CAD 3D

LAB MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY-393
 SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY- 393
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CAD 3D LAB MANUAL

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. VIEW ENTITIES IN THREE DIMENSIONS

2. CREATE THREE DIMENSIONAL ENTITIES
3. EDIT IN THREE DIMENSIONS
4. EDIT THREE DIMENSIONAL SOLIDS
5. PRACTICE THE SELECTION OF MATERIALS FROM LIBRARY
6. APPRECIATE THE IMPORTANCE OF SOLID MODELLING SOFTWARE PROE/
UNIGRAPHICS/ CATIA

LAB INCHARGE HOS – DME

 SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY- 393
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CAD 3D LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT: VIEW ENTITIES IN THREE DIMENSIONS

Aim:
To practice set new viewing direction and dynamically view direction using
AUTOCAD commands.

Apparatus required:
1. Computer with AutoCAD software
2. A4 size paper
3. Plotter

Procedure:
A quick way to set a view is to choose one of the predefined 3D views. You can select
predefined standard orthographic and isometric views by name or description. These views
represent commonly used options: Top, Bottom, Front, Left, Right, and Back. In addition,
you can set views from isometric options: SW (southwest) Isometric, SE (southeast)
Isometric, NE (northeast) Isometric, and NW (northwest) Isometric.

If you find yourself repeatedly zooming and panning to the same area, you can probably get
there faster with a named view. A named view is a name that you assign to a particular region
of your drawing. After you create a named view, you can return to that region quickly by
restoring the view. You use the VIEW (V) command, which displays the View Manager
dialog box, to create and restore named views.

About creating new view direction:

Zoom and pan until you find the view that you want to assign a name to.

Click View tab Views panel View Manager.

In the View Manager, click New.
In the New View dialog box, View Name box, enter a name for the view.
In the Boundary section, select one of the following options to define the area of the
view:
 Current Display. Includes all of the drawing that is currently visible.
  Define Window. Saves part of the current display. The dialog box closes while you use
the pointing device in the drawing to specify opposite corners of the view. To redefine
the window, click the Define View Window button.
Click OK twice to save the new view.

About creating a 3D Dynamic View:

We can change a view without interrupting your current operation using a feature that
combines panning and zooming.

With dynamic viewing, you can display the effects of changing your viewpoint as you make
the changes. Using this method, you can also simplify your view temporarily by choosing
only the objects that you need to determine the view. Alternatively, if you press Enter without
selecting any objects, 3D Dynamic View displays a model of a small house instead of your
actual drawing. You can use this house to define the viewing angle and distance. When your
adjustments are complete and you exit the command, the changes are applied to the entire 3D
model in the current view.

RESULT:
 View manager is used to set new view and 3D navigation tools are used
to dynamically view an object.

SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY- 393

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CAD 3D LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT: CREATE THREE DIMENSIONAL ENTITIES

Aim:
To practice create three dimensional faces, rectangular meshes, ruled surfaces meshes,
extruded surface meshes, revolved surface meshes, create boxes and cylinders by using
AUTOCAD commands.

Apparatus required:
1. Computer with AutoCAD software
2. A4 size paper
3. Plotter

Procedure:
Three dimensional faces: 3DFACE (Command)
Create a three-sided or four-sided surface in 3D space.

After entering the last two points for a 3D face, the command repeats automatically using
these two points as the first two points of the next 3D face. For example:

The following prompts are displayed.

First point
Define the start point for the 3D surface. After entering the first point, enter the
remaining points in a natural clockwise or counterclockwise order to create a normal
 3D face. If you locate all four points on the same plane, a planar face is created that is
similar to a region object. When you shade or render the object, planar faces are filled.

Second point
Define the second point for the 3D surface.
Third point
Define the third point for the 3D surface.

Fourth point
Define the fourth point for the 3D surface.

The Third point and Fourth point prompts are repeated until you press Enter. Specify
points 5 and 6 at these repeating prompts. When you finish entering points, press
Enter.

Invisible
Controls which edges of a3D face are visible, allowing for accurate modeling of
objects with holes. Entering i or invisible before the first point of an edge makes the
edge invisible.

