1- INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING

CNC : Computerised numerical controlling machine.

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO CNC

Computer Numerical Controls is an NC system that utilizes a dedicated, stored program

computer to perform some or all of the basic numerical functions. Because of trend towards
downsizing in computers, most of the CNC systems sold today use a microcomputer based
controller units. Over the years, minicomputers have also been used in CNC controls.

The external appearance of a CNC machine is very similar to that of conventional NC

machine. Part programs are initially entered in a similar manner. Punched tape readers are
still the common device to input the part program into the system. However, with
conventional numerical control, the punched tape is cycled through the rear for every work
piece in the batch. With CNC, the programme is entered once and then stored in the
computer memory. Thus the tape reader is used only for original loading of the part
program and data. Compared to regular NC, the CNC offers additional flexibility and
computational capability. New system options can be incorporated in to the CNC controller
simply by reprogramming the unit. Because of this reprogramming capacity , both in terms
of part programming and system control options, CNC is often referred to by the term
“soft wired” NC.
 1.0.1 CNC CONTROLLERS

The CNC machines can be classified on many basis some of them are given below:

I. OPEN LOOP SYSTEM AND CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM:

The basis of this classification is on the feedback operation. In open loop system the is
no feedback mechanism, ie. The information or data can’t be transmitted back to the
machine control unit. On the other hand in closed loop system a feed device is
connected in the circuit. This feed back device transfers the data processer by the
sensors (speed sensors, displacement sensors etc.) back to the machine control unit.
The MCU then compares the feedback values with the original values and gives the
appropriate orders to that particular device so that required value is obtained.

II. ON THE BASIS OF TOOL MOVEMENT:

2
 a) Point to point CNC

Point to point is also sometimes called positioning system. In PPT, the Objective of the
machine tool control system is to move the cutting tool to predetermined location. The
speed or path by which this movement is accomplished is not important in point to point
system. Once the tool reaches the desired location, the machining operation is performed
at that location.

b) Straight cut CNC

Straight cut control system are capable of moving the cutting tool parallel to one of the
major axis at a controlled rate suitable for machining. It is therefore appropriate for
performing milling operation to fabricate rectangular piece. With this type of NC system it
is not possible to combine movements in more than a single axis direction. Therefore
angular cuts on work piece would not be possible; a CNC machine capable of straight cut
movement is also capable of PTP movements.

c) Contouring CNC

Contouring is the most complex, and most flexible, and the most expansive type of machine
tool control. It is capable of performing both PTP and straight cut operation. In addition,
the distinct features of contouring CNC system are their capacity to control simultaneously
more than one axis movement of the machine tool. The path of the cutter is continuously
controlled to generate desired geometry of the work piece. For this reason, contouring
system is also called continuous path CNC system

Ш. ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF AXIS:

Two axis (2) CNC :

In two axis CNC machine any two of the three axes (X Y Z) are present i.e., XY
or YZ or ZX are only present. That means the tool or machine base can move only in two
directions.

Two and half axis (21/2)CNC :

3
 In 21/2 axis CNC machining though there axis (x y z )
the machine t5ool or machine base can be moved only in two directions simultaneously.
For example, if it has to move in all directions then it is moved in X and Y direction first
simultaneously and then in Z direction.

Three axis (3) CNC :

In three axis CNC contrary to 21/2 CNC the machine tool or the machine base can
be in all the three axis directions simultaneously.

The other CNC machines classified under number of axis are

Three and half axis CNC (X Y Z a)

Four axis CNC (X Y Z a)
Four and half axis CNC (X Y Z a b)
Five axes CNC (X Y Z a b)
a, b are angular in X & Y directions respectively.

1.1 COORDINATE SYSTEM IN CNC MACHINES

In order for the part programmere to plan the sequence of position movements of
the cutting tool relative to the workpiece, it is necessary to establish a standard axes system
by which the relative position can be specified.

Two axes X & Y are defined in the plane of the table. The Z axis is perpendicular
to this plane and movement in Z direction is controlled by the vertical motion of the spindle.

1.2 FIXED ZERO AND FLOATING ZERO:

The programmer must determine the position of the tool relative to the origin of the
coordinate system. CNC machine have either of two methods for specifying the zero point.
The first possibility is for the machine to have a fixed zero. In this case, the origin is always
located at same position on the machine table. Usually,that position in the south west corner
of the table and all two locations will be defined positive X & Y co ordinates.
The second and more common features on modern CNC machines allow the machine
operator to set the zero point at5 any position on the machine table. This feature is called
floating zero. The part programmer is the one who decides where the zero point should be
located. The decision is based on part programming convenience.

1.3 ADVANTAGES OF CNC MACHINE

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 • Complex shape can be produced which is not possible on conventional machines.
• In less time more output.
• These machines are used for mass and bach production, tool room purpose.
• It is high repealability.
• High accuracy up to microns.
• Good finishing due to higher speeds and feeds.
• Less fixturing.
• Number of tools can be accommodated.
• Number of programs can be stored.
• Skilled operator is not required. But where as programmer should have
knowledge of drawing, tools and operation, sequence of operation, holding the
job.

1.4 DISADVANTAGES OF CNC MACHINE

• Machine cost is high.

Programming- Alpha numeric- EX:-G91 x10.0

device

Part Part pro- Series

drawing -gramming motor

Controller

G-codes M-codes

CNC MACHINE

1.5 CNC-VERTICAL MACHINING CENTER

Details Of The CNC Machine

No Of Axeses: 3 Axis (x, y, z)

Make : HARTFORD
Made : TAIWAN
Controller:Fanuc
Software-‘OM’ Series
Number of tools-20
Automatic tool changer [ATC] : UMBERILLA TYPE
Tool holding: Pneumatically

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x+ = Table moves left hand side of the operator.
x- = Table moves right hand side of the operator.
y+ = Saddle moves towards operator.
y- = Saddle moves away from the operator.
Z+ = Spindle head moves upwards.
z- =Spindle head moves downwards.

Part
programming

Co-ordinate Method of
system programming

Absolute Relative
method -G90 method- G91

1.6 PROGRAMMING METHODS

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 There are two methods to describe the path of motion in a CNC Machine.

• Absolute Programming Method

• Incremental Programming Method

In Absolute Programming method Taking one point on work piece is taken as

reference, or zero point and all other dimensions are represented with respect to that point.

In Incremental Programming Method always the next point refers the PREVIOUS
final coordinate point . if the values are in increasing order (+)positive sign,decresing order
(-) negative sign to be taken.

1.6.1 PROGRAMMING METHODS COMPARISON

Absolute System Incremental System

The path information given is always The zero reference point for each
calculated from a definite starting point. information is the current position
slides.

Y
A (0,3)
b B (2,3)
c
C (2,2) D (3.5, 2)

a
E(4.5,0.5)
e
0 (0,0) X

Path X Y Path X Y
a 0 3 a 0 3
b 2 0 b 2 0
c 0 2 c 0 -1
d 3.5 0 d 1.5 0
Point Oe is the reference
4.5 0.5
point e
Point points.O, A,1 B, C &-D1.5are

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 1.7 INDUSTRY PRODUCT

Product Design Planning and Manufactur Quality

drawing processing ing

1.7.1 Classification in Manufacturing

1. Pattern
2. Mould
3. Casting
4. Lathe machine
5. Milling
6. Plaining
7. Keyway cutting
8. gear cutting
9. Heat treatment
10. Quality
11. Assembly
12. packing
13. Product output

1.7.2 Measuring Instruments

→ Steel rule
→ outside caliper
→ Inside caliper
→ Odd leg caliper

1.7.3 Gauges
♦ Radius gauge
♦ Pitch gauge
♦ Center gauge
♦ Feeler gauge

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♦ Wire gauge
♦ Vernier caliper
♦ Digital vernier caliper
♦ Vernier height gauge
♦ Vernier bevel protractor [for angles]

1.7.4 Plug Gauges

→ Thread and Angle gauges
→ Sine bar
→ Slip gauge
→ Vernier depth gauge

1.7.5 Micrometers
♦ Outside micrometer
♦ Inside micrometer
♦ Depth micrometer
♦ Screw micrometer
♦ 2-d Digital height meter
♦ Co-ordinate measuring machine [CMM]
1.8 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
a. STEEL RULE

The simplest and most common measuring tool. The flat steel rule is usually 6 or 12
inches long, but longer sizes are available. Steel rules can be flexible or nonflexible, thin
or wide. The thinner the rule, the more accurately it measures, because the division marks
are closer to the work.

b. OUTSIDE CALIPER

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Often calipers an instrument consisting of two hinged legs, used to measure thickness and
distances. A large instrument having a fixed and a movable arm on a graduated stock,
used for measuring the diameters of logs and similar objects.

c. INSIDE CALIPER

The inside calipers are used to measure the internal size of an object.

• The upper caliper in the image (at the right) requires manual adjustment prior to
fitting. Fine setting of this caliper type is performed by tapping the caliper legs
lightly on a handy surface until they will almost pass over the object. A light push
against the resistance of the central pivot screw then spreads the legs to the correct
dimension and provides the required, consistent feel that ensures a repeatable
measurement.
• The lower caliper in the image has an adjusting screw that permits it to be
carefully adjusted without removal of the tool from the workpiece.

d. ODDLEG CALIPER

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Oddleg calipers, Hermaphrodite calipers, or Oddleg jennys, as pictured on the left, are
generally used to scribe a line a set distance from the edge of a workpiece. The bent leg is
used to run along the workpiece edge while the scriber makes its mark at a predetermined
distance, this ensures a line parallel to the edge.

1.9 GAUGES
a. RADIUS GAUGES
A radius gauge, also known as a fillet gauge, is a tool used to measure the radius of an
object.

Radius gauges require a bright light behind the object to be measured. The gauge is
placed against the edge to be checked and any light leakage between the blade and edge
indicates a mismatch that requires correction.

A good set of gauges will offer both convex and concave sections, and allow for their
application in awkward locations.

Every leave has different radius. The material of the leaves is stainless steel. It is of two
types: 1. Internal 2. External. It is used to check the radius of inner and outer surfaces.

