, Sedek We and Hyu We.

Litik

 The god of thunder.

Blanga

 The god of stones and rocks.

Teme Lus

 The god of wild beasts.

Tdolok

 The god of death.

Ginton

 The god of metallurgy.

Lmugot Mangay

 The god of life.

Fun Bulol

 The god of the mountains.

Bong Libun

 Married to her brother Sfedat.

 Ancient Ilokano Dieties

Buni - God

Parsua - Creator

Apo Langit - Lord Heaven (Apo means "Lord")

Apo Angin - Lord Wind

Apo Init - Lord Sun

Apo Tudo - Lord Rain

Mangmankit - spirits who dwell in woodlands and trees

Kaibaan - dwarfs who dwell in anthills

Bagbagutot - spirits who swell in shrubs

Namagayak - the soul of the rice (pagay)

 Ancient Kapampangan Dieties

Mangechay or Mangacha - The great elder, is said the creator of the Heavens.

Aring Sinukûan – The Kapampangan sun god of war and death. Apûng Malyari –
The moon god who lives in Mt. Pinatubo and ruler of the eight rivers.

Tálâ – The bright star, the one who introduced wet-rice culture.

Munag Sumalâ – One of the children of Aring Sinukuan who represent dawn. Also
known as the golden serpent.

Lakandanup – Son of Aring Sinukuan, the god of gluttony and represents the sun at
noon time.

Gatpanapun –His name means 'afternoon' in Kapampangan language.

Sisilim- Her name means dusk.

Galurâ - The winged assistant of Aring Sinukuan.

 Ancient Bukidnon Dieties

Magbabaya (The Ruler of All) - The supreme god who has minor gods and
goddesses beneath him to do specific jobs and take care of certain things.

Domalondong – The god of the north.

Ongli – The god of the south.

Tagolambong – The god of the east.

Bulalakaw - The spirit who watches the rivers and takes care of the fishermen's
catch.

FAMOUS PHILIPPINE DIWATAS

1. Mariang Makiling

2. Mariang Sinukuan

3. Maria Cacao
 4. Diwata ng Kagubatan

Mariang Makiling

• The most famous of all the enchantress in the Philippine

mythology and folklore.

• She was the protector and guardian of Mount Makiling located in Los
Baños, Laguna. Thus, modern sightings of her were even reported.

• Maria Makiling is a common theme among Filipino artists, ranging from

painters and sculptors to graphic novelists. Before, the Spanish arrived in
the Philippines, she was known as Diyan Masalanta.

Mariang Sinukuan

• She was the resident and protector of Mount Arayat located

in Arayat, Pampanga

Maria Cacao

• She dwells in Mount Lantoy, Argao, Cebu where she had cacao trees,
hence a plantation outside her own cave.

• After harvest, rain comes that wash down the mountain, enabling her to
float down to the towns below in her golden ship to sell her products.

Diwata ng Kagubatan

• Also known as Virgen Del Monte, she was worshiped by the

ancient Cuyunon of Cuyo Island, Palawan.

• She is honored in a celebrated feast, periodically held atop of Mount

Caimana in the mentioned island.

• When most of the natives were converted to Christianity during

the Spanish Era, about 2/3 of the converted Cuyunon are still celebrating
her feast that upset the Spanish authorities. The situation led the Spanish
authorities to intensify their evangelization and governance efforts.

The Legend Of Maria Makiling

Once upon a time, a diwata lived in a mountain of Laguna. She was

called Maria Makiling. She has light olive skin, long shining black hair and twinkling
eyes. She was breathtakingly beautiful. Maria was always about helping other
people. One time, the children of a farmer got sick. When he went to Maria to seek
help, he was given a bilao full of ginger. The farmer sadly went home carrying the
bilao of ginger. When he reached his hut, he was greatly surprised: the ginger had
turned to gold! Because of Maria's kindness, the townsfolk had grown to love her.

Maria was a great beauty. She was sought for and wooed by many
suitors. Three of them were very much determined to have her. One is Captain
Lara, a Spanish soldier who always brought her gifts from Europe. The other is
Joselito, a Spanish mestizo who was studying in Manila . Every time Joselito visits
Maria, he had many stories to tell her about foreign countries and the things that he
had read in books. He dreamed of going to Spain. He didn't like to live in the
Philippines. Of the three, it was Juan who is the most industrious. He is a common
farmer. But he is so hard working, and his fruits and vegetable grew fat and juicy.
He also had many pet animals and birds. But if truth be told, it was Juan who Maria
secretly admired. As time passed, her suitors became more and more impatient
and demanded that Maria tell them who she loves. So the diwata was forced to
promise: "By the night of the full moon, I will tell you my answer."

When the night of the full moon arrived, all of her suitors climbed up the
mountain to know her decision. All was startled when Maria told them that it was
Juan whom she loved. The suitors went away feeling dejected. On the other hand,
Joselito and Captain Lara were very much angry with Juan. They thought of a plan
against him.

One day, all was surprised when a huge fire devoured the cuartel of the
Spanish. Because of the fire, Captain Lara ordered many Filipinos to be captured.
Secretly, Joselito helped him. Juan was among those who they imprisoned and
tortured.

Many prisoners did not last long from the tortures the Spanish had inflicted
upon them. One night, Captain Lara and Joselito secretly spoke with the prisoners.
The next day, Juan was blamed for the burning of the Spanish cuartel. "I did not do
it!" cried Juan. But the prisoners pointed at him because Captain Lara and Joselito
frightened them.

The soldiers brought Juan to the plaza. In front of hundreds of people,

Juan was shot as the enemy of the Spaniards. He was killed even though he didn't
commit any wrongdoing. But before he died, he managed to shout out loud
Maria's name. It was heard by the diwata so she quickly went down her mountain.

But Juan was already dead when Maria arrived. Tears falling down her
face, she embraced tightly his lifeless body. Afterwards, she faced the crowd. "Why
did you not take care of him?" she shouted. Meanwhile, Captain Lara and Joselito
fled to Manila because they were afraid of Maria. When she learned of this, she
cursed the two. She also cursed those men who cannot accept failure in love.
Soon, the curse took effect. Joselito suddenly became ill. There was no cure for his
illness.

Captain Lara, on the other hand, was called back to Laguna when the
Filipinos revolted against the abuse that the Spaniards had inflicted upon them. The
revolution quickly spread to many parts of the Philippines. The revolutionary Filipinos
killed Captain Lara.

From then on, Maria never let herself be seen by the people. Every time
somebody got lost on the mountain, they remember the curse of the diwata. They
remember the great love of Maria Makiling.