JSP (Udpate1)

JSP
(Java Server Pages)

JSP is a tag based JEE web technologies to develop web
application for providing dynamic response to end user.
Compare to Servlet, JSP is used to develop web
applications within the less time.
The reason is if we go for Servlet we need to import
statement, class declarations, method declarations,
exception class’s declarations and finally writing logic
in the methods. In JSP, we are always writing logic
directly within the tags.
JSP is not a replaced technology of Servlet.
It is not extension technology of a Servlet.
It is just alternative (one more way of developing web
application) technology.
In Servlet we are using mainly two types of coding.

a. Processing Code (java code)
b. Printing Code (html code/tags)
Whatever the request ( input data ),which is coming
from browser, that request is processing and generating
response for this purpose Servlet’ s uses java code for
handover the response to end user (browser) Servlet
required html code.
We are always using/writing html code or tags within
the double quotes. If we writing any mistake in those
html tags java compiler and JVM unable to recognize,
the reason both compiler and JVM will treat that data
as a String data. Those errors or mistakes can
recognize only by the browser.
In JSP we used three types of tags.
1. HTML tags
2. JSP tags.
3. Java code
Html tags are useful for displaying the information on
browser.
JSP tags and java code are useful for processing the
request and generating response.
Syntax of JSP tags:
<% %>
No need mention any information about JSP in web.xml
file, the reason is we are communicating with JSP by
using JSP file name but whenever we working Servlet
we need mention Servlet details in web.xml file, the
reason is we are not communicating Servlet by using
its name.
Example:
<html>
<h1>Result is: 50+60</h1>
Result is: <%= 50+60 %>
</html>
Output:
Result is: 50+60
Result is: 110
If we are writing any code outside of JSP tags that code
will treated as html information.
To communicating with JSP we don’t required any

special configurations in web.xml file. No need to
create any WEB-INF or any other folders.
We can communicate JSP with the help of JSP file
name.
JSP file always having extension like ".jsp". It is
mandatory.
Advantages:
1. Faster development.
2. Auto Compile.
3. Auto reloaded.
4. No need of using web.xml file to configure jsp
file.
5. No need mention project structure.
6. It very good at presentation or view.
The above features are providing by the all servers.
Steps for developing JSP:

1. Developing dynamic web project (TestJsp) and
extract the project hierarchy.
2. Right click on WebContent
3. Select new
4. Go to other
5. Select File option under general option
6. Click on next
7. Give file name as Test.jsp
8. Click finish
9. Write some code in Test.jsp
<html>
<body bgcolor='yellow'>
<form>
<h1><MARQUEE>WELCOME TO JSP
PROGRAMMING</MARQUEE></h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
10. Save
11. Start the server
12. Under browser type bellow url
http://localhost:1111/TestJSP/Test.jsp
13. Check output on browser it print
WELCOME TO JSP PROGRAMMING
14. Go to Test.jsp and rewrite the code as bellow
<html>
<form>
<h1><MARQUEE>WELCOME TO JSP
PROGRAMMING</MARQUEE></h1>
<h1><MARQUEE>AUTOLOADING AND
FAST DEVEOPMENT</MARQUEE></h1>
<h1><MARQUEE>AUTOCOMPILE</MARQUEE></h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
15. Come to browser to just refresh it.
16. It will show output like
WELCOME TO JSP PROGRAMMING
AUTOLOADING AND FAST DEVEOPMENT
AUTOCOMPILE
That means the above step will prove that auto compile
and reload.
Note: If the code is related html tags, that code will
placed into out.write (“-“), if the code is belongs to jsp
tags for printing those will statements will placed into
out.println(“-“).
INTERNAL PROCESS OF SERVER (JSPCONTAINER &
SERVLET CONTAINER):
At end of the JSP file it converted into Servlet.
JSP container duties:
1. Verification:
The code which we written in the .jsp file is valid or
not.
2. Translation:
“.jsp” will be converted into .java file.
Ex: Test.jsp (JSP file name)
Test_jsp.java (.java file name)
3. Compilation:
Test_JSP.java will converts into .class file like bellow
Test_jsp.java (.java file name)
Test_jsp.class (.class file name)
4. Configuration:
Handover Test_jsp.class file to Servlet Container.
5. Loading:
Servlet container will loads Test_jsp.class file
bytecode.
6. Instantiation:
Creting object for Test_JSP
7. Initialization:
Filled with initialization values
8. Execution:
Test_JSP will be executing
9. Destroy:
The services of Test_JSP will be closed
JSP life cycle methods:
1. public void jspInit()
2. public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse res)throws
ServletException, IOException
3. public void jspDestroy()
jspInit() method is used for providing JSP implemented
class object initialization logic.
_jspService() is used for providing the request
processing logic for executing the JSP page request.
jspDestroy method is useful to JSP implemented class
for releasing logic.
If we want to see PIC go and check in bellow folder:

D:\NARESH-I-TECHNOLGY\CORE-
JAVA\.metadata\.plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\t
mp0\work\Catalina\localhost\TestJSP\org\apache\JS
P
The above methods are not called by servlet container

directly, these are called from servlet life cycle
methods.
to called these methods every server vendor will
provide implementation class and override the servlet
life cycle methods.
init(ServletConfig) --> calls ---> JspInit()

service(HSReq,HSRes)---> calls-->_JSPService()
destroy() ---> JSPDestroy()
_JSPService(-,-) throwing ServletException only, the
reason is it called from service(-,-).
we can able to write JspInit() and JSPDestroy()

methods by using this tag
<%! ...%>
but we can not override _JSPService(). the reason is
server provide JIC always having _JSPService()
JSP implementation class structure:

<html>
<body>
<%! int x = 10; %>
<% int y = 20; %>
x: <%= x %> <br/>
y: <%= y %>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<body>
<%! static{
System.out.println("JSP page is loaded-
static block");
}
%>
<%! public test_JSP(){
System.out.println("JSP page instantiated:
constructor");
}
%>
<%! public void JspInit(){
System.out.println("JSP page initialized");
}
%>
<%!
{
System.out.println("JSP page initialized: non-
static block");
}
%>
<%!
public void JSPDestroy(){
System.out.println("JSP page destroyed:
destroy");
}
%>
<%= "request processed: service"
%>
</body>
</html>
1st request: JSP page is loaded-static block

JSP page initialized: non-static block
JSP page instantiated: constructor
JSP page initialized
request processed: service
2nd request:
request processed: service
3rd request:
JSP page destroyed: destroy
JSP page is loaded-static block
JSP page initialized: non-static block
JSP page instantiated: constructor
JSP page initialized
*******request processed: service
How to configure JSP file in to web.xml file and what is

the use:
We can configure .jsp file within the web.xml file
by using <jsp-file>tag.
<jsp-file> is the sub tag of <servlet>
Writing .jsp file name in the browser URL and making a
request server and getting response from server will
take some time, to avoiding this time consuming
problem and meanwhile of deploying our .jsp project
into server if we want to do the following phases and
making my .jsp for ready to provide response to end
user we need to configure .jsp file in web.xml file.
Once we configure .jsp file information in web.xml file
the following will be happen by both jsp container and
servlet container.
Verification, Translation, compilation, configuration,
loading, instantiation, initialization.
ex:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>test</servlet-name>
<jsp-file>/Test2.jsp</jsp-file>
</servlet>
JSP file name like Test2.jsp in <jsp-file> tag
must be starts with '/'.
Test.jsp:
<html>
<%! public void init(){
System.out.println("this init method");
ServletConfig sc = getServletConfig();
System.out.println("servletconfig: "+sc.hashCode());
System.out.println("currentobject: "+this.hashCode());
String studentName = sc.getInitParameter("sname");
System.out.println("StudentName: "+studentName);
} %>
<%
System.out.println("this _jspService method");