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b. PITCH GAUGE

A thread pitch gauge also known as a screw pitch gauge or pitch gauge, is used to
measure the pitch or lead of a screw thread. The uppermost gauge in the image is an ISO
metric pitch gauge, the larger gauge in the center is for measuring the Acme thread form,
and the lower gauge is for Whitworth screws.

Thread pitch gauges are used as a reference tool in determining the pitch of a thread that
is on a screw or in a tapped hole. This tool is not used as a precision measuring
instrument. This device allows the user to determine the profile of the given thread and
quickly categorize the thread by shape and pitch. This device also saves time, in that it
removes the need for the user to measure and calculate the thread pitch of the threaded
item.

c. CENTER GAUGE

Center gauges and fishtail gauges are gauges used in lathe work for checking the angles
when grinding the profiles of single-point screw-cutting tool bits and centers. In the
image, the gauge on the left is called a fishtail gauge or center gauge, and the one on the
right is another style of center gauge.

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These gauges are most commonly used when hand-grinding threading tool bits on a
bench grinder, although they may be used with tool and cutter grinders.

d. FEELER GAUGE

A feeler gauge is a tool used to measure gap widths. Feeler gauges are mostly used in
engineering to measure the clearance between two parts.

They consist of a number of small lengths of steel of different thicknesses with

measurements marked on each piece. They are flexible enough that, even if they are all
on the same hinge, several can be stacked together to gauge intermediate values. It is
common to have two sets for imperial units (typically measured in thousandths of an
inch) and metric (typically measured in hundredths of a millimetre) measurements.

e. WIRE GAUGE

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Wire gauge is a measurement of how large a wire is, either in diameter or cross sectional
area. This determines the amount of electric current a wire can safely carry, as well as its
electrical resistance and weight per unit of length. Wire gauge is applicable to both
electrical and non-electrical wires, being important to electrical wiring and to structural
cable.

1.10 VERNIER CALIPER

A vernier caliper is a device that lets the user measure more precisely than could be done
unaided when reading a uniformly-divided straight or circular measurement scale. It is a
scale that indicates where the measurement lies in between two of the marks on the main
scale. Verniers are commonly used in navigation, scientific instruments used to conduct
experiments, machinists' measuring tools (all sorts, but especially calipers and
micrometers) used to work materials to fine tolerances, and on theodolites used in
surveying.

1MSD = 1mm
1VSD =49/50mm
Least count [lc] =1msd- 1vsd
= 1-49/50
= 1-0.98
=0.02mm

49mm from main scale is divide into 50 equal parts in vernier scale.

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1.10.1 DIGITAL VERNIER CALIPER

The Digital Caliper (sometimes incorrectly called the Digital Vernier Caliper) is a
precision instrument that can be used to measure internal and external distances
extremely accurately. The example shown below is a digital caliper as the
distances/measurements, are read from a LCD display. The most important parts have
been labelled.
Earlier versions of this type of measuring instrument had to be read by looking carefully
at the imperial or metric scale and there was a need for very good eyesight in order to
read the small sliding scale. Manually operated vernier calipers can still be bought and
remain popular because they are much cheaper than the digital version. Also, the digital
version requires a small battery whereas the manual version does not need any power
source.
Digital calipers are easier to use as the measurement is clearly displayed and also, by
pressing the inch/mm button the distance can be read as metric or imperial.

1.11 VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE/ VERNIER DEPTH GAUGES

A height gauge is a measuring device used either for determining the height of objects, or
for marking of items to be work on.

These measuring tools are used in metalworking or metrology to either set or measure
vertical distances; the pointer is sharpened to allow it to act as a scriber and assist in
marking out work pieces.

In the toolroom, the distinction between a height gauge and a surface gauge is that a
height gauge has a measuring head (whether vernier, fine rack and pinion with dial, or
linear encoder with digital display), whereas a surface gauge has only a scriber point.
Both are typically used on a surface plate and have a heavy base with an accurately flat,
smooth underside.

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1.12 VERNIER BEVEL PROTRACTOR

The bevel protractor is used to establish and test angles to very close tolerances. It reads
to 5 minutes or 1/20o and can be used completely through 360o.

A bevel protractor is a graduated circular protractor with one pivoted arm; used for
measuring or marking off angles. Sometimes Vernier scales are attached to give more
precise readings. It has wide application in architectural and mechanical drawing,
although its use is decreasing with the availability of modern drawing software or CAD.

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1.13 PLUG GAUGES
THREAD AND ANGLE GAUGES

A gauge for measuring screw threads or for checking or determining the pitch, thread
angle, or diameter of a screw thread.

1.14 SINE BAR

A sine bar consists of a hardened, precision ground body with two precision ground
cylinders fixed at the ends. The distance between the centers of the cylinders is precisely
controlled, and the top of the bar is parallel to a line through the centers of the two rollers.
The dimension between the two rollers is chosen to be a whole number (for ease of later
calculations) and forms the hypotenuse of a triangle when in use.

Sine angle = perpendicular/hypotenuse

1.15 SLIP GAUGES

In General Engineering a very accurately ground block of hardened steel used to
measure a gap with close accuracy used mainly in tool-making and inspection.

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1.16 MICROMETERS
a. OUTSIDE MICROMETER

The outside micrometer is the most commonly used type of micrometer.It is used to
measure external dimensions such as the outside diameter of an object.

b. INSIDE MICROMETER

Inside micrometers are used to measure inside dimensions like the inside diameter of a
hole or tube. There are two types of inside micrometer: caliper-type inside micrometers
and tubular and rod inside micrometers.

c. DEPTH MICROMETER

Depth micrometers are used to measure the depths of holes, slots and steps. They come
with a variety of interchangeable rods of different lengths so that they can be used to
measure a range of depths.

d. SCREW MICROMETER
Micrometer screw gauge is used for measuring small dimensions with acute precision.
Screw gauge is used for dimensions smaller than those measured by vernier calipers.
Accuracy =0.01mm
1mm = 1000 microns
0.1mm = 100 microns

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0.01mm = 10 microns
0.001mm = 1 micron

1 thimble division or Lc = 0.5/50

= 0.01mm

e. 2D DIGITAL HEIGHT GAUGE/METER

Digi height 600 2D height gauge has very stable, mechanical construction. Precise
bearing slide mounted on a ground and lapped steel measuring column ensures high
mechanical accuracy for squareness and straightness. Digi height 600 has high
performance display to ensure ease in measuring applications such as heights, diameters
depths and center line distances, angles, squareness deviations with tolerance limits
indication.

1.17 CO-ORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE

A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a device for measuring the physical
geometrical characteristics of an object. This machine may be manually controlled by an
operator or it may be computer controlled. Measurements are defined by a probe attached
to the third moving axis of this machine. Probes may be mechanical, optical, laser, or
white light, amongst others. A machine which takes readings in six degrees of freedom
and displays these readings in mathematical form is known as a CMM.

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1.18 AXISES

1.19 G90-ABSOLUTE METHOD

Taking zero at any one place all other dimensions will represent with respect to that point
is called absolute method.
Or
At any point having referenc from origin.

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1.20 PROGRAMS DONE IN CLASS AND IN LAB

F
32
J E G
24
C D
16
K B H
8
A L I
(0,0) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
x

X Y
A 0 0
B 10 8
C 15 16
D 20 16
E 25 24
F 30 32
G 35 24
H 35 8
I 30 0
J 0 24
K 0 8
L 15 0

21
 Y
0

-15
-10 -5 6 12 18

12
F E C
8
G B

H D
4
X+
X- I
A
K L O
-8
0

J M
-16

-24

Y-

X Y X Y
A 0 0 H -10 0
B 6 4 I -5 -8
C 12 8 J -10 -16
D 12 0 K 0 -8
E 0 8 L 6 -8
F -5 8 M 12 -16
G -10 4 N 18 -8
+Y

1st 2nd -X +X

-Y

3rd

1st & 2nd

2nd & 3rd

4th

ALL 4
3rd & 4th 4th & 1st

22
 200

H G

150
C D
A B E E
50

75
75

X Y
A 0 0
B 75 0
C 75 40
D 125 40
E 125 0
F 200 0
G 200 150
H 0 150
I 0 0

150
L
M
80
100

E F
C D K
G H

B J
I J
A 20
25

25 25
40 25

X Y X Y
A 0 0 H 110 15
B 40 0 I 110 0
C 40 15 J 135 0
D 65 15 K 150 20
E 65 30 L 150 100
F 85 30 M 0 100
G 85 15 N 0 0

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 Part programming

Miscellaneous codes
Geometrical codes Other dimensional
or mixed codes [M-
[G-codes] commands
codes]

1.21 Commonly used M-codes

M00 - Programme stop

M01 - Optional stop
M02 - Programme end without rewind
M03 - Spindle rotation clockwise [CW]
M04 - Spindle rotation counter clockwise [CCW]
M05 - Spindle rotation stop
M06 - Tool exchange
M08 - Coolant motor ON
M09 - Coolant motor OFF
M30 - Programme end with rewind
M98 - Sub programme call
M99 - Sub programme end
M19 - Spindle orientation
M70 - Mirror image X axis is ON
M71 - Mirror image Y axis is ON
M72 - Mirror image X and Y axis is OFF

1.22 Commonly used G-codes

G00 - Rapid positioning

G01 - Linear interpolation
G02 - Cirular interpolation clockwise [CW]
G03 - Cirular interpolation counter clockwise [CCW]
G04 - Dwell time
G17 - x,y plane selection
G18 - x,z plane selection
G19 - y,z plane selection
G20 - Inch mode
G21 - Metric mode

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G28 - Automatic reference return
G40 - Cutter radius compensation [CRC] cansile
G41 - Cutter radius compensation [CRC] left side
G42 - Cutter radius compensation [CRC] right side
G43 - Tool height compensation
G49 - Tool height compensation Cansile
G54-G59 - Zero OFF set numbers
G53 - Cansilation of zero OFF set numbers
G15 - Polar co-ordinate cansile
G16 - Polar co-ordinate ON
G80 - Cansilation of canned cycles
G81 - Drilling cycle
G82 - Drilling with dwell time
G83 - Peck drilling cycle
G84 - Tapping cycle right hand
G74 - Tapping cycle left hand
G85 - Boring cycle [retraction in feed]
G86 - Boring cycle [retraction in rapid]
G76 - Time Boring cycle
G90 - Absolute method programming
G91 - Incremental/relative method programming
G94 - Feed in mm/minute
G95 - Feed in mm/revolution

Note:- Cansiles are the operations of drilling, boring, tapping.

