@qualcomm_tech March 2019

The case for 5G NR

spectrum
Alex Orange
Senior Director
Government Affairs, SEAP and Taiwan
 Our system-level
>$ 50B
In research and
*
inventions fuel the
development mobile industry

*Cumulative expenditures to date since 1985. Taking

significant risks to start early with an end-to-end design 2
Foundation to 5G leadership is technology leadership
Early R&D and technology inventions essential to leading ecosystem forward

Invention Proof-of-concept
Invent new technologies and Deliver end-to-end prototypes and
e2e system architecture impactful demonstrations

Vision
Identify a problem or need;
establish requirements
5G Standardization
Drive e2e design with ecosystem
and through standards process

Commercialization Trials
Engage with global network operators to Collaborate on OTA field trials that track 3GPP
deploy new features with standards- standardization and drive ecosystem towards rapid
compliant infrastructure and devices commercialization

3
5G NR is a commercial reality
in 2019

Industry-leading Interoperable End-to-end Network Interoperability Qualcomm® Commercial 5G

R&D global system and system testing and Snapdragon™ NR mmWave
standards prototypes simulations field trials X50 5G modem networks
& Snapdragon 855 and products
Mobile Platform

Qualcomm Snapdragon are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. 4
Enabler to the factory Safer, autonomous Reliable access Precision
of the future transportation to remote healthcare agriculture

Efficient use of Private networks for logistics, Sustainable smart cities Digitized logistics
energy and utilities enterprises, industrial,… and infrastructure and retail

Powering the digital economy

5G will expand the mobile
ecosystem to new industries
> $12 Trillion
In goods and services by 2035
*

5
* The 5G Economy, an independent study from IHS Markit, Penn Schoen Berland and Berkeley Research Group, commissioned by Qualcomm
5G NR pioneering advanced 5G NR technologies
To meet an extreme variation of 5G NR requirements

• Live

Mission-critical services Enhanced mobile broadband Massive Internet of Things

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) Spectrum sharing Flexible slot-based framework Enhanced power save modes
Drone communications Private Networks Scalable OFDM Massive MIMO Mobile mmWave Deeper coverage Grant-free UL
Ultra Reliable Low Latency Comms (URLLC) Dual Connectivity Advanced channel coding Narrow bandwidth Efficient signaling

10x 10x 3x 100x 100x 10x

Decrease in Experienced Spectrum Traffic Network Connection
end-to-end latency throughput efficiency capacity efficiency density
66
Based on ITU vision for IMT-2020 compared to IMT-advanced; URLLC: Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications; IAB: Integrated Access & Backhaul
Driving the 5G roadmap and ecosystem expansion

Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel -17+ evolution

Standalone (SA)
Non-Standalone (NSA)
Rel -15 Rel -16 Rel -17+
NR Commercialization Commercialization
IoDTs Field trials
eMBB deployments in both New 5G NR technologies to evolve
mmWave and sub-6 GHz. and expand the 5G ecosystem
We are here
Expanded ecosystem:
Smartphone formfactor, Private networks, Industrial IoT, Integrated Access and Backhaul,
Connected laptops, Indoor mmW for enterprises, Private network, Unlicensed/ shared spectrum,…
CPE fixed access Boundless XR,… 5G NR C-V2X, Continued eMBB evolution

Continue to evolve LTE in parallel as essential part of the 5G Platform

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023+

7
Spectrum is critical for 5G success
Using all spectrum types and bands
High bands
above 24GHz
(mmWave)

Licensed spectrum
Exclusive use
Over 40 bands globally for LTE,
remains the industry’s top priority

Shared spectrum Mid bands

New shared spectrum paradigms 1GHz to 6GHz
Ex: 2.3 GHz Europe / 3.5 GHz USA

Unlicensed spectrum
Shared use
Ex: 2.4 GHz / 5.9-7.1 GHz / 57-71 GHz global

Low bands
below 1GHz

8
We have overcome the mobile mmWave challenge
Proving the skeptics wrong who said that mmWave could never be used for mobile

Limited coverage and too costly Significant coverage with co-siting

Significant path loss means coverage limited to just a Analog beamforming w/ narrow beam width to overcome path
few hundred feet, thus requiring too many small cells loss. Comprehensive system simulations reusing existing sites.

Works only line-of-sight (LOS)1 Operating in LOS and NLOS1

Blockage from hand, body, walls, foliage, rain etc. Pioneered advanced beamforming, beam tracking leveraging
severely limits signal propagation path diversity and reflections.