ServletConfig sc = getServletConfig();
System.out.println("servletconfig: "+sc.hashCode());
System.out.println("currentobject: "+this.hashCode());
String studentName = sc.getInitParameter("sname");
System.out.println("StudentName: "+studentName);
%>
</body>
</html>
Web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ts</servlet-name>
<jsp-file>/Test.jsp</jsp-file>
<init-param>
<param-name>sname</param-name>
<param-value>mani</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/Test.jsp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Whenever we configure jsp file information in web.xml
file, meanwhile of deploying our project into server, the
following phases will automatically executing, those are
a. Verification phase
b. Translation phase
c. Compilation phase
d. Configuration phase
e. Loading phase
f. Instantiation phase
g. Initialization phase (executing jspInit method).
and finally waiting from user request for
executing servicing phase.
Without <servlet-mapping>
Test.jsp:
Same as above program
Web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<init-param>
<param-name>sname</param-name>
<param-value>mani</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<web-app>
program:
Test2.jsp same as bellow program
web.xml:
----------
<web-app>
<servlet>
<jsp-file>/Test2.jsp</JSP-file>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/Test2.jsp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
If we load .jsp file before request coming to server

about .jsp file, we need to configure .jsp file in web.xml
file.
It loading .jsp we required only <servlet> is enough.
No need of <servlet-mapping> tag.
If we are configuring JSP file with help of <servlet-

mapping>, then container will create
only one pair of JSP object(JSP Implementation class
object--servlet),
ServletConfig objects are created.
If we have any initalization values those are playced
into ServletConfig object
in the form of key-value pair of combination.
the following diagram shows how servletconfi objects
holds the initialization information.
<html>
<body>
<%! static{
System.out.println("static block");
}
%>
<%! public Test2_JSP(){
System.out.println("constructor");
}
%>
<%! {
System.out.println("non-static block");
} %>
System.out.println("JspInit()");
ServletConfig cfg = getServletConfig();
System.out.println("config: "+cfg);
System.out.println("this: "+this);
System.out.println("ename:
"+cfg.getInitParameter("ename"));
} %>
<%! public void JSPDestroy(){
System.out.println("JSPDestroy");
} %>
<%
System.out.println("_JSPService()");
%>
<%= "program executing successfully:changed" %>
</body>
</html>
static block
non-static block
constructor
JspInit()
config:
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperFacade@8c0b
5a
this: org.apache.jsp.Test2_JSP@3d60c4
ename: ramchandra
_JSPService()
config:
5a
ename: ramchandra
_JSPService()
config:
5a
ename: ramchandra
==============================
if we are not configure .jsp file with the help of
<servlet-mapping>,
for each and every request container will create
different servletobject and servletconfig objects.
<html>
<body>
<%! static{
}
%>
<%! public Test2_JSP(){
}
%>
<%! {
} %>
System.out.println("JspInit()");
} %>
<%! public void JSPDestroy(){
System.out.println("JSPDestroy");
} %>
<%
System.out.println("_JSPService()");
%>
<%= "program executing successfully:changed" %>
</body>
</html>
static block
non-static block
constructor
JspInit()
config:
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperFacade@19be
b29
this: org.apache.jsp.Test2_JSP@16c01c8
ename: ramchandra
static block
non-static block
constructor
JspInit()
config:
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperFacade@8cb4
92
this: org.apache.jsp.Test2_JSP@1a2edef
ename: null
_JSPService()
config:
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperFacade@8cb4
92
this: org.apache.jsp.Test2_JSP@1a2edef
ename: null
<web-app>
<servlet>
<jsp-file>/Test2.jsp</JSP-file>
<init-param>
<param-name>ename</param-name>
<param-value>ramchandra</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>

</web-app>
========================================
JSP Tags:
-----------
We have 5 types of tags
1. Scripting tags
2. Directive tags (page, include, taglib)
3. Standard action tags
4. Custom action tags
5. JSTL
Scripting Tags: <%------%>

Comments in jsp:
1. HTML comment 
This tag is not ignored by the JSP container, this
tag will be placed into Page Implementation class (PIC),
handover to browser by Servlet container, but browser
will ignores.
2. JSP comment <%-- comment text --%>
This tag is ignored by the Jsp Container
3. Java comment: If we are writing java
comments outside of html comment and jsp comment
these comments will be treated as html code.
If we are writing java comments in declarative and
scriptlet tag these comments not ignored by the jsp
container these comments are placed into PIC in
translation phase, but in compilation jsp container
ignores.
<%= //we can’t %>
The above statement is invalid the reason without
printing any value we can’t write comment.
<html>
This is not a comment

<%-- this is jsp comment --%>

<%!
//int a = 111;
/* int b = 222;
int c = 333;
*/
/** int d = 444;

int e = 666;
*/
%>
<%--
//int a1 = 111;
/* int b1 = 222;
int c1 = 333;
*/
/** int d1 = 444;

int e1 = 666;
*/
--%>

//int a3 = 111;
/* int b3 = 222;
int c3 = 333;
*/
/** int d3 = 444;

int e3 = 666;
*/
</body>
</html>
<html>
<h1>THIS IS JSP PAGE</h1>

<%-- this is jsp comment --%>
//this is java comment
/* this is java ml comment*/
/** this is java d comment*/
<% //this java comment in ST
%>
<%!
//this is declarative tag
%>
</body>
</html>
4.declaration tag <%! ----%>(class level coding)

This tag is useful writing code/programming elements
at class level.
The programming elements may be blocks,
constructors, variables, methods.
The code is always added to our class outside of the
_jspService(-,-).
We can write multiple statements within the single
declaration tag.
Every statement should be ended with semicolon.
Example on declaration tag:

<html>
<%!
static int m1(int x){
System.out.println("this is static m1 method");
if(x >= 0){
System.out.println("x is positive number");
}
else
System.out.println("x is negative number");
return 111;
}
%>
<%! static int a = m1(123); %>
<%! static int a = m1(new java.util.Scanner(System.in).nextInt()); %>
</body>
</html>
5. Scriptlet tag <% --- %> (_jspService(-,-)):

It is useful for writing the code within the _jspService(-
,-). It is useful for declaring local variables, final
variables, method calling statements, doing operations(
logic).
We can write one or more statements and ever
statement ended with semicolon.
6. Expression tag <%= ---- %>(_jspService(-,-))
It is useful for writing the code within the _jspService(-
,-). It is useful for printing output on browser.
We can able to only one statement within the
expression tag, statements are not ended with
semicolon.
Example on scriptlet and expression tags:

<html>
<%
String s = "Nationalization";
if(s.contains("ali")){
System.out.println("if block executes ali is there");
}
else
System.out.println("if block executes ali is not
there");
%>
<%
String s1 = "Internationalization";
String result="";
result=s1.substring(5, 11);
System.out.println("Result: "+result);
%>
<%= result %>
</body>
</html>
Invalid statement in jsp:
<html>
<%
static int a = 111;
%>
<%!
final int b ;
%>
<%
static{
}
%>
<%!
int a =111;
int b;
b=222;
%>
</body>
</html>
Write a program to calcuate add,sub,mul,div by passing
fixed values by using jsp tag and print those values on
browser.
<html>
<%!
public int add(int x, int y){
return x+y;
}
public int sub(int x, int y){
return x-y;
}
public int mul(int x, int y){
return x*y;
}
public int div(int x, int y){
return x/y;
}
%>
<%-- <%int a = add(10,2);
int b = sub(10,2);
int c = mul(10,2);
int d = div(10,2);
%>
add: <%= a %><br/>
sub: <%= b %><br/>
mul: <%= c %><br/>
div: <%= d %><br/>
--%>
<h1>add: <%= add(10,2) %><br/>
sub: <%= sub(10,2) %><br/>
mul: <%= mul(10,2) %><br/>
div: <%= div(10,2) %> <br/> </h1>
</body>
</html>
Example on above tags:

This is html code </br>
//THIS IS JAVA COMMENT
THIS IS JSP COMMENT
<%!
static{
}
%>
<%!
{
}
%>
<%!
public Test3_JSP(){
}
%>
<%!System.out.println("we cannot do this"); %>
<%!
static int m1(){
System.out.println("static m1 method");
return 8989;
}
%>
<%!
int x = 111;
static int y = 333;
private int z = 444;
protected int l = 555;
transient int m = 666;
public int n = 777;
static int o = m1();
%>
<%
int aa1 = 111;
final String aa2 = "ram";
m1();
%>
<%= o %>
<%= "System.out.println"%>
<%= m1() %>
Errors in Jsp:
We have three types of errors in JSP
a. Translation Errors:
The errors which are given by the jsp container
due to bad syntax of tags are called translation errors.
If translation error occurs jsp container not creates
.java file and display 500 error on browser.
<%@ page imports='java.util.ArrayList' %>
<% ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); %>
%> --> html code

< % %> --> this will be treated as html code
<%@ page imports=’java.util.*’ %> Translation error
<% % > --> compilation Error
B. Compile Time Errors:
If the compiler unable to understand the syntax then
we will get compile time errors.
In this time jsp container will creates .java file but not
.class file.
<%  compilation error
<% ! %> --> Compile time Error
<% <% %>--> Compile time Error
<% int a = 10 %> --> Compiler time Error
<% %> %> --> html code
C.Execution Error:
If there is any problem with logic, then we will get
runtime error.
In the time jsp container will creates .java and .class
file but servlet
container will give errors.
<% int a = 10/0; %>
<% int a[] = {11,22,33};
System.out.println(a[3]);
%>
Communication between one .jsp file to other .jsp,

.html,.java,.txt file:
For doing above process we required
pageContext.foraward(-).
Test.jsp:
<html>
<%-- <% pageContext.forward("./Test1.jsp"); %> --%>
<%-- <% pageContext.forward("./Test2.html"); %> --%>
<%-- <% pageContext.forward("./Test3.txt"); %> --%>
<% pageContext.forward("./ts"); %>
</body>
</html>
Test1.jsp:
<html>
<h1>THIS IS Test1.jsp FILE</h1>
</body>
</html>
Test2.html:
<html>
<h1>THIS IS Test.html FILE</h1>
</body>
</html>
Test3.txt:
THIS IS NORMAL TEXT FILE

TestServlet.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class TestServlet extends GenericServlet{
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse
res)throws ServletException, IOException {
res.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out

= res.getWriter(); out.println("<body bgcolor='yellow'>");
out.println("THIS IS TESTSERVLET");
out.println("</body>");
Implicit Objects:
The objects which are created or given by the container
to implement our jsp logic are called Implicit Objects.
We have 9 implicit objects.

1. config ServletConfig
2. session HttpSession
3. application(context) ServletContext
4. pageContext PageContext
5. out JspWriter
6. page java.lang.Object
7. exception java.lang.Throwable
8. request HttpServletRequest
9. response HttpServletResponse
Here out is not belongs PrintWriter it is belongs to
JspWriter.
With the help of page implicit object we can’t call any
variable and method within jsp page.
The reason is page object belongs to java.lang.Object.
It is suitable for calling method from Object class.
<html>
<form>
<%int a = 111; %>
<%! void m1(){
System.out.println("m1 method");
} %>
<%= a %>
<%= page %>
<%= page.a %> //invalid
<%= page.m1() %> //invalid
<%= page.toString() %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<%! int a = 111;
int m1(){
return 222;
}
void m2(){
}
%>
a: <%=a %><br/>
m1():<%=m1() %><br/>
<%-- m2():<%=m2() %> --%>
<%-- a: <%=page.a %>
m1(): <%=page.m1() %> --%>
<%=page %><br/>
<%=page.toString() %><br/>
<%=page.hashCode() %><br/>
<%=page.getClass() %><br/>
<%=page.getClass().getName() %><br/>
</body>
</html>
Where can we use implicit objects in jsp page?

We can use jsp implicit object only within two tags
a. Expression tag
b. Scriptlet tag
That means these implicit object are only available in
_jspService(-,-). We can’t use within the jspInit() and
jspDestroy().
<html>
<form>
<%=application %><br/>
<%=config %><br/>
<%=session %><br/>
<%=pageContext %><br/>
<%=out %><br/>
<%=page %><br/>
<%=request %><br/>
<%=response %><br/>
<%-- <%=exception %> --%>
<%
System.out.println(application);
%>
<%! public void jspInit(){
System.out.println(config);
} %>
<%! public void jspDestroy(){
} %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
In the above we need to comment jspInit() and
jspDestroy() statements, otherwise we will get
compile time errors.
How can we use config and context(application)

implicit objects in jspInit() and jspDestroy()?
To interact with config and context objects within
jspInit() and jspDestroy() we required factory
methods like
a.getServletContext()
b.getServletConfig()
In _jspService(-,-) either we can use factory method

or implicit objects
a.getServletContext()
b.getServletConfig()
c.config
d.application
<html>
<form>
<%
ServletConfig sconfig = getServletConfig();
ServletContext scontext = getServletContext();
System.out.println("sconfig: "+sconfig);
System.out.println("scontext: "+scontext);
%>
<%= config %>
<%= application %>
} %>
} %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Web.xml:
<web-app>
<context-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>chandra</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<init-param>
<param-name>user</param-name>
<param-value>ram</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/Test.jsp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Test.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%
System.out.println("user:
"+sconfig.getInitParameter("user"));
System.out.println("scontext:
"+scontext);
System.out.println("password:
"+scontext.getInitParameter("password"));
%>
<%= config.getInitParameter("user") %>
<%=
application.getInitParameter("password") %>
ServletConfig sconfig =
getServletConfig();
ServletContext scontext =
getServletContext();
} %>
ServletConfig sconfig =
getServletConfig();
ServletContext scontext =
getServletContext();
System.out.println("scontext:
"+scontext);
} %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Q) Can we able create variable names like confing and
application in jspInit() , jspDestroy(),
_jspService()?
We can able to create variable names like config,
application, page … in jspInit() and jspDestroy(), in
these methods these names are not treated as implicit
object the reason is by default implicit object are
not available to jspInit() and jspDestroy().
We can’t create variable names like config,
application, page … in _jspService(-,-). The on top
of these name container already created implicit
objects and placed into _jspService(-,-). If we are
trying to create we will compiletime error like
duplicate variable.
<html>
<form>
System.out.println("jspInit()");
String config = "This is config variable";
String application = "This is application variable";
}
%>
System.out.println("jspDestroy");
String config = "This is config
variable";
String application = "This is
application variable";
} %>
//the following code invalid
<%
String config = "this is config vairable";
String application = "This is application variable";
%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Q) Can we use exception implicit object directly in
jsp?
A) No.
Q) How can we use exception implicit object in jsp?
A) With the help of directive tag.
All 8 implicit objects we can use directly except
“exception” object, the reason by default jsp
container unable recognize the “exception” implicit
object.
If we want to use we need declare one directive tag
like bellow.
<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
<html>
<form>
<%= application %>
<%= config %>
<%= exception %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
IN the above exception implicit object will gives
value like null.
The reason there is no exception in this page.
PageContext:
Usages:
a. Getting implicit objects.
b. Storing/ retrieving / deleting the data from
scope objects.
c. Making communication with other .jsp file,.html
file, .java file,.txt file.
a. Getting implicit objects:
<html>
<form>
<%!
public void m1(PageContext pc){
ServletRequest sreq = pc.getRequest();
ServletResponse sres = pc.getResponse();
ServletContext scon = pc.getServletContext();
ServletConfig scfg = pc.getServletConfig();
HttpSession hse = pc.getSession();
java.lang.Object obj = pc.getPage();
java.lang.Throwable thr = pc.getException();
JspWriter jw = pc.getOut();
}
%>
<%
ServletRequest sreq = pageContext.getRequest();
ServletResponse sres = pageContext.getResponse();
ServletContext scon =pageContext.getServletContext();
ServletConfig scfg = pageContext.getServletConfig();
HttpSession hse = pageContext.getSession();
java.lang.Object obj = pageContext.getPage();
java.lang.Throwable thr = pageContext.getException();
JspWriter jw = pageContext.getOut();
m1(pageContext);
%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
b. Storing/ retrieving / deleting the data from scope
objects.
1. setAttribute(-,-):
To place the data page scope object
2. setAttribute(-,-,-):
To place the data specific scope object