1.23 SOME IMPORTANT CODES DEFINITIONS

a. G91-RELATIVE / INCREMENTAL METHOD

The next dimensions refers the previous final co-ordinate if the values are in increasing
order positive sign [+] to be taken , if the values are in decreasing order negative sign [-]
to be taken.
Or
At any point having reference from previous point.

Example:-

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b. G00-Rapid Positioning

The code specifies a linear movement at the rapid feed rate. X, Y, Z can be Moved
individually or simultaneously. The feed rate need not be programmed.

c. G01-Linear Interpolation

The tool moves along the straight line to the specified position at the programmed
feed rate

d. G04 : Dwell

The dwell time is programmed under the address X or P. Dwell is programmed as an

unsigned number. The dwell time is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
Dwell is not accepted in MDI mode.

Example : Dwell time of 5 seconds is programmed as G04 X5 or 04P500

e. G17 - Selection of XY plane

f. G18 - Selection of ZX plane

g. G19 - Selection of YZ plane

By programming G17/G18/G19 the plane is defined in which cutter radius

compensation is available. If a plane has not been selected at the start of the program, the
default plane will be defined by G17.

When movement of X & Y is intended G17 code is to be programmed. It is a modal

code and will be effective until cancelled by G18/G19. Same way for Z & Y and Y & Z
axes.

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h. G 20 : Inch Mode

The use of this code will enable the control to accept part program dimensions in
“Inches”. Once programmed G20 remains in effect until cancelled by G21.

i. G 21 : Metric Mode

The basic mode of the system is metric. So it is not necessary to program G21 except when
canceling G20. G21 enables the control to accept part program dimensions in millimeters.
The system remains in metric mode until G20 is program dimensions in millimeters. The
system remains in metric mode until G20 is programmed.

j. G92: Work Coordinate System (Position Preset)

This code sets the position registers to the values specified by X, Y & Z codes programmed
in the same block. Position preset occurs only for the axes programmed and will not cause
axis motion. No other G codes are accepted with this code.
Example: G92 X100.0 Y 50.0 ;

After executing the above block, X position will be preset to 100 mm and y position will
be preset to 50 mm.

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k. G94: Feed Rate per Minute

This code is used when the feed rate is to be programmed in mm per minute or inch per
minute. The value programmed in the F word represents the feed rate directly in mm/min
or inch/min depending on whether G20 or G21 is active. G94 will remain active until G95
is programmed.

l. G95: Feed Rate per Revolution

This code allows the feed rate to be programmed in mm per revolution or inch per
revolution. The value programmed in the F word represents the feed rate directly in mm/rev
or inch/rev depending on whether G20 or G21 is active. This mode is effective until
cancelled by G94.

1.24 SUB PROGRAM

If a program consist of a fixed sequence of frequently repeated pattern, such a

sequence of pattern can stored as a subprogram in memory to simplify the program. These

are used where repetition of a part of a program is required. They are stored at the
end of the main program and can be called any time and any number of times for execution
by simple instruction words in the main program. For calling a subprogram, word M98 is
used along with PIOIO (number of the subprogram to be called) in the main program of
the subroutine needs to be repeated, say twice, then the word P is followed by L2. The
subroutine ends with word M99 subroutines can be called J subroutine and thereby nesting
can be done use of subroutines helps in short lining the main program and also prevent
repetition of statements where the same features are required to be machined more than
once.

A subprogram can be called from main program. Three different subprogram can
be called from a subprogram. Any number of subprograms can be defined in a main
program. Subprogram cannot be defined in a other subprogram.

1.25 Format of a program:

28
0_____ (subprogram number);

M99 ; (program end).

Subprogram call
M98 P --------0 ---------;

P (Number of times subprogram is repeated)

0 (Subprogram number)
When number P is specified, the Subprogram is called just once.

1.26 SOME PROGRAMS DONE IN CLASS AND LAB

29
 150

G F

100
C

A B D E

40
50 60

G90
path X Y
A 0 0
B 50 0
C 70 35
D 90 0
E 150 0
F 150 100
G 0 100
H 0 0

G91
path X Y
A 0 0
B 50 0
C 20 35
D 20 -35
E 60 0
F 0 100
G -150 0
H 0 -100

30
 150

H G

60

75
I
F

30
J

75
C

60 A
L B D E
25
25
75 25

G90
path X Y path X Y
A 0 0 G 150 150
B 75 0 H 0 150
C 100 30 I 0 90
D 125 0 J 50 75
E 150 0 K 0 60
F 200 75 L 0 0

G91
path X Y path X Y
A 0 0 G -50 75
B 75 0 H -150 0
C -25 30 I 0 60
D 25 -30 J 50 -15
E 25 0 K -50 -15
F 50 75 L 0 -60

Semi column or end of block

x20.0 → 20mm
x20 → 20 microns

31
1.27 TOOL PATH
200

H G

150
C D

A B E F
I
50

75 75

G90

G00 x-20.0 y-20.0;

Z5.0;
G01 z-1.0 F100;
x0.0 y0.0 F300; ( O to A )
x75.0 y0.0; ( A to B )
x75.0 y50.0; ( B to C )
x125.0 y50.0; ( C to D )
x125.0 y0.0; ( D to E )
x200.0 y0.0; ( E to F )
x200.0 y150.0; ( F to G )
x0.0 y150.0; ( G to H )
x0.0 y0.0; ( H to I )
x20.0 y20.0; (I to O )
G00 z5.0

G91

G00 x-20.0 y-20.0;

Z5.0;
G01 z-6.0 F100;
x20.0 y20.0 F300; ( O to A )
x75.0 y0.0; ( A to B )
x0.0 y50.0; ( B to C )
x50.0 y0.0; ( C to D )
x0.0 y-50.0; ( D to E )
x75.0 y0.0; ( E to F )
x0.0 y150.0; ( F to G )
x-200.0 y0.0; ( G to H )
x0.0 y-150.0; ( H to I )
x-20.0 y-20.0; (I to O )
G00 z6.0

32
 20
180

15
M
N
L
O
P E

65
F

C D H
G
Q K
R

20
A B I J
30
S
20 20 30
40 60

G90

G00 x-20.0 y-20.0;

Z5.0;
G01 z-1.0 F100;
x0.0 y0.0 F300; ( O to A )
x40.0 y0.0; ( A to B )
x40.0 y30.0; ( B to C )
x60.0 y30.0; ( C to D )
x60.0 y50.0; ( D to E )
x90.0 y50.0; ( E to F )
x90.0 y30.0; ( F to G )
x110.0 y30.0; ( G to H )
x110.0 y0.0; ( H to I )
x170.0 y0.0; (I to J )
x200.0 y30.0; ( J to K )
x200.0 y85.0; ( K to L )
x180.0 y100.0; ( L to M )
x0.0 y95.0; ( Mto N )
x0.0 y60.0; ( N to O )
x20.0 y60.0; ( O to P )
x20.0 y30.0; ( P to Q )
x0.0 y30.0; ( Q to R )
x0.0 y0.0; ( R to S )
x-20.0 y-20.0; ( S to O )
G00 z5.0;

33
G91

G00 x-20.0 y-20.0;

Z5.0;
G01 z-1.0 F100;
x0.0 y0.0 F300; ( O to A )
x40.0 y0.0; ( A to B )
x0.0 y30.0; ( B to C )
x20.0 y0.0; ( C to D )
x0.0 y20.0; ( D to E )
x30.0 y0.0; ( E to F )
x0.0 y-20.0; ( F to G )
x20.0 y0.0; ( G to H )
x0.0 y-30.0; ( H to I )
x60.0 y0.0; (I to J )
x30.0 y30.0; ( J to K )
x0.0 y55.0; ( K to L )
x-20.0 y15.0; ( L to M )
x-180.0 y-5.0; ( Mto N )
x0.0 y-35.0; ( N to O )
x20.0 y0.0; ( O to P )
x0.0 y-30.0; ( P to Q )
x-20.0 y0.0; ( Q to R )
x-20.0 y-30.0; ( R to S )
x0.0 y-10.0; ( S to O )
G00 z5.0;

1.28 MAIN FUNCTIONS AND ADRESSES

Programme number →O → 0 to 9999

Block number →N → 1 to 9999
G-codes (preparatory commands) →G → Ex:- Rapid, linear arc etc
M-codes (mixed commands) →M → Ex:- Spindle rotation CW,
CCW
Tool →T → Ex:- T01, T02
Speed →S → Ex:- S1000→1000 rpm
Feed →F → Ex:-mm/minute- F100
Mm/revolution-F0.1
Dimensional commands → x(I), y(J), z(K) → R
Dwell time → X,P → Ex:- G04 X 3 → 3 sec
G04P3000 → 3 sec
Cutter radius compensation (CRC) → D → Ex:- G41, D21
Tool height compensation →H → Ex:- G43 z50.0 H01
Number of repeatations →P → Ex:- M98P0102122
Pecking Depth →Q → Ex:- G83 z-10.0 Q5000

34
1.29 DEFINITIONS OF G02 AND G03

The tool moves along the straight line to the specified position at the programmed
feed rate.

G02 : Circular interpolation clockwise

G03 : Circular interpolations counter clockwise

Circular interpolation in which the curvature of the path of the tool with respect to the work
piece is clockwise/counter clockwise when the plane of motion is viewed in the negative
direction of the axis perpendicular to it.
The starting point of the circle/arc is determined by the previous block. The end
point is fixed by the respective axes, values programmed in the block. The circle center is
determined by I, J & K vectors, which specify the incremental (signed) distance of the
circle center point from the circle starting point. I is the incremental (signed) distance
parallel to the X axis and J is the incremental (signed) distance parallel to the y axis and K
is the incremental (signed) distance parallel to z axis. ,These will remain unchanged
irrespective of whether the program is in. absolute or incremental mode. G02 and G03 are
effective until cancelled by GOO or G01.