The invisible specification must precede any object snap modes, XYZ filters, or
coordinate input for that edge. You can create a 3D face in which all edges are
invisible. Such a face is a phantom; it does not appear in wireframe presentations but
can hide material in line drawings. 3D faces do appear in shaded renderings.

You can combine 3D faces to model complex 3D surfaces.

To Create a Rectangular Mesh:

1. At the Command prompt, enter 3DMESH.
2. Specify the M size, using an integer from 2 through 256 (or) length value.
3. Specify the N size, using an integer from 2 through 256 (or) width value.
4. Specify the vertex points as prompted. The number of vertices equals the M value times
the N value. Specifying the last vertex point completes the mesh.

BOX

To Create a Ruled Mesh:

1. Click Mesh tab Primitives panel Ruled Surface. Find

2. Select an object to act as the first defining curve.
3. Select a second object as the second defining curve.
Mesh segments are drawn between the defining curves. The number of segments equals
the value set in the SURFTAB1 system variable.
4. Erase the original curves if necessary

To create extruded surface meshes:

Convert 3D Surfaces to 3D Solids

We can convert surfaces to 3D solids by extruding the surface with THICKEN. To thicken the
surface inward in this example, a negative value was entered.

Use the SURFSCULPT command to convert a set of surfaces that completely enclose a volume to
a3D solid. In the illustration below, an extruded arc is intersected by two planar surfaces to
enclose a "watertight" volume.

Convert 3D Meshes to 3D Solids

When you convert mesh objects to 3D solids, the shape of the new solid object
approximates, but does not exactly duplicate, the original mesh object. For example,
the illustrated 3D mesh was first modified by increasing its smoothness level, and
then it was converted into a smooth 3D solid.

Note: You can also convert meshes to 3D solids by first converting them to surfaces
and then thickening them.
To create revolved surface meshes:

1. Click Mesh tab Primitives panel Revolved Surface. Find

2. Specify an object to define the path curve.
The path curve, which defines the N direction of the mesh, can be a line, arc, circle,
ellipse, elliptical arc, 2D polyline, 3D polyline, or spline. If you select a circle, closed
ellipse, or closed polyline, the mesh is closed in the N direction.

3. Specify an object to define the axis of revolution.

The direction vector can be a line or an open 2D or 3D polyline. If you choose a polyline,
the vector sets the rotation axis from its first vertex to its last vertex. Any intermediate
vertices are ignored. The axis of revolution determines the M direction of the mesh.

4. Specify the start angle.

If you specify a nonzero start angle, the mesh is generated at a position offset from the
path curve by that angle.

5. Specify the included angle.

The included angle specifies how far the mesh extends around the axis of revolution.

6. Erase the original objects if necessary.

To create three dimensional entities boxes, cylinders:
BOX (Command)

Find
The following prompts are displayed.

First Corner
Start the box by setting the first corner.

Other Corner
Set the opposite corner and height of the base of the box.

Cube
Create a box with sides of equal length.

Length
Creates a box with length, width, and height values you specify. The length corresponds to
the X axis, the width to the Y axis, and the height to the Z axis.

Entering a positive value draws the height along the positive Z axis of the current UCS.
Entering a negative value draws the height along the negative Z axis.
The base of the box is always drawn parallel to the XY plane of the current UCS (work
plane). The height of the box is specified in the Z-axis direction. You can enter both positive
and negative values for the height.

Centre
Create the box by using a specified center point.

CYLINDER (Command)

Find
In the illustration, the cylinder was created using a center point (1), a point on the radius (2),
and a point for the height (3). The base of the cylinder is always on a plane parallel with the

work plane.

During a drawing session, the default value for the base radius is always the previously
entered base radius value.

The following prompts are displayed.

3P (Three Points)
Define the base circumference and base plane of the cylinder by specifying three points.
2P (Two Points)
Define the base diameter of the cylinder by specifying two points.

TTR (Tangent, Tangent, Radius)

Define the base of the cylinder with a specified radius tangent to two objects.

Elliptical
Specify an elliptical base for the cylinder.

Centre
Create the base of the cylinder by using a specified center point.