Only viable for fixed use Supporting robust mobility

As proven commercial mmWave deployments are for Robustness and handoff with adaptive beam steering and
wireless backhauls and satellites switching to overcome blockage from hand, head, body, foliage.

Requiring large form factor Commercializing smartphone

mmWave is intrinsically more power hungry due to wider Announced modem, RF, and antenna products to meet
bandwidth with thermal challenges in small formfactor formfactor and thermal constraints, plus device innovations.

1 LOS: Line of sight, NLOS: Non-line-of-sight

5G NR massive
MIMO increases
coverage &
capacity
Faster, more uniform data
rates throughout cell

195 Mbps

3.8x 5G NR
Massive
MIMO

79 Mbps

52 Mbps
2.9x 5G NR
Massive
27 Mbps
4x4 MIMO MIMO
4x4 MIMO

Median Burst Rate Cell-edge Burst Rate

Assumptions: carrier frequency 4GHz; 200m ISD, 200MHz total bandwidth;
base station: 256 antenna elements (x-pol), 48dBm Tx power; UE: 4 Tx/Rx
antenna elements, 23dBm max. Tx power; full buffer traffic model, 80% indoor
and 20% outdoor UEs. 10
Global 4G LTE spectrum landscape
Over 1,000 band combinations now supported for LTE

Europe
• 450/800/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1800/2100 MHz (FDD)
U.S. / Canada • 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD)
South Korea
• 600/700/850 MHz (FDD)
China • 850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1700/1900 MHz (FDD)
• 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)
• 2300/2600 MHz (FDD/TDD) • 800/1800/2100 MHz (FDD)
• 2500 MHz (TDD) • 1900/2300/2500/2600 MHz (TDD)

Japan
• 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1500/1800/2100 MHz (FDD)
• 2500/3500 MHz (TDD)
MENA
Latin America SE Asia
• 800/1800 MHz (FDD)
• 700 MHz (FDD)
• 2300 MHz (TDD) • 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1700/1800/1900 MHz (FDD) India
• 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD) • 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)
• 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD) • 850/1800 MHz (FDD) • 2300 MHz (TDD)
• 2300 MHz (TDD)

Australia
• 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)
• 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)
• 2300 MHz (TDD)

11
 Europe China
Sub-6 and Sub-6
mmWave Japan
Sub-6 and
mmWave
North America
Sub-6 and mmWave South Korea
Sub-6 and mmWave
(mmW in 2H19)

Australia/SEA
Sub-6

5G is a commercial reality in 2019

First devices arriving in 2Q ’19 across regions 12
 <1GHz 3GHz 4GHz 5GHz 24-28GHz 37- 40GHz 64-71GHz

24.25-24.45GHz 37-37.6GHz
3.45- 3.55- 3.7- 24.75-25.25GHz 37.6-40GHz
600MHz (2x35MHz) 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 64-71GHz

26.5-27.5GHz 37-37.6GHz
600MHz (2x35MHz) 3.55-3.7 GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 37.6-40GHz 64-71GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 24.5-27.5GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.6–3.8GHz 26.5-27.5GHz

2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz

3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz

3.6–4.2GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 27-29.5GHz

3.4–3.7GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 39GHz

New 5G band
Designed for diverse spectrum bands/types Licensed
Unlicensed / shared
Global snapshot of 5G spectrum bands allocated or targeted
Existing band
13
The FCC is driving key spectrum initiatives to enable 5G
Across low-band, mid-band, and high-band including mmWave
5G Spectrum

1 GHz 6 GHz 100 GHz

Low-band Mid-band High-band (e.g. mmWave)

Low-band Mid-band High-band

Broadcast incentive auction CBRS1, 3.4-3.5 GHz FCC has allocated 12.55 GHz so far
completed in March 2017 and 3.7-4.2 GHz and auctions will occur in 2018 & 2019
• Successfully auctioned a portion of the 600 • Opening up 150 MHz in 3.5 GHz band with • In 2016, FCC allocated 10.85 GHz in multiple
MHz band that generated $19.8B in proceeds 3-tier sharing with incumbents, PAL 2, GAA3 mmWave bands4, 70% of newly opened spectrum is
after assignment phase shared or unlicensed
• FCC to improve PAL rules in 2018 for 5G
• Includes 70 MHz (2 x 35 MHz) of licensed • Unanimously approved. FCC also asked for comment
• CBRS Alliance formally launched to drive an
spectrum and 14 MHz for unlicensed use on other candidate bands identified for IMT-2020
LTE-based ecosystem
• Spectrum availability timing aligns with 5G • In Nov. 2017, FCC adopted second order allocating
• Adopted NPRM of 3.7-4.2 GHz & 5.9-7.1 GHz
24.25-24.45, 24.75-25.25 GHz, and 47.2-48.2 GHz
• In Feb. 2018, NTIA began study of repurposing 3.45-
• In Jun. 2018, FCC proposed making 25.25-27.5 and
3.55 GHz for commercial use; in Jun. 2018,
42-42.5 GHz for flexible wireless use
SPECTRUM NOW Act introduced in Congress to
ensure funding for NTIA spectrum sharing research • In Jul., 2018, FCC announced auctions of 37, 39, 47
GHz in 2H19