Circular interpolation of any two axes at a time is possible.

G02 G03

G02- x_y_z_I_J_K_R_
G03- x_y_z_I_J_K_R_

I : Incremental vector @ X-axis

J : Incremental vector @ Y-axis
K : Incremental vector @ Z-axis

35
 These are the paraxial coordinates of the distance vector from the starting position
to the center point of the circle/arc.

The values of the I, J & K must always be entered as incremental position data
irrespective of whether the values of X, Y & Z are entered in absolute or incremental
coordinates. The sign depends on the direction of the coordinates from the starting position
to the center point of the circle.

A B C D

75 50 75

A to D
G90
G01 x75.0 y0.0 F300; (A to B)
G02 x125.0 y0.0 I25.0 J0.0; (B to C)
Or
G02 x125.0 y0.0 R25.0; (B to C)
G01 x200.0 y0.0; (C to D)

D to A
G90
G01 x125.0 y0.0 F300; (D to C)
G03 x75.0 y0.0 I-25.0 J0.0; (C to B)
Or
G03 x75.0 y0.0 R-25.0; (C to B)
G01 x0.0 y0.0; (B to A)

36
 D

35
C

40
B

50
A
A to D
G90
G01 x0.0 y50.0 F300; (A to B)
G02 x0.0 y90.0 I0.0 J20.0; (B to C)
Or
G02 x0.0 y90.0 R20.0; (B to C)
G01 x0.0 y125.0; (C to D)

D to A
G90
G01 x0.0 y90.0 F300; (D to C)
G03 x0.0 y50.0 I0.0 J20.0; (C to B)
Or
G03 x0.0 y50.0 R20.0; (C to B)
G01 x0.0 y0.0; (B to A)

37
 G F

130
E
A D
B C
H
20
60 50 70 `

G90

G00 x-20.0 y20.0;

z5.0;
G01 z-1.0 F100;
x0.0 y0.0 F300; (O to A)
x60.0; (A to B)
G02 x110. y0.0 I25.0 J0.0; (B to C)
Or
G02 x110. y0.0 R25.0; (B to C)
G01 x180.0; (C to D)
G03 x200.0 y20.0 I0.0 J20.0; (D to E)
Or
G03 x200.0 y20.0 R20.0; (D to E)
G01 x200.0 y150.0; (E to F)
x0.0 y150.0; (F to G)
x0.0 y0.0; (G to H)
x-20.0 y-20.0; (H to O)
G00 z5.0

38
1.30 DIAGRAM SHOWING TOOL AND FEED MOVEMENT CNC

Position

Absolute Relative Machine

x0.000 x0.000 x0.000
y0.000 y0.000 y0.000
z0.000 z0.000 z0.000

39
1.31 G54 to G59-OFFSET:-

x -400.0
(0,0,0) Machine zero

y -325.5 z -225.62

(0,0,0) Job zero

The difference between machine zero to job zero is called offset.

G54 to G59 - OFFset numbers

G54 x -400.0 G57 x
y -325.5 y
z -225.62 z

G55 x G58 x
y y
z z

G56 x G59 x
y y
z z

G90 G00 G54 x0.0 y0.0 z0.0

G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0

Absolute Machine
x -20.0 x -420.0
y -20.0 y -345.5
z -10.0 z -215.62

G54 z10.0

1.32 G28 – Automatic reference return

The reference position is a fixed position on a machine tool to which the tool can easily be
moved by the reference position function. For example, the reference position is used as a
position at which tools are automatically changed.

40
G28 G91 z0.0;
Tool retracts to the reference in z axis in rapid.

G00 G28 G91 z0.0;

Tool retracts to the reference in x axis in rapid.

G00 G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;

Tool retracts to the reference in x and y axis in rapid.

G00 G28 G90 z0.0;

Tool retracts to the reference in z axis through intermediate point of absolute z zero.
Therefore it collides with an accident.

1.33 PROGRAMME FORMAT

1. Programme number → 0-9999
2. Block number → N1;
3. Rapid positioning cansilation codes → G00 G40 G80 G49;
4. Tool retracts to the reference in z axis → G28 G91 z0.0;
5. Tool retracts to the reference in x and axis → G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
6. Selection of tool number → M06T01;
7. Absolute mode and positioning with zero offset no’s → G90 G54 x-20.0 y-20.0;
8. Position of z axis with offset number → G54 z50.0;
9. Spindle/tool rotation → M03S1000;
10. Position z axis → G00z5.0;
11. Depth of cut → G01 z-1.0 F100;
12. Profile/roughing/cycles → programme according to
operation
13. Lifting tool in z axis → G00 z50.0;
14. Spindle rotation stop →M05;
15. Coolant motor OFF →M09;
16. Tool retracts to the reference in z axis →G28 G91 Z0.0;
17. Tool retracts to the reference in x and y axis →G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
18. Programme end without rewind →M30;

41
1.34 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAMS, WITH SUB- PROGRAMS AND
FORMATS

H G

25
F

100
E

A B C D
I

40 60 75 25

ABSOLUTE (G90)

O4002;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0 ;
M08;
G01 z -1.0 F100 ;
x0.0 y0.0 F100;
x 40.0;
G02 x100.0 y0.0 I30.0 J0.0;
G01 x175.0;
x200.0 y25.0;
y125.0;
G02 x175.0 y150.0 I0.0 J25.0;
Or
G02 x175.0 y150.0 R25.0;
G01 x0.0;
y0.0;
x -20.0 y -20.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;

42
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30

INCREMENTAL (G91)

O4002;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M06T02;
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0 ;
M08;
G01 z -6.0 F100;
x20.0 y20.0 F300;
x40.0;
G02 x60.0 y0.0 R30.0;
G01 x75.0;
x25.0 y25.0;
y100.0;
G02 x -25.0 y25.0 R25.0;
G01 x -175.0;
y -150.0;
x-20.0 y -20.0;
G90; (Change to Absolute)
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

43
 55 55
30
I

L K J

25
H

50
D G
C

75
B E
M A F

40
50 50

ABSOLUTE (G90)
O0002;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0 ;
M08;
G01 z -1.0 F100 ;
x0.0 y0.0 F300;
x50.0;
x50.0 y60.0;
G02 x50.0 y60.0 I20.0 J0.0;
G01 x90.0 y0.0;
x140.0;
y75.0;
G02 x140.0 y125.0 I0.0 J25.0;
Or
G02 x140.0 y125.0 R25.0;
G01 y150.0;
x85.0 y150.0;
G02 x55.0 y150.0 I15.0 J0.0;
Or
G02 x55.0 y150.0 R15.0;
G01 x0.0 y150.0;
y0.0;
x -20.0 y -20.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30

44
 75 50 75

I H G F

80
E

20
A B C D
J

60 40 75 25

ABSOLUTE (G90)
O2004;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0 ;
M08;
G01 z -1.0 F100 ;
x0.0 y0.0 F300;
x60.0 y0.0;
G02 x100.0 y0.0 R20.0;
Or
G02 x100.0 y0.0 I20.0 J0.0;
G01 x175.0 y0.0;
G01 x200.0 y100.0;
y100.0;
x125.0;
G02 x75.0 y100.0 I25.0 J0.0;
Or
G02 x75.0 y100.0 R25.0;
G01 x0.0 y100.0;
y0.0;
x -20.0 y -20.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

45
INCREMENTAL (G91)

O2005;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0 ;
M08;
G01 z -1.0 F100 ;
x0.0 y0.0 F300;
x60.0 y0.0;
G02 x40.0 y0.0 R20.0;
Or
G02 x40.0 y0.0 I20.0 J0.0;
G01 x75.0 y0.0;
x25.0 y20.0;
x0.0 y80.0;
x -75.0 y0.0;
G02 x -50.0 y0.0 R25.0;
Or
G02 x -50.0 y0.0 I25.0 J0.0;
G01 x -75.0 y0.0;
x0.0 y -100.0;
x -20.0 y -20.0
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

x + 10 = 0

x=0

x - 10 =0 y + 10 = 0

y=0
X
y - 10 =0

CENTER LINE ORIGIN

46
 100
20 40 20 40 20 40
40 20 40

ABSOLUTE (G90)

O2001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm end mill)
G90 G54 x50.0 y -20.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -2.0 F100; (Depth)
y120.0 F300;
x110.0;
y -20.0;
x170.0;
y120.0;
x230.0;
y -20.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

47
 100

30
20
30
20
30
20
30
20
30
ABSOLUTE (G90)

O2004;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm end mill)
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -2.0 F100; (Depth)
x120.0 F300;
y90.0;
x -20.0;
y140.0;
x120.0;
y190.0;
x -20.0;
G00 z50.0
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

48
 100
10 50 10 50 10 50
50 10 50

ABSOLUTE (G90)

O4002;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm end mill)
G90 G54 x55.0 y -10.0;
G54 z40.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -2.0 F100; (Depth)
y120.0 F300;
x115.0;
y -10.0;
x175.0;
y120.0;
x235.0;
y -10.0;
G00 z50.0
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

49
M98 – Sub-programme call

M99 – Sub-programme end

M98 P010 4122

Where
M98 – Sub-programme call
P010 – Number of repeatataions
4122 – Sub-programme number

1.34.1 Depth of cut

Starting point and ending point should be same or equal.