RESULT:
3DFACE, 3DMESH commands are used to create three dimensional faces, rectangular
meshes and THICKEN tool is used to extrude surface meshes.
 SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY- 393
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CAD 3D LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT: EDIT IN THREE DIMENSIONS

Aim:
To practice rotate in three dimensions, array in three dimensions, mirror in three
dimensions, align in three dimensions using AUTOCAD commands.

Apparatus required:
1. Computer with AutoCAD software
2. A4 size paper
3. Plotter

Procedure:
Rotate in three dimensions:
3DROTATE (Command)
In a 3D view, displays the 3D Rotate gizmo to aid in revolving 3D objects around a base
point.

Find
With the 3D rotate gizmo, you can drag to rotate selected objects and sub objects freely or
constrain the rotation to an axis.

If the visual style setting is 2D Wireframe, the visual style changes to 3D Wireframe for the
duration of the command.
The 3D rotate gizmo is displayed at the center of the selected object or objects by default.
You can adjust the axis of rotation by using the shortcut menu to change the location of the
gizmo.

When the 3D rotate gizmo is displayed, the 3D Rotate Gizmo shortcut menu offers options
for aligning, moving, or changing to another gizmo.

The following prompts are displayed.

Select objects
Specifies the objects that you want to rotate.

Base point
Set the center point of the rotation.

Pick a rotation axis

On the 3D Scale gizmo, specifies the axis of rotation. Move the mouse until the axis
path you want to select turns yellow, then click to select it.

Specify angle start point or type an angle

Set the relative start point of the rotation. You can also enter an angle value.

Specify angle end point

Rotate the object about the specified axis. Click to end the rotation.

Array in three dimensions:

3DARRAY (Command)

Create non associative, 3D rectangular or polar arrays.

 Find
For 3D rectangular arrays, in addition to columns and rows, you also specify the number of
levels in the Z direction. For 3D polar arrays, you specify the axis of rotation with any two
points in space.

The entire selection set is treated as a single element in the array.

The following prompts are displayed.

Select objects
Select the objects to array.

Rectangular
Copies objects in a matrix of rows (X axis), columns (Y axis), and levels (Z axis). An array
must have at least two rows or two columns or two levels.

Positive values generate the array along the positive X, Y, and Z axes. Negative values
generate the array along the negative X, Y, and Z axes.

Number of rows (---)

Specify the number of rows to repeat along the X axis.
Number of columns (|||)
 Specify the number of rows to repeat along the Y axis.

Number of levels (...)

Specify the number of rows to repeat along the Z axis.

Distance between rows (---)

Specifies the distance between the base points of the items arrayed along the X axis.

Distance between columns (|||)

Specifies the distance between the base points of the items arrayed along the Y axis.

Distance between levels (...)

Specifies the distance between the base points of the items arrayed along the Z axis

Polar
Copies objects about an axis of rotation. The specified angle determines how far the objects
are arrayed about the axis of rotation.

Number of items in the array

Specify the number of arrayed items.

Angle to fill
Specify the angle between the first and last item in the array. A negative number
produces a clockwise array rotation.

Rotate arrayed objects?

Control whether items are rotated as they are arrayed.
 Yes. Rotates the items along the axis of rotation.
 No. Retains the same orientation for all objects in the array.
Centre point of array
Specify the centre point of the arrayed objects.

Second point on axis of rotation

Specify a second point that sets the direction of the axis of rotation from the centre
point.

Mirror in three dimensions:

MIRROR3D (Command)

Access Methods

Tool Set: Modeling tab > Modify panel > 3D Mirror.

Menu: Modify > 3D Operations > 3D Mirror.

Example:

Align in three dimensions:

3DALIGN (Command)

Aligns objects with other objects in 2D and 3D.

Find
Specify up to three points on the object to be aligned. Then specify up to three corresponding
points for the destination.

The following prompts are displayed.

Select objects
Select one or more objects to align.
 Selected objects will be moved and rotated so that the base point and the X and Y axes
of the source object align in 3D space with the destination. 3DALIGN works with
dynamic UCS (DUCS), so you can dynamically drag the selected objects and align
them with the face of a solid object.

