Romania - Proiect La Engleza Referat

Romania - proiect la engleza referat
Romania, republic, in south-eastern Europe, bordered on the north by Ukraine;

on the east byMoldova; on the south-east by the Black Sea; on the south
by Bulgaria; on the south-west bySerbia (part of the federation of Serbia and
Montenegro); and on the west by Hungary. The total area of Romania is
about 237,500 sq km (91,700 sq mi). Bucharest is Romania’s capital and
largest city.
Land and Resources

Romania is roughly oval in shape, with a maximum extent east to west of about
740 km (460 mi) and north to south about 475 km (295 mi). The topography is
varied. The Transylvanian Basin, or Plateau, which occupies central Romania, is
very hilly for the most part, but also has wide valleys and extensive arable slopes.
The Transylvania region is almost completely surrounded by mountains. To the
north and east are the Carpathian Mountains, and along the south are the
Transylvanian Alps, which continue south to the Danube gorge at the Banat
Mountains. Moldoveanul (2,544 m/8,395 ft), the highest peak in the country, is in
these Alps. A smaller group of ranges, the Bihor Mountains, is west of
Transylvania. The remaining areas of Romania are predominantly lowlands. In the
west are the lowlands of the Tisza Plain, which are usually referred to as
the Banat, adjacent to the Serbian border, and Crisana-Maramures, adjacent to
Hungary. The most extensive plains are the lowlands of Walachia, located between
the Transylvanian Alps and Bulgaria, and the region of Moldova (Moldavia), east of
the Carpathian Mountains. Bordering the Black Sea in the extreme east and
forming part of Dobruja, or Dobrogea, is a low plateau, which continues south into
Bulgaria.
The most important river of Romania is the Danube. It demarcates the eastern
part of the boundary with Serbia, and most of the boundary with Bulgaria. The
valley of the lower course of the Danube (east of the Iron Gate gorge near Turnu
Severin) and the Danube delta are very swampy. Other important rivers, all part of
the Danube system, are the Mures, Prut, Olt, and Siret. Romania has many small,
freshwater mountain lakes, but the largest lakes are saline lagoons on the coast of
the Black Sea; the largest of these is Lake Razelm.
Climate
The Transylvanian Basin, the Carpathian Mountains, and the western lowlands
have warm summers and cold winters with recorded temperature extremes
ranging between 37.8° C (100° F) and -31.7° C (-25° F). The Walachian,
Moldavian, and Dobrujan lowlands have hotter summers and occasionally
experience periods of severe cold in winter; recorded extremes in Bucharest and
the lowlands are 38.9° C (102° F) and -23.9° C (-11° F). Rainfall averages 508 mm
(20 in) on the plains and from 508 mm to 1,016 mm (20 in to 40 in) on the
mountains and is concentrated in the warmer half of the year.
Natural Resources
The principal resources of Romania are agricultural, but the country also has
significant mineral deposits, particularly oil, natural gas, salt, coal, lignite, iron ore,
copper, bauxite, chromium, manganese, lead, and zinc.
Plants and Animals

Wooded steppe, now largely cleared for agriculture, predominates in the plains of
Walachia and Moldova. Fruit trees are common in the foothills of the mountains.
On the lower slopes are found forests of such deciduous trees as birch, beech, and
oak. The forests of the higher altitudes are coniferous, consisting largely of pine
and spruce trees. Above the timberline (approximately 1,750 m/5,740 ft), the flora
is alpine.
Wild animal life is abundant in most parts of Romania. The larger animals, found
chiefly in the Carpathian Mountains, include the wild boar, wolf, lynx, fox, bear,
chamois, roe deer, and goat. In the plains, typical animals are the squirrel, hare,
badger, and polecat. Many species of birds are abundant; the Danube delta region,
now partly a nature preserve, is a stopover point for migratory birds. Among
species of fish found in the rivers and offshore are pike, sturgeon, carp, flounder,
salmon, perch, and eel.
Soil
The soils in most parts of the country of Romania are fertile. In western Romania,
the soil consists largely of the decomposition products of limestone. Chernozem, or
black earth, highly suited for growing grain, predominates in the eastern part of
the country.
Population
Romanians, who constitute 89 per cent of the total population, are descendants of
the peoples inhabiting Dacia (modern Romania) at the time of its conquest
(about AD 106) and absorption by the Romans. Important minorities are the
Hungarians, who comprise about 11 per cent of the population and are chiefly
settled in Transylvania; and Germans, who make up less than 1 per cent of the
population and live chiefly in the Banat. Romania also has small numbers of
Ukrainians, Jews, Russians, Serbs, Croats, Turks, Bulgarians, Tatars, and Slovaks.
Ethnic unrest has troubled Romania since the overthrow of the communist regime.
In 1991 organized attacks on Romany communities caused a large number to flee
to Germany and Austria, but most of these were forcibly returned to Romania in
1992. Unrest in Transylvania forced the ethnic Hungarians there to flee in 1990,
after Romanian tanks had been deployed to quell the uprising. Anti-Semitism has
also been rising.

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Romania - proiect la engleza referat

Romania, republic, in south-eastern Europe, bordered on the north by Ukraine;

Land and Resources

Plants and Animals

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