150

50 10 50 10 50

Main programme

O2241;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm end mill)
G54 z50.0;
G90 G54 x50.0 y -20.0;
M03 S1000;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P010 2262; (Sub programme)
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

50
Sub Programme

O2242;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F100;
y 190.0 F300;
x110.0;
y -190.0;
x -60.0;
M99;

-X
+x

30
35

10

-Y

Main programme

O2247;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 5mm end mill )
G54 z50.0;
G90 G54 x -32.5 y0.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P020 2248; (Sub programme)
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

51
Sub Programme

O2248;
G91 G01 z -10.5 F10;
G90 G02 I32.5 F200;
M99;

+Y

-X
+x

25 20

-Y

Main programme

O2249;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 5mm end mill )
G90 G54 x -22.5 y0.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
M98 P020 2250; (Sub programme)
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

Sub Programme

52
O2250;
G91 G01 z -10.5 F10;
G90 G02 I22.5 F100;
M99;

1.34.2 MACHINE SYSTEMS

• Conventional systems (Manual machine)

• Non-Conventional systems (Numerical control)
• Computer numerical control machine (CNC)
• Direct numerical control machine (DNC)

1.34.3 PART PROGRAMME GENERATING METHODS

1. Manual part programming – The part programme generated manually
2. Computer Aided Part programme (CAPP) - The part programme
generated manually and partly by the computer

1.34.4 PART PROGRAMME

The numerical coded arrangement for part manufacturing is called part programme.
100

-X
+x

-Y
20

100

O0001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;

53
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x – 40.0 y0.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S2000;
G00 z3.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P010 0002; (Sub programme)
G90 G00 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;

Sub programme
O0002;
G91 G01 z – 1.0 F10;
G90 G01 y40.0 F500;
x40.0;
y -40.0;
x -40.0;
y0.0;
M99;

1.35 FACE MILLING

54
 200
200 40

O0003;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x -10.0 y-10.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S3000;
G00 z50.0;
M08;
G90 G01 z -1.0 F50;
G01 y210.0;
x30.0;
y -10.0;
x50.0;
y210.0;
x70.0;
y -10.0;
x90.0;
y210.0;
x110.0;
y -10.0;
x130.0;
y210.0;
x150.0;
y -10.0;
x170.0;
y210.0;
x190.0;
y -10.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;

55
 M30;

1.36 CANNED CYCLES

G80 – Cansilation of canned cycles

G81 – Drilling cycle
G82 – Drilling with dwell
G83 – Peck drilling G73 – High speed drilling
G84 – Tapping (Right hand side) G74 – Tapping (Left hand side)
G86 – Boring (Rapid) G76 – Fine Boring

1.37 DEFINITIONS OF CANNED CYCLES

a. G80: Cancellation of any Canned Cycle

All canned cycles are to be cancelled to perform normal operation.

b. G81: Drilling Cycle

This cycle is used for normal drilling. Cutting feed is performed to the bottom of the hole.
The tool is then retracted from the bottom of the hole in rapid traverse.

Format: 081 G98/99ZRFK

Z= Depth of Hole
R= Distance from Surface to Point R Level F= Feed
K= Number of Repeats

From initial position, rapid traverse is performed to point R. Drilling is performed

from point R to point Z. The tool is then retracted in rapid traverse.

c. G82: Drilling Cycle with Dwell / Counter Boring Cycle

56
This cycle is used for normal drilling. Cutting feed performed to the bottom of the hole.
At the bottom, a dwell is performed, and then the tool is retracted in rapid traverse.

Format: G82 G98/99 Z R P FK

Z = Depth of Hole
R = Distance from Surface to Point R Level P= Dwell Time
F = Feed
K = Number of Repeats

From initial position, rapid traverse is performed to point R. Drilling is then performed
from point R to point Z. When the bottom of the hole has been reached a dwell is
performed. The tool is then retracted in rapid traverse:

d. G83: Peck Drilling Cycle

It performs intermittent cutting feed to the bottom of a hole while removing chips from the,
hole.

Format: G83 G98/99 Z R Q F K

Z = Hole depth
R = Distance from surface to point R level
Q = Depth of cut for each cutting feed (Pecking depth)
F = Feed
K = Number of repeats

57
Q represents the depth of cut for each cutting feed. It must always be specified as an
incremental value.

In the second and subsequent cutting feeds, rapid traverse is performed up to a point just
before where the last drilling ended and cutting feed is performed again.

e. G84: Tapping Cycle (Right hand side)

In this cycle, when the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle is rotated in
the reverse direction.

Format: G84 G98/99 Z R P F K

Z = Hole depth .
R = Distance from surface to point R level
P = Dwell time
F = Feed
K = Number of repeats

58
Tapping is performed by rotating the spindle clockwise. When the bottom of the hole has
been reached, the spindle is rotated counter clockwise for retraction.
Feed rate overrides are ignored during the cycle. Feed hold does not stop the machine until
the return operation is completed.

f. G85: Boring Cycle

Format: G85 G98/99 Z R F K

Z = Depth of hole
R = Distance from surface to point R level
F = Feed
K = Number of repeats

From initial position, rapid traverse is performed to point R. Boring is performed from
point R to point Z. When point Z has been reached, cutting feed is performed to return to
point R.

g. G86: Boring Cycle

Format : G86 G98/99 Z R F K

Z = Hole depth
R = Distance from surface to point R level
F = Feed
K = Number of repeats

From initial point, rapid traverse is performed to point R. Boring is performed from point R to point
Z. When the tool reaches the bottom of the hole, the tool is retracted in rapid traverse.

h. G73: High Speed Peck Drilling Cycle

It performs intermittent cutting feed to the bottom of a hole while removing chips from the
hole.
Format: G73 G98/99 Z R Q F K

Z = Depth of hole
R = Distance from job surface to point R level Q = Depth of cut for each cutting feed
(Pecking depth)
F - Feed
K - Number of repeats

59
The High Speed Peck Drilling Cycle performs intermittent feeding along the Z-axis. When
this cycle is used, chips can be removed from the hole easily.

i. G74: Tapping Cycle (Leftt hand side)

In this cycle, when the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle is rotated in
the reverse direction.

Format: G74 G98/99 Z R P F K

Z = Hole depth .
R = Distance from surface to point R level
P = Dwell time
F = Feed
K = Number of repeats

Tapping is performed by rotating the spindle counter clockwise. When the bottom of the
hole has been reached, the spindle is rotated clockwise for retraction.
Feed hold does not stop the machine until the return operation is complete.

60
j. G76: Fine Boring Cycle

This cycle bores a hole precisely. When the bottom of the hole has been reached,
the spindle stops and the tool is moved away from the machined surface of the work piece
and retracted.

Format: G76 G78/99 Z R Q P F K

Z = Depth of hole
R = Distance from surface to pointer level
Q = Shift amount at the bottom of the hole
P = Dwell time at the bottom of hole
F = Feed
K = Number of repeats

When the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle is stopped at the fixed
rotation position, and the tool is moved in the direction opposite to the tool tip and retracted.
This ensures that the machined surface is not damaged and enables precise and efficient
boring to be performed.

61
1.38 GROOVING

30
20
30

30
20
30
20
30
100 40

O0003;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T04;
G90 G54 x -10.0 y40.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S2000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G90 G01 z -3.0 F50;
x130.0;
y90.0;
x -10.0;
y140.0;
x130.0;
G00 z60.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

1.38.1 GROOVING WITH SUB - PROGRAM

62
 30
20
30

30
20
30
20
30
130 40

O0004;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T03;
G90 G54 x -10.0 y40.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S2000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z 0.0 F100;
M98 P O0005;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G90 z0.0;
M30;

O0005; (Sub programme)

G91 G01 z -1.0 F50;
G90 G01 x160.0 F500;
y90.0;
x -10.0;
y140.0;
x190.0;
x -10.0;
y40.0;
M99;

1.39 DRILLING

63
 30
30
30
30
30
30
20 20 20 20 20 20

ABSOLUTE

O0006;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T06;
G90 G54 x 20.0 y30.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S800;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z -6.0 F100;
x40.0;
x60.0;
x80.0;
x100.0;
y60.0;
x80.0;
x60.0;
x40.0;
x20.0;
y90.0;
x40.0;
x60.0;
x80.0;
x100.0;
y120.0;
x80.0;
x60.0;

64
x40.0;
x20.0;
y150.0;
x40.0;
x60.0;
x80.0;
x100.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

INCREMENTAL

O0006;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T06;
G90 G54 x 20.0 y30.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S800;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z -6.0 F100;
G91 x20.0 K4;
y30.0 K1;
x -20.0 K4;
y30.0 K1;
x20.0 K4;
y30.0 K1;
x -20.0 K4;
y30.0 K1;
x20.0 K4;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

65
 80
2 4

85
1 3

45
40 50 35 45 40

ABSOLUTE

O0006;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T06;
G90 G54 x 40.0 y45.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S800;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G80 z -6.0 F100;
G90 x90.0 y130.0;
x125.0 y45.0;
x170.0 y130.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

G43: Tool height compensation

66
 This function compensates for the difference in tool length along the z-axis. When
G43 is specified, the tool length offset value (stored in offset memory) specified with the
H code is added to the coordinates of the end

position specified by a command in the program.

G49: Tool height compensation cancel

After G49 is specified the system immediately cancels the offset mode.

Offset

Geometric offset Wear offset Work co-ordinate

1.40 OFFSET
Difference between Machine zero to Job zero of x and y values to be extended number
zero offset addressed number.

Difference between Machine zero to Job zero of z axis

value to be extended in geometric offset page in addressed number.

Example – G43 z0.0 H01

NOTE –
While using G43 code z offset value to be extended zero in zero offset (selected number).

Example – G54 x -418.20

x -322.25
z0.000

--------------- indicates rapid movement.

————— indicates feed movement.

1.41 Retraction

67
It means coming back or reverse motion.

RETRACTION

Normal position to
the Retraction G98- Retraction of tool to G91-Retraction of the tool
the position to the R level

+5 +5 +5
position +2 position +2 position
0 (R level) 0 (R level)
0

-20 -20 -20

G00 z5.0; G00 z5.0; G00 z5.0;

G81 z -20.0 F100; G81 G98 z -20.0 R2.0; G81 G99 z -20.0 R2.0 F100;
G80

1.42 MULTI-OPERATION IN SINGLE JOB

40

M8 12mm
Depth
60
40

(0,0,0)

12
75 50 75

Tap Drill (mm)

M5 4.1
M6 5
M8 6.8
M10 8.5
M12 10.0
M14 12

NOTE
Feed in mm/min to be converted into the mm/rev for tapping. It is the relation between
Feed and speed.