Base point
Specifies a point to serve as a base point on the source object you want to move into
alignment with the destination base point.

Second point
Specify a point on the source object X axis.

The second point specifies a new X axis direction within a plane parallel to
the XY plane of the current UCS.

Third point
Specify a point on the object’s positive XY plane.

The third point sets the orientation of the X and Y axes of the source object.

Continue
Skips forward to destination point specification prompts. Use this option if
the X and Y axes of the source should be parallel with theX and Y axes of the current
UCS.
Copy
Creates and aligns a copy of the source object instead of moving it.
First destination point
Define the destination of the base point of the source object.
Note: If the destination is a plane on an existing solid object, you can define the
destination plane with a single point by turning on dynamic UCS.
Second destination point
Specifies a new X axis direction for the destination within a plane parallel to
the XY plane of the current UCS.

Third destination point

Set the orientation of the X and Y axes of the destination plane.

Exit
Specifies that the X and Y axes of the destination are parallel with the X and Y axes of
the current UCS.

RESULT:
3DROTATE, 3DARRAY, MIRROR3D, 3DALIGN commands are used to edit in three
dimensions.
 SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY- 393
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CAD 3D LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT: EDIT THREE DIMENSIONAL SOLIDS

Aim:
Practice sectioning, slicing solids and hiding, shading, rendering in three dimensions
using AUTOCAD commands.

Apparatus required:
1. Computer with AutoCAD software
2. A4 size paper
3. Plotter

Procedure:
Sectioning solid:

SECTIONPLANE (Command)

Create a section object that acts as a cutting plane through 3D objects, and point clouds.

Find
Section plane objects create sections of 3D solids, surfaces, meshes, and point clouds. Use
live sectioning with section plane objects to analyze a model, save sections as blocks for use
in layouts, and extract 2D geometry from point clouds.

List of Options
The following options are displayed.
 Face or Any Point to Locate Section Line
Specify a face to establish the plane of the section object.

Alternatively, you can select any point on the screen that is not on a face to create a
section object independent of the solid or surface. The first point establishes a point
around which the section object rotates.

 Through point. Sets a second point that defines the plane of the section object.

Slicing solid:

Slice a 3D Solid or Surface With a Cutting Plane

1. Click Home tab Solid Editing panel Slice. Find

2. Select the 3D solid or surface objects to slice. Press Enter.
3. Specify two points to define the cutting plane.
4. Specify which side of the sliced object to retain, or enter b (Both) to retain both sides.

Slice a 3D Solid or Surface With a Planar Object

1. Click Home tab Solid Editing panel Slice. Find

2. Select the 3D solid or surface objects to slice. Press Enter.
3. At the Command prompt, enter o (Object). Press Enter.
4. Select a circle, ellipse, arc, 2D spline, or 2D polyline to use as the cutting plane.
5. Specify which side of the sliced object to retain, or enter b (Both) to retain both sides.

Slice a 3D Solid or Surface With a Surface

1. Click Home tab Solid Editing panel Slice. Find

2. Select the 3D solid or surface objects to slice. Press Enter.
3. At the Command prompt, enter s (Surface).
4. Press Enter.
5. Select a surface to use as the cutting plane.
6. Specify which side of the sliced object to retain, or enter b (Both) to retain both sides.

Hiding:

HIDE (Command)
Displays a 3D model with hidden lines suppressed for the 2D Wireframe visual style.

Find
Objects that can hide other objects include circles, solids, text, regions, wide polyline
segments, 3D solids, 3D surfaces, 3D meshes, and the extruded edges of objects with nonzero
thickness. Extruded circles, solids, and wide polyline segments are treated as solid objects
with top and bottom faces.

SHADING:

Work With Shading and Coloring Faces.

Change 3D View Face Settings

Available face settings vary for different styles.

1. Click View tab Visual Styles panel Find.

Alternatively, you can click View tab Palettes panel drop-down Visual Styles.

2. Select any visual style, other than 2D Wireframe, to change its settings.
3. Change available settings for the selected style. Under Face Settings, set:
 Face Style
 Lighting Quality
 Color
 Monochrome Color
 Opacity
 Material Display

RENDERING:

A realistic rendering of a 3D model can often give a product team or prospective client a
clearer vision of a conceptual design than a plotted drawing.