3. getAttribute(-):
Read the data from page scope object
4. getAttribute(-,-):
Read the data from specific scope object. In the
above methods name is not available, it will
returns null.
5. findAttribute(-)
Read the data from page scope object if not
available control goes to request scope object if not
available control goes to session scope object if not
available control goes to application scope object.
If not null value
6. removeAttribute(-)
It will remove the data from all scope objects.
7. removeAttribute(-,-)
It will useful for removes the data from one
specified given scope.
<html>
<form>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("sno", 101); %>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("sname", "ram");%>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("sfee",5000); %>
sno: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("sno") %><br/>
sname: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("sname") %><br/>
sfee: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("sfee") %><br/>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("eno", 5678,
PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE); %>
eno: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("eno") %><br/>
eno:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("eno",PageContext.REQUEST
_SCOPE) %><br/>
<%pageContext.removeAttribute("sno"); %>
sno: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("sno") %><br/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("sno", 101);
%>

<%pageContext.setAttribute("sname",
"ram"); %>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("sfee",5000);
%>
sno: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("sno")
%><br/>

sname:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("sname") %><br/>
sfee: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("sfee")
%><br/>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("eno",
5678,PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE); %>
eno: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("eno")
%><br/>
eno:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("eno",PageContext.REQU
EST_SCOPE) %><br/>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("sno",
201,pageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE); %>
<%pageContext.removeAttribute("sno");
%>

sno from page:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("sno") %><br/>
sno from request:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("sno",PageContext.REQU
EST_SCOPE) %><br/>
<% pageContext.setAttribute("cname",
"mca",PageContext.APPLICATION_SCOPE); %>
cname from page:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("cname") %><br/>
cname from request:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("cname",PageContext.RE
QUEST_SCOPE) %><br/>
cname from application:
<%=pageContext.getAttribute("cname",PageContext.APP
LICATION_SCOPE) %><br/>
<%=pageContext.findAttribute(") %>
<html>
<form>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("cname", "mca1"); %>

<%pageContext.setAttribute("cname",
"mca2",PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE);
%>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("cname",
"mca3",PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE);
%>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("cname", "mca4",
PageContext.APPLICATION_SCOPE); %>
<%-- <%pageContext.removeAttribute("cname"); %> -
-%>
<%pageContext.removeAttribute("cname",PageContext
.REQUEST_SCOPE); %>
CINEMA NAME p:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("cname")
%><br/>
CINEMA NAME r:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("cname",
PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE) %><br/>
CINEMA NAME s:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("cname",
PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE) %><br/>
CINEMA NAME a:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("cname",
PageContext.APPLICATION_SCOPE) %><br/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
WARNING:
The basic mistake doing by the programmer is placing
the data in one scope object and reading that data from
another scope object.
C. Making communication with other .jsp file,

.html file, .java file,.txt file.
 forward(-)
 include(-)
Diagram on pageContext forward(-):
Diagram on pageContext include(-):
First.jsp:
<html>
THIS IS FIRST.JSP FILE
<form>
<%-- <%pageContext.forward("./Second.jsp"); %> --%>
<%-- <%pageContext.forward("./Third.html"); %> --%>
<%-- <%pageContext.forward("./Fourth.txt"); %> --%>
<%-- <%pageContext.forward("./ms"); %> --%>
<%-- <%pageContext.include("./Second.jsp"); %>
<%pageContext.include("./Third.html"); %>
<%pageContext.include("./Fourth.txt"); %> --%>
<%pageContext.include("./ms"); %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Second.jsp:
<html>
THIS IS SECOND.JSP FILE <br/>
</body>
</html>
Third.html:
<html>
THIS IS THIRD.HTML FILE <br/>
</body>
</html>
Fourth.txt:
<html>
THIS IS FOURTH.TXT FILE
</body>
</html>
MyServlet.java:
public class MyServlet extends GenericServlet{
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<body bgcolor='yellow'>");
out.println("THIS IS SERVLET CLASS");
out.println("</body>");
}
}
web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ms</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>MyServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ms</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ms</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Scope Objects:
We have 4 scope objects.
These are useful carry the information from .jsp file to
another .jsp file.
 page
 request
 application (context)
 session
In all the scope object application scope object having
highest accessibility that means we can that scope
object information from all browser as well windows
also.
Session scope object data can be accessible within the
same browser but all windows.
Request scope object data can be accessible only one
window, once response handover to browser request
scope object data will be destroyed.
Page scope object data can be accessible only within
the same page.
For retrieving JSP implicit objects.

<%="hi" %><br/>
<%=request %><br/>
<%=response %><br/>
<%=application %><br/>
<%=session %><br/>
<%=page %><br/>
<%=pageContext %> <br/>
<%=out%><br/>
<%=config%><br/>
<%= config.getInitParameter("ename") %>
<%-- <%=exception %> invalid --%>
The above 9 objects are not working in JspInit() and

JSPDestroy().
If we want to working with them we need to write the
code for getting those objects.
<%!public void jspInit(){
System.out.println("init method");
//System.out.println(config);
System.out.println("cfg: "+cfg);
ServletContext cxt = getServletContext();
System.out.println("cxt: "+cxt);
} %>
<%!
public void jSPDestroy(){
//System.out.println(config);
System.out.println("this is JSPdestroy()");
System.out.println("cfg: "+cfg);
}
%>
For strong and retrieving and removing attributes from
JSP 4 scope objects.
hi
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("eno1", 7279);
%>
<%
%>
<%
%>
<%
%>
eno1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("eno")%><br/>
eno1:<%=pageContext.getAttributesScope("eno1")%><br/>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("ename1", "ram1",PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
%>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("ename2",
"ram2",PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE); %>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("ename3",
"ram3",PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE); %>
<%pageContext.setAttribute("ename4", "ram4",PageContext.
APPLICATION_SCOPE); %>
ename1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename1") %><br/>
ename1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename1",PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE)
%><br/>
ename1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename1",PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE)
%><br/>
ename1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename1",PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE)
%><br/>
ename1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename1",PageContext.APPLICATION_SC
OPE) %><br/>
ename2:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename2",PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE)
%><br/>
ename3:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename3",PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE)
%><br/>
ename4:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename4",PageContext.APPLICATION_SC
OPE) %><br/>
<%pageContext.removeAttribute("ename1"); %>
ename1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename1") %><br/>
ename1:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("ename1",PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE)
%><br/>
bye
The common mistake is doing by the programmer is placing data in one