68
Feed= Speed x pitch

Example – M8

S.No Operation Block no Height Tool no

offset no
1. Centre drill N1 H01 T01
2. Pilot drill Ø 5mm drill N2 H02 T02
3. Drill for tap Ø 68mm N3 H03 T03
4. Chamfering tool N4 H04 T04
5. M8 tap N5 H05 T05

O2001;
N1; (Centre drill)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x75.0 y40.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1500;
G00 z5.0;
G81 z -2.0 F20;
x125.0;
y100.0;
x75.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

N2; (pilot drill Ø 5mm drill)

G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T02;
G90 G54 x75.0 y40.0;
G43 z50.0 H02;
M03 S900;
G00 z5.0;
G81 G99 z -12.0 R2.0 F100;
x125.0;
y100.0;
x75.0;
G80;

69
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

N3; (Drill for tap Ø 68mm)

G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T03;
G90 G54 x75.0 y40.0;
G43 z50.0 H03;
M03 S800;
G00 z5.0;
G81 G99 z -12.0 R2.0 F100;
x125.0;
y100.0;
x75.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

N4; (Chamfering tool)

G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T04;
G90 G54 x75.0 y40.0;
G43 z50.0 H04;
M03 S700;
G00 z5.0;
G82 G99 z -5.0 R2.0 F100;
x125.0;
y100.0;
x75.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

70
N5; (M8 tap)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T05;
G90 G54 x75.0 y40.0;
G43 z50.0 H05;
M03 S1100;
G00 z5.0;
G84 G99 z -12.0 R2.0 F125;
x125.0;
y100.0;
x75.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M30;

j. G84 TAPPING CYCLE (Right hand side)

G84 G98/G99 z -20.0 R5.0 F_

If the feed rate is in mm/min, that to be converted into mm/revolution.
Then F= Speed x Pitch
= 100 x 1.75

Example :- M12 x 1.75mm pitch = 175 at a speed of 100rpm

k. G74 TAPPING CYCLE (Left hand side)

G74 G98/G99 z -20.0 R5.0 F_

Cycles Clock wise Counter Clock wise

G84(RHS) Screwed Unscrewed
G74(LHS) Unscrewed Screwed

1.43 ABOUT CRC AND THEIR CYCLES

G 40: Cancellation of Cutter Radius Compensation

G 41: Cutter Radius Compensation to the Left of the Tool Path

71
G 42: Cutter Radius Compensation to the Right of the Tool Path

When CRC is selected the control reads in two further blocks in advance during processing
of the current block and calculates the intersection point of the compensated paths.
The compensation mode is selected with G41/G42 and offset number D. The D
value has to be programmed in the same block as G41/G42.

The compensation mode is selected in the program block with GOO or GO I or in

the block previous to a linear interpolation (GOO/GO I) block.

Circular interpolation is not permitted as the first movement block on selection of

CRC (G41/G42).

Offset number DO is assigned the compensation value O. The CRC is active in the
selected plane. The radius compensation value has to be programmed in geometric offset
page.

Corresponding D value has to be programmed in the program either in the same

block where G41/G42 is programmed or earlier to it.

Different plane selection or positions preset etc are not allowed after G41/G42 is
active. G90 or G91, G20 or G21 etc should be programmed before G41/G42 is active.

72
G41/G42 activation should not follow a circular interpolation block.
A linear interpolation block has to be programmed along the diameter of the circle.

If the inside profiles contain a line segment and a circle segment cutter CRC value
should be less than the radius of the circle segment.

The CRC value should not be equal to the radius of any arc programmed in the path
while machining an outside profile.

CRC value larger than the smallest linear program motion or larger than the
smallest radius of the circle programmed is not allowed.

1.44 CONDITION TO BE FOLLOWED WHILE USING CRC:-

1. Cutter radius value to be entered in Geometric offset page at addressed number.

Example:- G41 D21

73
 2. After activation of CRC, the next two blocks to be maintained perpendicularly

Example:- G41 D21 G41

G01 x100.0 F300; or G01 y50.0 F300;
y50.0; x100.0;

3. While cancellation before and after blocks to be maintained perpendicularity.

Example:- G01 x100.0 F300 G01 y50.0 F300

G40 or G40
y50.0; x100.0

4. Always the cutter radius value shoud be less than programmed radius.

Example:- Cutter should be < R10

5. Always the work should be start away from Job zero point.

Example:- (0,0,0)

1.45 CRC PROGRAMS AND SUB-PROGRAMS

74
 200

F E

150
A B
C D

140 40 20

BY USING G41

O2008;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm End mill)
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -1.0 F100;
G41 D21;
G01 x0.0 F300;
y150.0;
x200.0;
y0.0;
x180.0;
G03 x140.0 y0.0 R20.0;
G01 x -20.0;
G40;
y -20.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

75
BY USING G42

O2009;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm End mill)
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G43 z50.0 H02;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -1.0 F100;
G42 D21;
G01 x0.0 F300;
y0.0;
x140.0;
G02 x180.0 y0.0 R20.0;
G01 x200.0;
y 150.0;
x0.0;
y -20.0;
G40;
x -20.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

76
 25
100
25
70 30 60 20

O3001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 15mm End mill)
G90 G54 x -20.0 y -20.0;
G43 z50.0 H02;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -1.0 F100;
G42 D30;
G01 x0.0 F300;
y0.0;
x70.0;
G02 x100.0 y0.0 R15.0;
G01 x160.0;
x180.0 y25.0;
y25.0;
x160.0 y150.0;
x100.0;
G02 x70.0 y150.0 R15.0;
y -20.0;
G40;
x -20.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30
1.45.1 CUTTER RADIUS COMPENSATION – COUNTER CLOCKWISE
EXTERNAL

77
 R20
150

200

O0011;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T11;
G90 G54 x -120.0 y0.0;
G54 z30.0;
M03 S3000;
G00 z5.0;
G00 z3.0;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P010 0012;
G90 G00 z70.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M30;

O0012;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F100;
G90 G42 G01 x100.0 D21 F500;
y55.0;
G03 x80.0 y75.0 R20.0;
G01 x -80.0;
G03 x -100.0 y55.0 R20.0;
G01 y -55.0;
G03 x -80.0 y -75.0 R20.0;
G01 x80.0;
G03 x100.0 y -55.0 R20.0;
G01 y0.0;
x120.0;
M99;
1.45.2 CUTTER RADIUS COMPENSATION –CLOCKWISE INTERNAL

78
 R20
150

200

O0013;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T11;
G90 G54 x 0.0 y0.0;
G54 z30.0;
M03 S3000;
G00 z3.0;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P010 0014;
G90 G00 z90.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M30;

O0014;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F100;
G90 G42 G01 x -100.0 D20 F600;
y55.0;
G02 x -80.0 y75.0 R20.0;
G01 y -55.0;
G02 x80.0 y -75.0 R20.0;
G01 x -80.0;
G02 x -100.0 y -55.0 R20.0;
G01 y0.0;
G01 x0.0;
M99;

79
 R 25

(-100,25) (100,25 )

100

50
(-100,-25) 100,-25

20

200

300

WITHOUT SUB-PROGRAM
O4001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm End mill)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -2.0 F300;
G42 D121;
G01 y25.0 F300;
x100.0;
G02 x100.0 y -25.0 I0.0 J25.0;
Or
G02 x100.0 y -25.0 R25.0;
G01 x -100.0;
G02 x -100.0 y25.0 I0.0 J25.0;
Or
G02 x -100.0 y25.0 R25.0;
G01 x0.0;
G40;
y0.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

80
 R 25

(-100,25) (100,25 )

100

50
(-100,-25) 100,-25

20

200

300

WITH SUB-PROGRAM

O4002;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm End mill)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F300;
M98 P010 4003;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O4003;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F20;
G90 G42 d121;
G01 y25.0 F300;
x100.0;
G02 x100.0 y -25.0 R25.0;
G01 x -100.0;
G02 x -100.0 y25.0 R25.0;
G01 x0.0;
G40;
Y0.0;
M99;

81
 100

40

R 20
(20,125)
(-20,125)
300

250

(-20,-125)

(20,-125)
O0013;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm End mill)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 x0.0 y0.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F300;
M98 P010 0014;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;
O0014;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F20;
G90 G42 d123;
G01 x -20.0 F200;
y125.0;
G02 x20.0 y125.0 I20.0 J0.0;
Or
G02 x20.0 y125.0 R20.0;
G01 y -125.0;
G02 x -20.0 y125.0 I20.0 J0.0;
Or
G02 x -20.0 y125.0 R20.0;
G01 y0.0;
G40;
y0.0;
M99;

82
 R35 5

R30

100
240

350 15

O4081;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm End mill)
G90 G54 x0.0 y -32.5.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S2000;
G00 z3.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P010 4082;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O4082;
G91 G01 z0.5 F20;
G90 G01 x -120.0 F300;
G02 x -120.0 y32.5 R32.5;
G01 x120.0;
G02 x120.0 y -32.5 R32.5;
G01 x0.0;
M99;

1.45.3 CIRCULAR POCKET MILING

83
 3

100
10

150

O4008;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -2.0 F10;
G42 G01 x -20.0 D21 F20.0;
G02 I30.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -40.0 D21 F200;
G02 I40.0;
G40 G01 x-30.0;
G42 G01 x -50.0 D21 F300;
G02 I50.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F500;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

84
 3

96
10

150

O1234;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 16mm)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z -2.0 F10;
G42 G01 x -16.0 D21 F20.0;
G02 I24.0;
G40 G01 x -8.0;
G42 G01 x -32.0 D21 F20.0;
G02 I32.0;
G40 G01 x -24.0;
G42 G01 x -48.0 D21 F20.0;
G02 I48.0;
G40 G01 x -40.0 F50.0;
G42 G01 x -50.0 D21 F300;
G02 z50.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F500;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

85
 DIA 100

10 10 10
DIA 80
DIA 60

O4061;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 20mm)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z5.0 F100;
M98 P010 4062;
M98 P010 4063;
M98 P010 4064;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O4062;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x -20.0 D21 F300;
G02 I20.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -40.0 D21 F300;
G02 I40.0;
G40 G01 x -30.0;

86
G42 G01 x -50.0 D21 F300;
G02 I50.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

O4063;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x -20.0 D21 F300;
G02 I20.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -40.0 D21 F300;
G02 I40.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

O4064;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x -20.0 D21 F300;
G02 I20.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -30.0 D21 F300;
G02 I30.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

87
 DIA 100

10 10 10
DIA 80
DIA 60

O1248;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 16mm)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z5.0 F100;
M98 P010 1249;
M98 P010 1250;
M98 P010 1251;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O1249;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x -16.0 D22 F300;
G02 I16.0;
G40 G01 x -8.0;
G42 G01 x -32.0 D22 F300;
G02 I32.0;
G40 G01 x -24.0;
G42 G01 x -48.0 D22 F300;
G02 I48.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;

88
M99;

O1250;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x -16.0 D22 F300;
G02 I16.0;
G40 G01 x -8.0;
G42 G01 x -32.0 D22 F300;
G02 I32.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

O1251;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x -16.0 D22 F300;
G02 I16.0;
G40 G01 x -8.0;
G42 G01 x -24.0 D22 F300;
G02 I24.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

1.46 OPERATING MODES

• HOMING /REFERENCE/ZERO or MACHINE REFERENCE

Taking all the axis (x,y,z) to extreme end in the positive direction then the value
becomes zero.