Rendering is the process of creating a raster image based on the 3D objects in a scene. A
renderer is used to calculate the appearance of the materials attached to the objects in a scene,
and how lighting and shadows are calculated based on the lights placed in a scene.
Environmental and exposure settings of the renderer can be adjusted to control the final
rendered image.

While the final goal of rendering is to create an artistic or photorealistic presentation-quality

image, you might need to create many renderings before you reach that goal. The basic
rendering workflow is to attach materials to the 3D objects of a model, place user-defined
lights, add a background, and start the renderer with the RENDER command.

RESULT:

SECTIONPLANE, HIDE, SLICE, RMAT commands are used for practicing sectioning,
hiding, slicing, rendering in 3D modeling of AUTOCAD.
 SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY- 393
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CAD 3D LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT: PRACTICE THE SELECTION OF MATERIALS

FROM LIBRARY
Aim:
Practice material library enabling, edit materials and material library in AUTOCAD
3D modelling.

Apparatus required:
1. Computer with AutoCAD software
2. A4 size paper
3. Plotter

Procedure:
Enable material library:
Select render tab. In render tab we have materials toolbar. Materials tool bar has
three options. Click on second option a menu will appear. Select materials/
textures ON option.

Edit materials:
 Planar mapping. Maps the image as if it were projected onto a 2D surface. The image is
not distorted from the direction of projection but is distorted if projected onto a curved
surface and viewed from the side. The image is not scaled to the object. This mapping is
most commonly used for flat faces.
 Box mapping. Maps an image onto a boxlike shape. The image is repeated on each side
of the object.
 Spherical mapping. Maps an image onto a spherical object. The top and bottom edges of
the map are compressed to a point at the "north and south poles" of the sphere.
 Cylindrical mapping. Maps an image onto a cylindrical object. The horizontal edges are
wrapped together but not the top and bottom edges. The height of the image is scaled
along the cylinder axis.

Use the Mapping Gizmo to Adjust the Texture

If you need to make further adjustments to a material map, you can use the mapping gizmo to
move or rotate the texture map on the object. To display it, select a textured object and enter
MATERIALMAP.

Adjust, move, and rotate the texture by dragging the gizmo axes.

RESULT:
Enable material library, edit materials is done by using tools in render tab.
 SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY- 393
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CAD 3D LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT: APPRECIATE THE IMPORTANCE OF SOLID

MODELLING SOFTWARE PROE/ UNIGRAPHICS/ CATIA
Aim:
Appreciate importance of solid modelling software like PROE/ UNIGRAPHICS/ CATIA.
Create a 3D model by using PROE.

Apparatus required:
1. PROE wildfire 4.0
2. A4 size paper
3. Plotter

Procedure:
Importance of PROE:
PROE was developed by parametric Technology Corporation, Waltham, MA. PROE is a
multi-programs software that can be used for design, analysis and manufacturing. However,
PROE is linked to another package, MEHANICA, which is able to perform structural,
thermal and motion analysis. The structural analysis includes static stress, deformation,
buckling and vibration. PROE and MECHANICA can be used for optimization and
parametric studies. Connecting PROE to NC machines provide the manufacturing
capabilities. Wide range of sheet metal forming, piping layout and model designs can be
handled. The significance of PROE over other existing drafting tools come from its capability
of being parametric, feature based solid modelling software. The parametric capability of Pro
E enable the designers to change certain parameters and dimensions in the feature they are
designing and the program will adapt the change through the whole model. ProE is a feature
based software were parts are created by defining features such as extrusion, sweep, cuts,
holes, slots, rounds and so on. PROE will create the features upon specifying the attributes by
the designer.

3D modelling of stair case:

 Sketch rectangle given dimension ok
Extrude sketch given dimension ok
Sketch rectangle given dimension ok
Extrude sketch given dimension ok
Sketch rectangle given dimension ok
Extrude sketch given dimension ok

RESULT:

A 3D model of staircase is created by using sketch tools in PROE.