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Computer Networks and Internet Technologies

This document provides an introduction to computer networks and internet technologies. It discusses the definition of a computer network and the differences between the internet, world wide web, distributed systems, and networks. It also covers the need for computer networks for resource sharing and data communication. Various topics related to data communication, representation, transmission modes, network criteria, connection types, physical topologies and examples of LAN, MAN, WAN, intranet, extranet and internet are defined at a high level.

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65 views

Computer Networks and Internet Technologies

This document provides an introduction to computer networks and internet technologies. It discusses the definition of a computer network and the differences between the internet, world wide web, distributed systems, and networks. It also covers the need for computer networks for resource sharing and data communication. Various topics related to data communication, representation, transmission modes, network criteria, connection types, physical topologies and examples of LAN, MAN, WAN, intranet, extranet and internet are defined at a high level.

Uploaded by

sakeena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSG - 004

Computer Networks
and
Internet Technologies
Introduction

● What is a computer network?


System of autonomous/seperate computers (called
nodes) that are interconnected by a single technology
so that they are able to exchange information.
For example, Internet – Network of Networks .
● Is WWW a network?
● Difference between Internet and WWW?
● Difference between Distributed systems and Network?
Need for Computer Networks

● Resource Sharing
● Data Communication
exchange of data between two or more devices via
some form of transmission medium.
● To be continued ....
Data Communication

Characteristics of data communication:


● Delivery
● Accuracy
● Timeliness
● Jitter
Components of data communication:
● Message
● Sender
● Receiver
● Transmission medium
● Protocols
Data Representation

Types of data:
● Text
- represented using Unicode and ASCII
● Images
- represented using Pixels (or picture elements)
● Audio
- continuous in nature
● Video
Data Transmission Modes

● Simplex
- unidirection flow
● Half-duplex
- bidirectional flow one at a time
● Full-duplex
- bidirectional flow at all times
Network Criteria

● Performance
- measured by transit time, response time
- varies with no. Of users, type of transmission medium etc.
- performance metrics: throughput and delay
● Reliability
- frequency of failures, time required to recover, robustness.
● Security
- protecting data from unauthorised access and damage.
Types of connections

● Point-to-point connection
- provides dedicated links between two devices.
- one point is the sender (transmitter), the other point is the
receiver.
- also called unicasting.
● Multipoint (multidrop) connection
- more than two devices share a link
- capacity of the link is shared either spatially or temporarily.
Physical topology
● Topology is the geometric representation of all the links and linking
devices.
● Two or more links form a topology.

Types of topologies:
● Mesh
● Star
● Bus
● Ring
● Tree
Mesh Topology

● Every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device.


● Needs n(n-1)/2 full-duplex links.
● Needs n(n-1) input/output ports
Advantages and Disadvantages

● Eliminates traffic problems ● More cabeling needed


● Robust ● Input-output ports needed
● Privacy and Security ● Installation and
reconfiguration difficult
● Fault identification and
fault isolation is easy ● Space issues
● Hardware is expensive
Star topology

● Devices are not connected directly.


● Point-to-point dedicated links to a central controller – Hub.
● Controller acts as an exchange.
Advantages and disadvantages

● Needs only one link and ● Dependent on a single


one ip/op port. point.
● Less expensive.
● Easy to install and
reconfigure
● Robust
● Easy fault identification
and fault isolation.
Bus topology

● One cable acts as a backbone to link all devices in a network.


● Consists of droplines and taps.
Advantages and disadvantages

● Ease of installation. ● Signal becomes weaker at


greated distances.
● Less cabling.
● Difficult reconnection
because of signal
reflection.
● Fault in main cable
incapacitates entire
network.
Ring topology

● Each device has a point-to-point connection with only two devices on either
side of it.
● Each device has a repeater.
Advantages and disadvantages

● Easy to install and ● One station fails, entire n/w


reconfigure. fails.
● Fault isolation is easy. ● Solution?
Tree topology

● It has a root node and other systems are connected to it in a heirarchical


manner.
● Also called star-bus network.
Advantages and disadvantages

● One star topology fails, all ● Costly


other work fine. ● If backbone fails, n/w
● More nodes can be added cannot sustain.
easily. ● Maintainance needed.
LAN – Local Area Network

● Privately owned and operated.


● Links devices in a single office/building
● Limited to few kilometers
● Designed to share resources and data.
● Use single type of transmission
● Common topologies – bus, ring, star
● Speed: 100-1000 Mbps
● Can be wired or wireless.
Wireless LAN

● Also called WLAN and WiFi.


● IEEE introduced standard 802.11
● Operates in ISM frequency band.
● Clients and access points (AP) present.
● Affected by environmental conditions.
MAN

● Stands for Metropolitan Area Network.


● Size ranges between LAN and WAN.
● Covers areas such as towns and cities.
● Speed: upto 100Mbps.
● Ownership can be public or private.
WAN – Wide Area Network
● Large distance transmission of
data over large geographic
areas such as countries and
continents.
Types of WAN:
● Switched WAN
● Point-to -point WAN
● Speed: 10-20Mbps
● Ownership is
distributed
Intranet vs Extranet vs internet

● Intranet is a private computer n/w that securely shares


and part of an organisation’s information within that
organisation.
● Extranet can be viewed as an extended intranet to users
outside the organisation via the internet.
● internet is a two or more networks that can communicate
with each other.
● Most notable internet is Internet.

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