Scribd
Upload
70 views14 pages

Design of Automotive Components

The document discusses the design of automotive components, focusing on valve design. It addresses the two main types of valves used in IC engines - poppet valves and sleeve valves. Poppet valves are more commonly used. The design of valves involves considerations for the material used based on engine speed and whether it is an inlet or exhaust valve. Parameters like valve diameter, thickness, stem diameter, and maximum lift are calculated based on formulas involving factors like port diameter, engine speed, and cylinder pressure.

Uploaded by

Sheik Mujahith Ahamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views14 pages

Design of Automotive Components

The document discusses the design of automotive components, focusing on valve design. It addresses the two main types of valves used in IC engines - poppet valves and sleeve valves. Poppet valves are more commonly used. The design of valves involves considerations for the material used based on engine speed and whether it is an inlet or exhaust valve. Parameters like valve diameter, thickness, stem diameter, and maximum lift are calculated based on formulas involving factors like port diameter, engine speed, and cylinder pressure.

Uploaded by

Sheik Mujahith Ahamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Design of Automotive Components

Valve Design
Valve Gear / CAM Gear
Mechanism
Design of Valves

●
Two types of valves are used in IC engines, viz., poppet or
mushroom valves and sleeve valves.
●
There are limited applications of sleeve valves. They are
used in very few automobile engines.
●
The poppet valves, on the other hand, are frequently used
in IC engines.
Poppet Valve
-> Avoid Sharp edges; Regrinding possible

(30 – 45 degrees)
Design of Valves
●
Slow speed engines : composite construction with a cast
iron head and steel stem
●
High Speed Engines : one piece construction is used and
valves are forged
The exhaust valves are subjected to high temperatures, as high as 1900°C to
2200°C, during the peak of explosion. The material used for making valves should
have the following characteristics:
●
It should be heat resistant.
●
It should have a good thermal conductivity.
●
It should be corrosion resistant.
●
It should have a wear resistant surface.
●
It should have shock resistance.
●
The inlet valve is subjected to comparatively less temperature than
the exhaust valve. Therefore, inlet valves are made of nickel–
chromium steel.
●
The exhaust valves are made of heat resistant silicon chromium
steel. For heavy duty engines, valves are made of chromium–
vanadium steel.
●
The valves are heat treated and surface hardness for inlet and
exhaust valves is in the range of 250 to 300 HB
Design of Valves
●
A = area of the piston
●
V = velocity of the piston
● Ap = area of the port
● Vp = velocity of gas through the port
Continuity equation
● Q = a.v = ap.vp
● Ap = a.v/vp
● Ap = (pi. Dp2/4)
● Dp – Diameter of the port
Design of Valves

Mean velocity of the piston


N The inlet ports are made 20% to
v =2 l( ) 40% larger than the exhaust
60
ports for better cylinder charging
and scavenging.
L – Length of the stroke (m)
N – Engine speed (rpm)
Type of Engine Mean velocity of gas (m/s)

Inlet valve Exhaust valve

High Speed 33–40 40–50


Engine

Medium Speed 35–45 50–60


Engine

Low speed 80–90 90–100


Engine
Diameter of Valve Head

For a seat angle of 45°, the projected width of the


valve seat is given by the following empirical
relationship:

W = (0.05 to 0.07) dp

Diameter of the valve head

Dv= dp+2w
Thickness of Valve Disk

The valve disk is assumed as a circular disk freely supported around its
periphery and subjected to a uniformly distributed load pmax.

Pmax – Maximum cylinder Pressure

pmax
Thickness of the disk t=k d p √ σb

T – Thickness of the valve disk


K – constant (k = 0.42 for steel and k = 0.54
for cast iron)
Dp - diameter of port (mm)
Pmax - maximum gas pressure (MPa or N/mm 2 )
σ - permissible bending stress (N/mm 2 )
b
The values of permissible bending stress ( σ ) are
b

as follows:
For carbon steel = 50 to 60 N/mm 2
For alloy steel = 100 to 120 N/mm 2

The margin or thickness of the valve disk at the edges is given by,
Thickness of valve disk at edges = 0.75 to 0.85t
Diameter of the Valve Stem

dp dp
d s=[
8
+6.35 ] to [
8
+11]

The valve is subjected to a spring force when seated. The spring force is assumed
as a concentrated force at the centre. In this position, the stress in the valve is
given by,

Ps 2 ds
σ t =1.4 2
[1− ]
t 3dp

Ps – Spring Force
Maximum Valve Lift

Hmax = Maximum Lift of the valve

π d p2
π p d .h max . cos ( α )=( )
4

dp
hmax =
4 cos α

When alpha = 0

dp
hmax =
4

Interference – seat angle is slightly more

You might also like