1 Citizen Broadband Radio Services; 2 Priority Access Licenses to be auctioned; 3 General Authorized Access; 4 FCC ruling FCC 16-89 on 7/14/2016 allocated 3.25 GHz of licensed spectrum and 7.6 GHz of shared/unlicensed spectrum. 14
 5G spectrum auction dashboard in Europe — 1H19
Commercial targets focusing on 3.4–3.8 GHz and 26 GHz
U.K. Auction Austria Auction
• 3.4 - 3.6 GHz (150 MHz) Done in 2018 Spectrum ready for 1H19 launches • 3.4 - 3.8 GHz Done 2019
• 3.6 - 3.8 GHz (120 MHz) Q4 2019 Good progress to enable • 26 GHz 2020
1H19 launches
• 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2020
Late for 2019, targeting
2020 launches Germany Auction
Italy Auction
• 3.4 - 3.7 GHz Q1 2019
• 3.6 - 3.8 GHz Done in 2018
• 26 GHz 2H 2019
• 26.5 – 27.5 GHz Done in 2018

France Auction Russia Auction

• 3.46 - 3.8 GHz Q3/Q4 2019 • 3.4-3.8 GHz Rostelecom

• 26 GHz Q1 2019
• 26 GHz 2020
Finland Auction
Spain Auction
• 3.4 - 3.8 GHz Done in 2018
• 3.6-3.8 GHz Done in 2018
• 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2020 • 26 GHz 2020

Switzerland Auction Sweden Auction

• 3.4 - 3.8 GHz Done 2019 Auction • 3.4 - 3.8 GHz 2H 2019
• 26.5 – 27.5 GHz 2022 • 3.4 - 3.8 GHz Done in 2017 • 26 GHz 2020

15
5G spectrum status in China, South Korea, and Japan

China South Korea • MSIT has successfully completed 5G spectrum auction

• MIIT officially allocated 3.3-3.6 GHz & 4.8-5.0 GHz as
in June 2018 for both sub-6 and mmWave, including
official 5G bands; in addition, in December 2018, CMCC
3.42–3.7 GHz and 26.5–28.9 GHz
received a 5G trial license for 2.6 GHz (Band n41).
• The commercial launch of 5G service is expected in
• mmWave in longer term. Chinese gov’t solicited public
March 2019, while the carriers are working to launch
opinion for candidate bands of 24.75-27.5 GHz & 37-42.5
mobile routers service first in December 2018
GHz non-exclusively in Jun’17
• Chinese government approved small scale trial
frequencies usage in 24.75-27.5 GHz & 37-42.5 GHz Japan • 5G Technical rules for 3.6 - 4.2 GHz, 4.4 - 4.9 GHz and
mmWave ranges in Jul’17
27 - 29.5 GHz have been specified
• Maximum 500 MHz in Sub-6 and 2 GHz for mmWave
plans unchanged
• Actual band(s) allocation will be made by March 2019

16
5G spectrum status in South East Asia and Australia

• Regulator issued a public consultation on 5G spectrum, • Telkomsel showcased 28 GHz during Asian Games
Singapore Indonesia
including bands below 1 GHz, between 1 and 6 GHz, 2018
and above 6 GHz. • Government announced it will consult on 5G policy in
• Considering 3.5 GHz, 4.8 GHz, 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 38 2019 with 3.5 GHz and 26 GHz as candidate, and
GHz as candidates and will finalize 5G spectrum and finalize policy in 2020
regulatory frameworks in 2019

• Government announced 5G auction of remaining 125

Hong Kong Australia
• Regulator has allocated mid-band (3.3–3.4 GHz, 3.4-3.7 MHz in 3.6 GHz band for October 2018 (total 3.4-3.7
GHz, 4.8–4.99 GHz) and mmWave (24.25-28.35 GHz) GHz)
spectrum to mobile and plans to assign the spectrum in
• Regulator is consulting on 26 GHz spectrum
2019
arrangements and plans to auction of 26 GHz in 2020
• Regulator has announced it will consult on 28 GHz
spectrum
• Many other governments in the region initiating 5G
stakeholder consultations this year