Position

Absolute Relative Machine Zero

• EDIT
To enter the program, alter, insert, delete, cancel, copy, mass merge, change,
background edit.(If tone operation is going by the BGE we can make other
programme). Receive data from PC and sending data to PC.

• JOG

89
 Movement of tool in feed by selection of axis (x,y,z) and direction (+/-). This makes
feed can be increased or decreased.

X Y

Z
- +

• RAPID
Movement of tool by selection of axis (x,y,z) and direction (+/-) and also in the steps
of
25% 50% 75% 100%

Example:- 2.5m/min 5m/min 7.5m/min 10m/min

25
50
X Y

75
- +
100

1.47 MANUAL MOVEMENTS

• MANUAL PULSE GENERATOR (MPG) / HANDLE

Movement text by selection of axis (x,y,z) and direction and also in the steps of
X1 X10 X100
↓ ↓ ↓
0.001 0.010 0.100
1mm = 1000 microns
0.1mm = 100 microns
0.01mm = 10 microns
0.001mm = 1 micron

• MANUAL PULSE INPUT (MDI) / INTERFACE

Single block can be executed.
Example:- M03 S1000→ input → output → spindle start rotating CW direction 1000
rpm
M0S→ input → output → spindle rotation stop.

1.48 FOR EXECUTION

90
DRY RUN
To verify the profile of the tool movement in maximum feed without holding the job or
by lifting the tool on ‘z’ axis.

SINGLE BLOCK
Programme can be executed block by block . If any mistake found can be rectified.

AUTOMATIC
After confirmation of the programme can be runned continuously without interference

GRAPH
Profile can be verified in all axis (xy, yz, zx,xyz).

OFFSET

Offset

Geometric offset Wear offset Work co-ordinate

1.49 SOME PROGRAMS

91
FACE MILLING

150
20
200

O8001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø20mm end mill)
G90 G54 x10.0 y -20.0;
G43 Z50.0 H01;
M03 S1200;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P005 8002;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O8002; (depth)
G91 G01 z -1.0 F100;
M98 P005 8003;
G90 G01 y-20.0;
x10.0;
M99;

O8003; (side pass)

G91 G01 y190.0 F300;
x20.0;
y -190.0;
x20.0;
M99;

92
 200
20
250

DIA 25mm cutter

5mm thickness to be cut

O0142;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø25mm end mill)
G90 G54 x12.5 y -20.0;
G43 Z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P005 0143;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O0143; (depth)
G91 G01 z -1.0 F100;
M98 P005 0144;
G90 G01 y-20.0;
x12.5;
M99;

O0144; (side pass)

G91 G01 y240.0 F300;
x25.0;
y240.0;
x25.0;
M99;

1.50 ABOUT POLAR

93
G15 - Polar co-ordinate cancel
G16 - Polar co-ordinate on

CCW → +ve sign to be taken.

CW → -ve sign to be taken.

DIA 160
DIA 5mm drill x 10mm depth

(56.56,56.56)

→ Trignometry
→Pythagores theorem

Sinθ = opposite/hypotenuse
Cosθ = adjacent/hypotenuse
Tanθ = opposite/ adjacent

1.51 HOW TO TAKE ANGLES USING TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

94
 80

Sinθ = opposite/hypotenuse
Sin45º = opp/80
Sin45º x 80 = opp
Opp = 56.56
Cosθ = adjacent/hypotenuse
Cos45º = adjacent/hypotenuse
Cos45º x 80 = adj
Adj = 56.56

100

0
34.36

10
50

86.86
93.96

Sinθ = opposite/hypotenuse Sinθ = opposite/hypotenuse

Sin30º = opp/100 Sin20º = opp/100
Sin30º x 100 = opp Sin20º x 100 = opp
Opp = 50 Opp = 34.302
Cosθ = adjacent/hypotenuse Cosθ = adjacent/hypotenuse
Cos30º = adjacent/100 Cos20º = adjacent/100
Cos30º x 100 = adj Cos20º x 100 = adj
Adj = 86.86 Adj = 93.96

95
 86.86
100 0
10

O4001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø 5mm drill)
G90 G54 x86.60 y50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
G81 z -20.0 f50;
X -93.96 y 34.20;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;
34.302

0
10 A

C B

AC² = AB²+BC²
BC² = AC² - AB²
BC =Root of (100)² -(34.302)²
BC = 93.969

1.52 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAMS

96
G15 - Polar co-ordinate cancel
G16 - Polar co-ordinate on

After activating G16

‘y’ co-ordinate becomes angles.
G81 x100.0 z -150.0 y0.0 F50

O4002;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø5mm drill)
G90 G54 x86.60 y50.0;
G43 z50.0;
H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
G15;
G16;
G81 x100.0 y0.0 z -150.0 F50;
y60.0;
y120.0;
y180.0;
y240.0;
y300.0;
G15 G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

97
 10mm depth

locating pin hole

201,25
M8

20
25 150 10

200

OPERATION BLOCK NO. TOOL NO. Offset NO. Tools

Face milling N1 T01 H01 Ø50mm cutter
Circular pocket milling N2 T02 H02 Ø20mm cutter
Locating points N3 T03 H03 Center drill
Pilot Drilling N4 T04 H04 Ø5mm drill
Drilling N5 T05 H05 Ø6.8mm drill
Chamfering N6 T06 H06 Chamfering tool
Tapping N7 T07 H07 M8 tap

O4001;
N1; (Face milling)
G00 G40 G80 G91;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x -35.0 y25.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1200;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z-2.0 F100;
x23.5 F300;
y75.0;
x -35.0;
y125.0;
x235.0;
y175.0;
x -35.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

98
N2; (Circular pocket milling)
G00 G40 G80 G91;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T02; (Ø20mm end drill)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H02;
M03 S1000;
G00 z0.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P010 4002;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

O4002;
G91 G01 z -1.0 F100;
G90 G42 G01 x-20.0;
D22 F100;
G02 I20.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -40.0;
D22 F200;
G02 I40.0;
G40 G01 x-30.0;
G42 G01 x -50.0;
D22 F300;
G02 I50.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F100;
M99;

N3; (Center drilling)

G00 G40 G80 G91;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T03;
G90 G54 x25.0 y25.0;
G43 z50.0 H03;
M03 S1500;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z -2.0 F50;
x 175.0;
y100.0;

99
y175.0;
x 25.0;
y100.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

N4; (Ø5mm drilling)

G00 G40 G80 G91;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T04;
G90 G54 x25.0 y25.0;
G43 z50.0 H04;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z -20.0 F50;
x 175.0;
y100.0;
y175.0;
x 25.0;
y100.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

N5; (Ø6.8mm drill)

G00 G40 G80 G91;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T05;
G90 G54 x25.0 y25.0;
G43 z50.0 H05;
M03 S800;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z -20.0 F50;
x 175.0;
y175.0;
x 25.0;
G80;

100
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

N6; (chamfering tool)

G00 G40 G80 G91;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T06;
G90 G54 x25.0 y25.0;
G43 z50.0 H06;
M03 S500;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G82 z -3.0 P400 F50;
x 175.0;
y175.0;
x 25.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M01;

N7; (M8 Tapering)

G00 G40 G80 G91;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T07;
G90 G54 x25.0 y25.0;
G43 z50.0 H07;
M03 S200;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G84 z -20.0 F250;
x 175.0;
y175.0;
x 25.0;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

101
 40
6 5

30
3 4

40
1
2

30
50 60 40 50 50

S.no Operation BLOCK NO. TOOL NO. Offset NO. Tools

canned cycle
1 G81 N1 T01 H01 Central drill
2 G83 N2 T02 H02 Ø4mm drill
3 G73 N3 T03 H03 Ø6.8mm drill
4 G82 N4 T04 H04 Chamfering
5 G84 N5 T05 H05 Tapering

ABSOLUTE (G90)

O4012;
N1; (centre drill)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 z -2.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z5.0 F100;
G90 x110.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y30.0;
x200.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y100.0;
x50.0 y100.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

102
N2; (Ø4mm Drill)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T02;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 z -2.0 H02;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G83 z5.0 F100;
G90 x110.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y30.0;
x200.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y100.0;
x50.0 y100.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N3; (Ø6.8mm Drill)

G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T03;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 z -2.0 H03;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G73 z5.0 F100;
G90 x110.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y30.0;
x200.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y100.0;
x50.0 y100.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

103
N4; (chamfering)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T04;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 z -2.0 H04;
M03 S1500;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G72 z5.0 F100;
G90 x110.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y30.0;
x200.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y100.0;
x50.0 y100.0;
G80;
G91 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N5; (tapering)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T05;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 z -2.0 H05;
M03 S800;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G84 z5.0 F100;
G90 x110.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y30.0;
x200.0 y70.0;
x150.0 y100.0;
x50.0 y100.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;

104
M30;
INCREMENTAL(G91)

O4012;
N1; (central drill)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 Z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z -2.0 F100;
G90 x60.0 y40.0;
x 40.0 y -40.0;
x50.0 y40.0;
x -50.0 y30.0;
x -100.0 y0.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N2; (Ø4mm Drill)