17
Dual connectivity to fully leverage LTE investments
Gigabit LTE provides the coverage foundation for 5G eMBB

Existing deployments 5G augmented deployments

Gigabit LTE, VoLTE

Gigabit LTE, VoLTE 5G NR below 10 GHz 5G NR mmWave

5G NR above 10 GHz

Ubiquitous LTE coverage Seamless mobility 5G NR

Simultaneous dual-connectivity low / mid-band and
640+ 9,500+ 2.3B+ across 5G NR and 4G LTE
Commercial Commercial LTE/LTE-A LTE coverage
networks devices subscriptions

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: GSA (www.gsacom.com) — Oct 2017 on network launches, Oct 2017 on subscriptions, Nov 2017 on commercial devices

Enabling gigabit Providing VoLTE leveraging Supplementing 5G NR

experiences everywhere LTE’s ubiquitous coverage mid-band and mmWave
18
Spectrum aggregation essential to 5G NR deployments
Dual Connectivity across LTE and NR
Fully leveraging LTE investments and coverage, including NSA
operation for early 5G NR deployments

CA across spectrum bands

E.g., tight CA between 5G NR mmWave and sub-6 GHz to
address mmWave coverage gaps

CA across FDD and TDD bands

Sub-1 GHz and mid/high band aggregation; supplemental uplink
for better coverage, supplemental downlink for capacity
Carrier Aggregation (CA) and Dual CA across spectrum types
Connectivity enable deployments with E.g., Licensed and unlicensed with 5G NR Licensed Assisted
tightly and loosely coordinated cells Access (LAA) — approved Rel-15 Study Item

5G NR Rel-15+ LTE/5G NR NSA

Building on solid LTE CA and LTE Rel-10+ Supplemental DL

Supplemental UL
Supplemental DL

Dual Connectivity foundation FDD/TDD CA

LAA CA
FDD/TDD CA
NR LAA CA
Dual Connectivity Dual Connectivity
19
 5G NR URLLC
for new mission-
critical services Aviation and public safety Industrial automation
A platform for tomorrow’s more
autonomous world

Ultra-low 1 ms e2e latency

Faster, more flexible frame structure; also new non-
orthogonal uplink access

Autonomous vehicles Remote medicine

High reliability targeting 10-5 BLER1
Ultra reliable transmissions that can be time
multiplexed with nominal traffic through puncturing

High availability
Simultaneous links to both 5G and LTE for failure
tolerance and extreme mobility

Robotics Smart grid/energy

Addressing unmet needs: dedicated, local and optimized
Opportunity for both licensed and unlicensed spectrum

Low-complexity IoT High-performance IoT High-performance IoT

Mobile, latency tolerant, High reliability & low latency, Higher throughput (Gigabit LTE),
low compute higher throughput, high compute lower latency, high compute

Wide-area fallback

Wireless Edge
Analytics and compute

Low-complexity IoT
Deep coverage, long
battery life, NB-IoT, eMTC

Private 5G/LTE network 1 Public 5G/LTE network

Dedicated network for local services
Secure Wide-area coverage
Optimized for specific use case

1) A private 5G/LTE network can also support generic traffic as a neutral host, for example at an hospital it can provide dedicated services for employees/equipment and also operate as a neutral host for visitors.
5G NR-U valuable for wide range of deployments
3GPP study on 5G NR in unlicensed spectrum, fair coexistence with LAA, Wi-Fi

Licensed assisted NR-U Stand-alone NR-U

Boosting existing deployments Open mobile broadband Private networks1
Better user experience with higher speeds Neutral host, neighborhood network Industrial IoT, enterprise broadband

• Live

Aggregating licensed and unlicensed spectrum Expanding 5G market with new types of deployments

1) A private network can also support generic traffic as a neutral host, for example at an hospital it can provide dedicated services for employees/equipment and also operate as a neutral host for visitors.
Opportunity to introduce new sharing paradigms in 5G NR

Evolutionary path Revolutionary path

NR unlicensed (NR-U)—existing coexistence rules 5G NR spectrum sharing (NR-SS)—potential for new rules

LAA NR-U Predictable resources

Stand-alone NR-U Time synchronization 5G CoMP

provides great potential to share
spectrum more efficiently
Synchronized NR-U Spatial sharing

Fair co-existence:
Flexible sharing
Wi-Fi, LTE-LAA…
Global operators
and OEMs using
Snapdragon X50 Vodafone
Group

5G NR modem
family for mobile
5G NR trials and
devices
Thank you!
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