G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T02;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 Z50.0 H02;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G83 z -2.0 F100;
G90 x60.0 y40.0;
x 40.0 y -40.0;
x50.0 y40.0;
x -50.0 y30.0;
x -100.0 y0.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;

105
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N3; (Ø6.8mm Drill)

G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T03;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 Z50.0 H03;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G73 z-2.0 F100;
G90 x60.0 y40.0;
x 40.0 y -40.0;
x50.0 y40.0;
x -50.0 y30.0;
x -100.0 y0.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N4; (chamfering)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T04;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 Z50.0 H04;
M03 S500;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G82 z -2.0 F100;
G90 x60.0 y40.0;
x 40.0 y -40.0;
x50.0 y40.0;
x -50.0 y30.0;
x -100.0 y0.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;

106
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N5; (tapering)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T05;
G90 G54 x50.0 y30.0;
G54 Z50.0 H05;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G84 z -2.0 F100;
G90 x60.0 y40.0;
x 40.0 y -40.0;
x50.0 y40.0;
x -50.0 y30.0;
x -100.0 y0.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

107
1.53 MIRROR

(20,100) (175,100)

(200,80)

(20,20) (120,20) (170,20) (200,20)

O8001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x20.0 y20.0;
G43 Z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
M98 P001 8002;
M70 x0.0 y0.0;
M98 P001 8002;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30

O8002;
G90G00 x20.0 y20.0;
G91;
G90 G01 x120.0 F300;
G02 x170.0 y20.0 R25.0;
G01 x200.0;
y80.0;

108
x175.0 y100.0;
x20.0;
y20.0;
G00z5.0;
x0.0 y0.0;
M99;

to 0.02

(0,0)

20
Pre drilled to 84.5

O4008;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S300; (speed should be less)
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G76 z -20.0 Q2000 P400 F10;
G80;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

1.54 CONDITIONS TO BE MAINTAINED WHILE FINE BORING OPERATION

• Before execxution of G76 cycle we must activate M19 (spindle orientation).
• After spindle orientation, while fixing the tool tip should be left hand side of the
operator because as soon as the tool reaches to the ‘z’ level spindle rotation stops
and moves right hand side of the given shift amount(Q).

109
1.55 SYMBOLS REPRESENTING THE CHARACTERISTICS TO BE
TOLERATED

CHARACTERISTICS TO BE SYMBOL
TOLERATED

Straightness

Flatness

Form of single
feature Circularity

Cylindricity

Profile of any line

Profile of any surface

110
 Parallelism

Orientation of
related feature
Perpendicularity

Angularity

Position

Concentricity and
Coaxility

Position of
related features

Symmetry

Run-out

111
1.56 HOMING PROCESS
→ Select handle mode.
→ Open the position page on display.
→ Go to all values.
→ Select x-axis, take -100.0 in x-axis or above.
→ Select y-axis, take -100.0 or above.
→ Then select z-axis take-100.0 or above
→ Change the mode from handle toZRN mode.
→ Select z-axis give positive diretion with the help of self switch(SS), Select y-axis give
positive diretion with self switch(SS), Select x-axis give positive diretion with self
switch(SS).

NOTE:- don’t change the mode while running the process or position.

1.57 PROCESS FOR OPENING NEW PAGE

→ Select edit mode.
→ Enter new number with O. Eg:-O0006
→Press end of block

1.58 PROCESS FOR PROGRAM DELETE

→ Select edit mode.
→ Enter the deleting program number.
→Press delete button. Eg:-O0008

112
1.59 DIFFERENT PROGRAMS DONE IN CLASS AND LAB
FACING

150
150

Thickness reduce from 25mm to 24mm

Tool dia 18mm

O4002;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x10.0 y -9.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G90 G01 z -1.0 F50.0;
y160.0;
x24.0;
y -10.0;
x42.0;
y160.0;
x56.0;
y -10.0;
x74.0;
y160.0;
x92.0;
y -10.0;
x110.0;
y160.0;
x128.0;
y-10.0;
x146.0;
y160.0;
x162.0;
y -10.0;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91x0.0 y0.0;

113
M30;
FACING WITH SUB-PROGRAM

150
150

Dia 20mm
Each cut depth 0.5mm
Final depth 2.5mm

O0019;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x12.5 y -20.0;
G90 G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
M98 P005 0020;
G01 z0.0F100;
G90G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

O0020;
G91 G01 z -0.5 F100;
y160.0 F300;
x20.0;
y-160.0;
x20.0;
y160.0;
x20.0;
y-160.0;
x20.0;
y160.0;
x20.0;
y-160.0;
x20.0;
y160.0;
x20.0;
y-160.0;

114
x20.0;
y-160.0;
M99;

CIRCULAR GROOVING

150
150

Tool dia 10mm

Deep 1mm

O0060;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø10mm)
G90 G54 x45.0 y0.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G90 G01 z -1.0 F100;
G02 I45.0 F500;
G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

115
CIRCULAR POCKETS USING WITH CRC (G42) WITH SUB-PROGRAM

Each cut depth 0.25mm

Each pocket final depth 1mm
Tool dia 20mm

101010
DIA 60
DIA 80
DIA 100

O4001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø20mm)
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P004 4002;
M98 P004 4003;
M98 P004 4004;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O4002;
G91 G01 z -0.25 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x-20.0 D21 F300;
G02 I20.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -40.0 D21 F300;
G02 I40.0;
G40 G01 x -30.0;
G42 G01 x -50.0 D21 F300;
G02 I50.0;

116
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

O4003;
G91 G01 z -0.25 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x-20.0 D21 F300;
G02 I20.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -40.0 D21 F300;
G02 I40.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

O4003;
G91 G01 z -0.25 F10;
G90 G42 G01 x-20.0 D21 F300;
G02 I20.0;
G40 G01 x -10.0;
G42 G01 x -30.0 D21 F300;
G02 I30.0;
G40 G01 x0.0 F1000;
M99;

CIRCULAR POCKET EXTERNAL CRC (G41)

117
 5
R4

100
Each cut 0.5mm
150 Final depth 5mm
Tool dia 20mm

5 5
O6003;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01; (Ø20mm)
G90 G54 x -95.0 y0.0;
G41 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1200;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G01 z0.0 F100;
M98 P010 6004;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 y0.0;
M30;

O6004;
G91 G01 z0.5 F10;
G90 G41 G01 x -95.0 D21 F800;
G02 I95.0;
G41 G01 x -85.0 D21 F800;
G02 I85.0;
G41 G01 x -75.0 D21 F800;
G02 I75.0;
G90 G41 G01 x -65.0 D21 F800;
G02 I65.0;
G41 G01 x -55.0 D21 F800;
G02 I55.0;
G41 G01 x -45.0 D21 F800;
G02 I45.0;
M99;

118
SPOT DRILLING WITH DWELL, PECK DRILLING HIGH SPEED DRILLING
AND TAPPING

8mm x deep
M8tap holes x 4holes

40
40
80 80

S.no OPERATION BLOCK NO. TOOL NO. Height TOOLS

Offset no
1 G81 N1 T01 H01 Center drilling
2 G83 N2 T02 H02 Ø5mm drill
3 G73 N3 T03 H03 Ø6.8mm drill
4 G82 N4 T04 H04 Chamfering tool
5 G84 N5 T05 H05 M8 Tap

O4012;
N1; (center drill)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x80.0 y -40.0;
G43 z -2.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G81 z -5.0 F100;
G90 x80.0 y40.0;
x -80.0 y -40.0;
x80.0 y -40.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

119
N2; (Ø5mm Drill)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T02;
G90 G54 x80.0 y -40.0;
G43 z -2.0 H02;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G83 z -5.0 F100;
G90 x80.0 y40.0;
x -80.0 y -40.0;
x80.0 y -40.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N3; (Ø6.8mm Drill)

G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T03;
G90 G54 x80.0 y-40.0;
G43 z -2.0 H03;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G73 z -5.0 F100;
G90 x80.0 y40.0;
x -80.0 y -40.0;
x80.0 y -40.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

120
N4; (chamfering)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T04;
G90 G54 x80.0 y -40.0;
G43 z -2.0 H04;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G82 z5.0 F100;
G90 x80.0 y40.0;
x -80.0 y -40.0;
x80.0 y -40.0;
G80;
G91 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M01;

N5; (tapering)
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T05;
G90 G54 x80.0 y -40.0;
G54 z -2.0 H05;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G84 z5.0 F100;
G90 x80.0 y40.0;
x -80.0 y -40.0;
x80.0 y -40.0;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

121
BORING

100
150

ROUGH BORING (G86)

O4006;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G54 z50.0;
M03 S150;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G86 z -1.0 F10;
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

ROUGH BORING (G86)

O4006;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G54 z50.0;
M11;
M03 S150;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
G76 z -1.0 Q2000 F10;

122
G80;
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

MIRROR

60

10
20
L7 L7
L6 L6

L8

40
L5

60
R10
L8
L5

L2 L2
L4 L4
L3 L1 L1 L3

10
L3 L1 L1 L3
L4 L4
L2 L2

L5 L8 L8 L5

L6 L7 L6
L7

M70 →Mirror image x-axis ON

M71 → Mirror image y-axis ON
M72 → Mirror image x and y-axis OFF

O0001;
N1;
G00 G40 G80 G49;
G28 G91 z0.0;
M06T01;
G90 G54 x0.0 y0.0;
G43 z50.0 H01;
M03 S1000;
G00 z5.0;
M08;
M98 P001 0002;
M70 x0.0 y0.0;
M98 P001 0002;
M71 x0.0 y0.0;
M98 P001 0002;
M70 x0.0 y0.0;
M72
G90 G00 z50.0;
M05;

123
M09;
G28 G91 z0.0;
G28 G91 x0.0 y0.0;
M30;

O0002;
G91;
G01 z -1.0 F50;
G90 G00 x20.0 y0.0;
G02 x40.0 y0.0 R10.0;
G01 x60.0;
x70.0 y10.0;
y50.0;
x60.0 y60.0;
x0.0 y60.0;
x0.0 y0.0;
G00 z5.0;
M99;

124