scope and reading the data in another scope, then we are always
getting null values. If we are doing on null values we will get
NullPointerException.
Page scope object only within the same JSP file, it is not sharable
between other JSP files.
Test4.jsp:
<% application.setAttribute("eno",1234);%>
<% session.setAttribute("ename","ram");%>
<% request.setAttribute("dept","faculty");%>
<% pageContext.forward("./Test5.jsp");%>
Test5.jsp:
THIS IS TEST5.jsp FILE......
<%= application.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
<%= session.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
<%= request.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
<%-- <%= page.getAttribute("eno")%> --%>
<%= session.getAttribute("ename")%><BR/>
<%= request.getAttribute("dept")%><BR/>
<%= application.getAttribute("dept")%><BR/>
<%= request.getAttribute("ename")%><BR/>
END OF TEST5.jsp FILE
Special Test case on applicaton scope object:

Test4.jsp:
<% application.setAttribute("eno",1234);%>
Test5.jsp:
<%= application.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
Call Test5.jsp file from different browser directly

We will get value like 1234. This scope object will share by the
enduser(browsers).
Special Test case on session scope object:

Test4.jsp:
<% session.setAttribute("eno",12345);%>
Test5.jsp:
<%= session.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
Call Test5.jsp file from different browser directly first we will get
null value.
Again call Test4.jsp from that browser then we will get 12345 values.
Call Test5.jsp file from in the browser directly first we will get
12345 values.
This scope object will share only one end user (browser).
Special Test case on request scope object:

Test4.jsp:
<% request.setAttribute("eno",1234567);%>
Test5.jsp:
<%= request.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
Call Test5.jsp file from different browser directly first we will get
null value.
Whenever we making a request Test5.jsp file servlet container will
create neq request object with empty values.
Again call Test4.jsp from that browser then we will get 1234567
values.
Again open one more tab in the browser and call Test5.jsp we will get
null only.
This scope object only shareable between one request and response
cycles.
Page Scope objects:

Test4.jsp:
<% pageContext.setAttribute("eno",1234567);%>
<%= pageContext.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
Test5.jsp:
<%= pageContext.getAttribute("eno")%><BR/>
The parameter and value or different value (attributes) we

place in different scope objects.
Within the one scope object we can able place multiple

attributes.
We can also delete attributes from the scope objects.
How to read data from html in jsp:

UserDetails.html:
<html>
<body bgcolor='gold'>
<form action='./ud.jsp'>
Enter Your Name: <input type='text'
name="uname"/><br/>
Enter Your age : <input type='password'
name='uage'/><br/>
Enter Your course: <input type='text'
name="ucourse"/><br/>
<input type='submit' value='SUBMIT'/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Ud.jsp:
<html>
<%
String uname =
request.getParameter("uname");
String uage =
request.getParameter("uage");
String ucourse =
request.getParameter("ucourse");
%>
<%= uname %>
<% out.println(uage); %>
<%= ucourse %>
</body>
</html>
Test.html:
<html>
<h1>THIS IS HTML FILE</h1>
<form action='./Test4.jsp'>
Enter your name: <input type='text' name='name'/>
<input type='submit' name='reqtype' value='submit'/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Test4.jsp:
<%String name = request.getParameter("name"); %>
Hi...<%=name %>
</body>
In the above program only response like Hi… ramchandra committed but
html text field not committed as response.
So end user needs to click on back button, then only get the html text
field for entering new value.
To overcome this problem we we need to write again html code in .jsp

file like bellow.
Hi...<%=name %>
</form>
</body>
In above approach .html code repeated.
To avoiding the above problem delete user.html file and make request
to jsp directly by sending values from browser URL.
<html>
<h2> THIS IS TEST.JSP FILE </h2>
<%
String username =
request.getParameter("username");
int age =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));
out.println("<h1>Your Name Is:
"+username+"</h1><br/>");
out.println("<h1>Your age Is:
"+age+"</h1><br/>");
%>
<form action='./Test.jsp'>
<h2>Enter Your Name: <input type = 'text'
name = 'username'/><br/>
Enter Your Age : <input type = 'text'
name = 'age' /><br/>
<input type = 'submit'
value = 'LOGIN' />
</h2>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Making a request from browser URL like bellow
http://localhost:4016/MyJspProject/Test.jsp?username=
manu&age=24
In the above approach also there is drawback like end

user should aware about how to send query string from
browser to server.
To overcome the above problem write html code in .jsp file send the
request to .jsp directly.
Test4.jsp:
<html>
<h1>THIS IS HTML FILE</h1>
Hi...<%=name %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
In the above approach we are facing one more problem like, in the
first request we are getting null by request. getParameter().
From second request onwards only we will get valid answer.
To overcome this problem we need write the code in the following

manner.
Test4.jsp:
<html>
</form>
<%String name = request.getParameter("name");
if(name==null){
return;
}
%>
HI...<%= name %>
</body>
</html>
Develop a program to read two values for addition:

Test4.jsp:
<html>
Enter First Value: <input type='text'
name='fno'/><br/>
Enter Second Value: <input type='text'
name='sno'/><br/>
<input type='submit' name='add' value='ADD'/>
</form>
<%String fno = request.getParameter("fno");
String sno = request.getParameter("sno");
if(fno==null || sno ==null){
return;
}
%>
<% int no1 = Integer.parseInt(fno);
int no2 = Integer.parseInt(sno);
%>
Addition is:<%= no1+no2 %>
</body>
</html>
How to develop bellow calculation program:
<html>
name='fno'/><br/>
name='sno'/><br/>
<input type='submit' name='reqtype' value='ADD'/>
<input type='submit' name='reqtype' value='SUB'/>
<input type='submit' name='reqtype' value='MUL'/>
<input type='submit' name='reqtype' value='DIV'/>
</form>
<%String result="";
String fno = request.getParameter("fno");
if(fno==null || sno ==null){
System.out.println("if block");
fno="";
sno="";
}
else{
String type = request.getParameter("reqtype");
int no1 = Integer.parseInt(fno);

int no2 = Integer.parseInt(sno);
if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("add")){
result = "Result is: "+(no1+no2);
}
else
if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("sub")){
result = "Result is: "+(no1-no2);
}
else if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("mul")){
result = "Result is: "+(no1*no2);
}
else if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("div")){
result = "Result is: "+(no1/no2);
}
}
%>
<%= result %>
</body>
</html>
Directive tags:
If we want to provide information to jsp container
about PIC creation according to our requirement (jsp
author) we should go for directive tags.
a. page
b. taglib
c. include
page is used for in the following places
o Import any predefine classes
o Extends PIC from our own class
o Create JSP as thread safe
o Disable the session
o Set the content other than "text/html"
o Handle the exceptions by enable exception
implicit object.
If we are not using page directive tag, jsp container will
create PIC with default code that is
a. Import only jsp and Servlet import statements.
b. PIC Extends server vendor given super class
(HttpJspBase).
c. With no thread safety.
d. With session
e. With default context type “text/html”
f. By default exception implicit object disable.
We can declare directive tags anywhere in .jsp file,
if we declare any where then jsp container will
place those directive tags in some required places.
Better to use directive tags in the top of the jsp.
Page directive having the following attributes:
<%@ page
language
import
extends
isThreadSafe
contentType
pageEncoding
session
errorPage
isErrorPage
autoFlush
buffer
info
isELIgnored
%>
<html>
<form>
<%@ page
import="java.util.ArrayList,java.util.Vector" %>
<%@ page import='java.util.Scanner' %>
<%-- <%@ page import='java.util.*' %> --
%>
<%@ page session='false' %>
<%@ page
contentType="application/msword" %>
<%
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
Scanner scan = new
Scanner(System.in);
Vector v = new Vector();
%>
<%= "good" %>
<%-- <%= session %> --%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
****************************************************
By default container will processing multiple requests
at a time. If want to processing the single request at a
time we need to implements SingleThreadModel
interface we can do this with the support of the
following tag.
<html>
<form>
<%= session %>
<%= exception %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
If we want use exception implicit object in .jsp we
should write this attribute, that is
isErrorPage=”true”
We can write this directive before or after implicit
object usage statement.
Working with isErrorPage and errorPage:

One.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%
try{
int a = 10/0;
}catch(ArithmeticException e){
out.println("<h2>Don’t enter zero as denominator
</h2>");
}
%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Two.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%
try{
int a = Integer.parseInt("a");
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
out.println("<h2>Provide integer type values</h2>");
}
%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Three.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%
try{
out.println("ram".charAt(3));
}catch(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
out.println("<h2>There is no
sufficient index character</h2>");
}
%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
In the above program in all .jsp we are writing
exception handling code by using try and catch
blocks.
To avoiding exception handling and maintain exception
message in separate jsp we should use isErrorPage
attribute and errorPage attributes..
One.jsp
<html>
<form>
<%@ page errorPage="Error.jsp" %>
<% int a = 10/0;%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Two.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<% int a=10;
int b = 0;
int c = a/b;
%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Whenever we using errorPage attribute jsp container
will create separate .java files and .class files for
the .jsp files like bellow.
One_jsp.java
One_jsp.class
Error_jsp.java
Error_jsp.class
Error.jsp:
<h1>DONT WRITE ZERO AS DENOMINATOR</h1>
Three.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<% out.println("ram".charAt(3));%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
In the One.jsp and Two.jsp one exception object is
raises that are ArithmeticException. We are forwarding
that exception object to Error.jsp and print “don’t
enter zero denominators.
In above case exception object and message are
suitable but Three.jsp exception and Error.jsp file
exception message are not match. That means in above
we are unable to handle multiple exceptions by using
one .jsp file to achieve this requirement we should go
for “isErrorPage” attribute.
One.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<% int a = 10/0;%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Two.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<% int a = Integer.parseInt("a");
%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Three.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<% out.println("ram".charAt(3));%>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Error.jsp:
<%@ page isErrorPage="true"%>
<%
try{
throw exception;
}
catch(ArithmeticException ae){
out.println("<h2>dont enter zero as
denominator</h2>");
}
catch(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException ae){
out.println("<h2>there is no sufficient
character to print</h2>");
}
catch(NumberFormatException e){
out.println("<h2>please enter numeric type
data</h2>");
}
%>
</body>
l1.jsp:
<%@ page isThreadSafe='false' %>
<%= this is JSP file %>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
<%@ page session='false' %>
With the support above tag we can avoid session object
in JSP.
<%@ page session='fslse' %>

<%=session%> //invalid
<%="good"%>
<html>
<%-- <%@ page isThreadSafe="false" session="true"
import='java.util.*' %> --%>
<%@ page import= 'java.io.*'%>
<%@ page import= 'java.util.*'
extends='javax.servlet.GenericServlet'%>
<h1>THIS IS TEST1 JSP FILE-WITH SESSION
OBJECT</h1>
<%= session %><br/>
<%= new Date() %><br/>
<%ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
al.add(10);
%>
<%= al %>
<%= new FileOutputStream("ram.txt") %>
<%! public void service(ServletRequest
req,ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException,IOException{
res.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();
out.println("<body bgcolor='yellow'>THIS IS
SERVICE METHOD </body>");
HttpServletRequest hreq =
(HttpServletRequest)req;
HttpServletResponse hres =
(HttpServletResponse)res;
_jspService(hreq,hres);
} %>
</body>
</html>
info will provides a special information about current

JSP file. If we want print info attribute information we
need use getServletInfo().
<%@ page info="this is my special JSP" %>
<%=session%><br/> //valid we didnt write
session=false
<%="good"%><br/>
<%= getServletInfo()%>
<html>
<h1>THIS IS TEST2.JSP FILE</h1>
<%@ page info="this is my test2.jsp file" %>
<h1><%= getServletInfo() %></h1>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page buffer='32kb' %>

<%!
%>
<%="good"%><br/>
----------------------------------------------
by default response object always committed on
browser.
the reason we have attribute like autoFlush='true'
once we mention autoFlush='false' response object not
commited automatically we need to call out.flush()
<html>
<h1>THIS IS TEST2.JSP FILE</h1>
<img src=C:\Users\Ramchandar\Desktop\\Koala.jpg
/>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page autoFlush='false' buffer='32kb’ %>

<%
out.println("<html><body>
<img src=C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\Koala.jpg />
</body>
</html>");
out.flush();
%>
<html>
<%@ page isThreadSafe="false" %>
<%!StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); %>
<%sb.append("ram");
Thread.sleep(10000);
%>
name: <%= sb %>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<%@ page contentType="application/msword" %>
<% out.print("this msword result"); %>
</body>
</html>
Working with exceptions in jsp:

<html>
<% try{
int a = 10/0;
}catch(Exception e){
out.println("dont enter zero as denominator");
} %>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<%= 10/0 %>
</body>
</html>
If we executes above program servlet container will give

default error message on browser, if we want to provide user
friendly message on browser then we need to go errorPage and
isErrorPage
Error1.jsp:
<html>
<%@ page errorPage="error2.jsp" %>
<%= 10/0 %>
</body>
</html>
Error2.jsp
<html>
<h1>DONT ENTER ZERO AS DENOMINATOR</h1>
</body>
</html>
We have error in the error1.jsp file so automatically

controle goes to error2.jsp with the help of errorPage
attribute.
If there is no error or exception in our .jsp file there is

no usage of errorPage attribute.
How to handle multiple exceptions:
Error1.jsp:
<html>
<%@ page isErrorPage="true" errorPage="error2.jsp" %>
<% try{
int a = 10/0;
}catch(ArithmeticException e){
out.println("dont enter zero as denominator");
throw e;
}
catch(NegativeArraySizeException e){
out.println("declare array size");
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
out.println("there is no sufficient memeory
location");
}
%>
</body>
</html>
Error2.jsp:
<html>
<h1>DONT ENTER ZERO AS
DENOMINATOR...................</h1>
</body>
</html>
If exception is not avialable in try block out put will

print on the browser by using out implicit object.
If exception is raised in try block we can hold with
catch block.
With the help of throw keyword and errorPage we
parward the controle to another file.
If we want hold exception is which is raised in .jsp file
we can hold in another like bellow.
<h1>DONT ENTER ZERO AS DENOMINATOR</h1>
<%=exception %>
</body>
HTML and JSP communication:

<form action='./l1.jsp'>
FirstNumber: <input type='text' name='fno'/><br/>
SecondNumber: <input type='text'
name='sno'/><br/>
<input type='submit' value='submit'/>
</form>
</body>
<%
int x =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("fno"));
int y =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("sno"));
%>
Addition is: <%= (x+y) %>
<form action='./r1.jsp'>
<input type='text' name='name'/><br/>
</form>
<%= request.getParameter("name") %>
in the above program there is one drawback that is
enduser click on backbutton everytime.
add html code directly in JSP and callto JSP directly.
<form action='./r1.jsp'>
</form>
<%= request.getParameter("name") %>
include directive tag:

<%@ include file="resource"%>
The above tag is used for including the other web
resources like .html, .jsp, .text file but not Servlet at
translation time statically.
Static inclusion means other web resource source code
will be copy and paste into source jsp at translation
time.
For both main jsp and include jsp container will create
only one Page Implementation Class (one.java).
Both main jsp and include jsp files verification phases
completed then only include jsp file content will added
to main jsp file, if any one jsp file having verification
problem, then jsp container not creating .java file(PIC).
If we using @include directive tag we will includes only
content not response, for example if one jsp file(source
jsp) communicating with three other jsp files, then the
other three jsp files content will be added source jsp
file, jsp container will create only one .java file and
.class file.
Test.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>THIS IS TEST.JSP FILE STARTING
PLACE</h1>
<%@ include file="One.jsp" %>
<%@ include file="Two.jsp" %>
<h1>THIS IS TEST.JSP FILE ENDING
PLACE</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
One.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<H1>THIS IS ONE.JSP FILE</H1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Two.jsp:
<html>
<form><H1>THIS IS TWO.JSP FILE</H1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Three.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<H1>THIS IS THREE.JSP FILE</H1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
t1.jsp
--------
<% out.println("t1 page starting"); %><br/>
<%@ include file='t2.jsp' %>
<% out.println("t1 page ending"); %><br/>
t2.jsp:
<%out.println("this t2.jsp page"); %><br/>
This tag is used for reuse the content of web resources

in different places of project/web application. This is
used for splitting java code into different pages.
Test.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>THIS IS TEST.JSP FILE STARTING PLACE</h1>
<%@ include file="One.jsp" %>
<%@ include file="Two.jsp" %>
<h1>THIS IS TEST.JSP FILE ENDING PLACE</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Two.jsp
<html>
<form><H1>THIS IS TWO.JSP FILE</H1>
<%! int a = 555; %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
One.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<H1>THIS IS ONE.JSP FILE</H1>
<% int a = 444; %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
t1.jsp
--------
<%= x+y %>
t2.jsp
<%out.println("this t2.jsp page"); %><br/>
t3.jsp
<% int x = 10; %>
t4.jsp
<% int y = 10; %>
We must be take both t3.jsp and t4.jsp file variable
names different otherwise we will get duplicate variable
error.
In the above program container will create only one
Page Implementation Class for all JSP's.
If we change any content in one including file, then

remaining including files content will be verified and
reloaded that is effected to performance issues.
Test.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>THIS IS TEST.JSP FILE STARTING PLACE</h1>
<%@ include file="Four.html" %>
<h1>THIS IS TEST.JSP FILE ENDING PLACE</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Four.html:
<html>
<form>
<H1>THIS IS FOUR.HTML FILE</H1>
<%
int x = 5;
int y = 15;
%>
<h1> The Addtion Is: <%= (x+y) %> </h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
In the above .html file we feel the bellow code
normal text. But once this code copied into Test.jsp
by @include tag this code will be treated as jsp
code. That’s why we will output like “The Addition
Is: 20”.
Standard actions tags:
These are used for includes web resources like

Servlet, jsp, html files. All standard actions tag
including web resources dynamically.
Dynamic inclusion means code is not copy from
one web resource to another web resource, only
response will be copy.
Like in core java method calling statement,
whenever we calling method that called method code is
not copy only response or result will be copy.
The result can’t be reusable only printing the content.
We have the following action tags:
<jsp:include />
<jsp:forward />
<jsp:params />
<jsp:param />
<jsp:useBean />
<jsp:getBean />
<jsp:setProperty />
<jsp:getProperty />
<jsp:plugin/>
<jsp:fallback />
<jsp:include>
It will used for dynamic inclusion. Code is not
copy, only result will be copying. It is equal to
rd.include() in servlet. For each including web resource
jsp container will create a separate page
implementation class.
t1.jsp

<jsp:include page="t2.jsp"></jsp:include>
<jsp:include page="test.html"></jsp:include>
test.html
<form >
</form>
t2.jsp
from t2.jsp <br/>
t3.jsp
from t3.jsp <br/>
t4.jsp
from t4.jsp <br/>
<html>
<body bgcolor="yellow">
<h1>THIS IS DEMO.JSP FILE STARTS </h1>
<jsp:include page="R1.jsp"></jsp:include>
<jsp:include page="R2.jsp"></jsp:include>
<% out.println("The Result is: "+(x+y)); %>
<H1>THIS IS DEMO.JSP FILE ENDS</H1>
</body>
</html>
R1.jsp
<html>
<h1>THIS IS R1.JSP FILE RESPONSE </h1>
<%int x=100; %>
</body>
</html>
R2.jsp:
<html>
<h1>THIS IS R2.JSP FILE RESPONSE</h1>
<% int y=200; %>
</body>
</html>
In the above program we will get error(Demo.jsp).

If we are using standard include tag we can not copy
the vairables from .jsp to another jsp.
html file inclusion:

t1.jsp:
<jsp:include page="test.html"></JSP:include>
test.html
<%
int x = 5;
int y = 6;
%>
addition: <%= x+y %>
the above html code directly added to browser as a

output
----------------------------
if we want to do addition operation in html code we
need to copy that code
into _JSPService(-,-) with the help <%@ include %>.
t1.jsp:
<%@ include file="test.html" %>
test.html
<%
int x = 5;
int y = 6;
%>
addition: <%= x+y %>
the above html code will be adding to _JSPService()

body.
JSP and servlet communication:

t1.jsp
<jsp:include page='/add' />
AddServlet.java:
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class AddServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest
req,HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException{
int x =10;
int y = 20;
out.println("x+y: "+(x+y));
}
}
web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>add</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>AddServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/add</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
we can read including JSP file name at run time
test.html:
<form action='./t1.jsp'>
<input type='text' name='name'/>
</form>
t1.jsp:

<jsp:include page='<%=request.getParameter("name")
%>' />
t2.jsp:
from t2.jsp <br/>
web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<jsp-file>/t1.jsp</JSP-file>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/t1.jsp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<jsp:forward>
This tag is useful for making communication between
.jsp file to other web components (Servlet, .jsp, .html,
.txt).
Destination web component response only added to
browser.
We can able to use only one <jsp:forward>
Maximum time we are always writing this tag end of
.jsp file.
Whenever we are writing other line of code after this
tag, those lines of code are unable to execute.
Communication between .jsp file to Servlet by using
<jsp:forward>
With the help of this tag we are not only forwarding
control but also we can forward data by using
<jsp:param> tag
One.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>TEST.JSP FILE STARTS</h1>
<jsp:forward page='./hs'/>
<%-- <jsp:forward page='./one.jsp'/> --
%>
<%-- <jsp:forward page='./three.html'/>
--%>
<jsp:forward page='./my.txt'/>
<h1>TEST.JSP FILE ENDS</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
HelloServlet.java:
public class HelloServlet extends GenericServlet{
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("THIS IS HELLO SERVLET
RESPONSE");
}
}
Web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/hs</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Test2.html:
<html>
<body bgcolor='RED'>
<h1>THIS IS Test.html FILE</h1>
Enter first number: <input type='text' name='fno'/>
Enter second number: <input type='text'
name='sno'/>
<input type='submit' value='add'/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
t1.jsp:
<%
int i = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("fno"));
int j = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("sno"));
int result = i+j;
%>
<jsp:forward page="t2.jsp">
<jsp:param value="<%=result %>" name="res"/>
</jsp:forward>
T2.jsp:
<html>
<h1>THIS IS R2.JSP FILE RESPONSE</h1>
<%= request.getParameter("res") %>
</body>
</html>
UserInfo.html:
<html>
<form action='./Read.jsp'>
Enter UserName: <input type='text' name='uname'/>
<input type='submit' value='SUBMIT'/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Read.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%String username = request.getParameter("uname");%>
<jsp:forward page="Print.jsp">
<jsp:param value="<%= username %>" name="uname"/>
</jsp:forward>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Print.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%String username = request.getParameter("uname"); %>
<%= username %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Add.html:
<html>
Enter First Number:<input type='text'
ame='fno'/><br/>
Enter Second Number: <input type='text'
name='sno'/><br/>
<input type='submit' value='ADD'/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Read.jsp:
<html>
<form>
int i= Integer.parseInt(fno);
int j= Integer.parseInt(sno);
int result=i+j;
%>
<jsp:param value="<%= result %>" name="result"/>
</jsp:forward>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Print.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%int result=
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("result"));%>
The Result Is: <%= result %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Another way of writing above program:

Add.html:
<html>
Enter First Number:<input type='text'
ame='fno'/><br/>
Enter Second Number: <input type='text'
name='sno'/><br/>
<input type='submit' value='ADD'/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<form>
%>
<jsp:param value="<%=fno %>" name="fno"/>
<jsp:param value="<%=sno %>" name="sno"/>
</jsp:forward>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Print.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<%int i =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("fno"));
int j =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("sno"));%>
The Result Is: <%= (i+j) %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Program on <jsp:useBean>,<jsp:setProperty> and
<jsp:getProperty>
jsp:useBean tag is provides information to jsp container

to create object for particular class
It having followings attributes

Id  pointing to referenced name
Class  pointing to our bean class name
Scope  pointing to any one of the scope object.
jsp: setProperty is useful for placing data into our bean
variables by calling setter methods.
It having following attributes
Property  talks about variables name
Name  talks about referenced variable name
Value  talks about value to variable.
jsp: getProperty: is useful for reading the data from our
bean variables by calling getter methods.
It having following attributes
Property  talks about variables name
Name  talks about referenced variable name.
package kit.aj.jsp;
public class CalculationProj {
public CalculationProj(){
System.out.println("constructor executing");
}
public int add(int a, int b){
System.out.println("add method executing");
return (a+b);
}
public int sub(int a, int b){
System.out.println("sub method executing");
return (a-b);
}
public int mul(int a, int b){
System.out.println("mul method executing");
return (a*b);
}
public int div(int a, int b){
System.out.println("div method executing");
return (a/b);
}
}
Test.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>TEST.JSP FILE STARTS</h1>
<jsp:useBean id="cal"
class="kit.aj.jsp.CalculationProj"></jsp:useBean>
<h1>Addition: <%=cal.add(10,20) %><br/>
Subtraction: <%= cal.sub(20,10) %><br/>
Multiplication:<%=cal.mul(10,6) %><br/>
Division:<%=cal.div(10,2) %><br/></h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
package kit.aj.jsp;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Employee implements Serializable{
public Employee(){
System.out.println("constructor executing");
}
private int eid;
private String ename;
private int esal;
private int eage;
public int getEage() {
System.out.println("getEage");
return eage;
}
public void setEage(int eage) {
System.out.println("setEage\t: "+eage);
this.eage = eage;
}
public String getEname() {
System.out.println("getEname");
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
System.out.println("setEname\t: "+ename);
this.ename = ename;
}
public int getEsal() {
System.out.println("getEsal");
return esal;
}
public void setEsal(int esal) {
System.out.println("setEsal\t: "+esal);
this.esal = esal;
}
public int getEid() {
System.out.println("getEid");
return eid;
}
public void setEid(int eid) {
System.out.println("setEid: "+eid);
this.eid = eid;
}
}
Test.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>TEST.JSP FILE STARTS
<jsp:useBean id="emp"
class="kit.aj.jsp.Employee"></jsp:useBean>
<%-- <%emp.setEid(101);
emp.setEname("Annie");
emp.setEage(25);
emp.setEsal(8000);
%>
Eid: <%=emp.getEid() %><br/>
Ename: <%=emp.getEname() %><br/>
Esal: <%=emp.getEsal() %><br/>
Eage: <%=emp.getEage() %><br/> --%>
<jsp:setProperty property="eid"
name="emp" value="101"/>
<jsp:setProperty property="ename"
name="emp" value="ram"/>
<jsp:setProperty property="esal"
<jsp:setProperty property="eage"
<br/>
Eid:<jsp:getProperty property="eid"
name="emp"/><br/>
Ename:<jsp:getProperty property="ename"
name="emp"/><br/>
Esal:<jsp:getProperty property="esal"
name="emp"/><br/>
Eage:<jsp:getProperty property="eage"
name="emp"/>
</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Test.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>TEST.JSP FILE STARTS
<%@ page import="java.sql.ResultSet" %>
<jsp:useBean id="gs"
class="kit.aj.jsp.GetResults">
</jsp:useBean>
<% ResultSet rs = gs.getResults();
while(rs.next()){
out.println(rs.getInt(1)+"\t"+rs.getString(2)+"\t
"+
rs.getInt(3)+"\t"+rs.getInt(4)+"<br/>");
}
%>
</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
GetResults.java:
package kit.aj.jsp;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class GetResults {

public ResultSet getResults(){
try{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","m
anager");
Statement st = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select *
from sbaj6to8");
return rs;
}
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("*************");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
package com.ram;
public class MyBean {

private String name;
private String age;
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {

this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {

return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;
}
test.html:
<input type='text' name='age'/>
</form>
t1.jsp:
--------
<jsp:useBean id="my"
class="com.ram.MyBean"></jsp:useBean>
<%-- <jsp:setProperty property="*" name="my"/> --%>
<jsp:setProperty property="name" name="my"/>
<jsp:setProperty property="age" name="my"/>
<jsp:getProperty property="name" name="my"/>
<jsp:getProperty property="age" name="my"/>
<web-app>
<servlet>
<jsp-file>/t1.jsp</JSP-file>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/t1.jsp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
======================================
li.jsp
<jsp:forward page="date.jsp" />
date.jsp
<%= new java.util.Date()
%>
===================================
l1.jsp:
<jsp:forward page="date.jsp" >
<jsp:param value="ramchandra" name="name"/>
</JSP:forward>
date.jsp:
<%= new java.util.Date()
%>
<%= request.getParameter("name")
%>
--------------------------------------------------------------
<jsp:useBean>
l1.jsp:
<jsp:useBean id="obj" class="com.ram.Calculation"/>
<%
int x = obj.cal(5);
out.print(x);
%>
Calculation.java
package com.ram;
public class Calculation {

public int cal(int x){
return x*x*x;
}
}
Special Case with <jsp:setProperty> and its attribute
like property:
If html file text field names and bean property names
are same then no need set the values individually we
can go for property=’*’ syntax directly.
Three.html:
<html>
<form action='./two.jsp'>
Enter your name: <input type='text'
name='sid'/>
Etner your course:<input type='text'
name='sname'/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Student.java:
package com.ram;
public class Student {

private int sid;
private String sname;
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
}
Two.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>TWO.JSP FILE STARTS</h1>
<jsp:useBean id="std"
class="com.ram.Student" />
<%-- <jsp:setProperty property="sid"
name="std" value="101"/>
<jsp:setProperty property="sname"
name="std" value="ram"/> --%>
<jsp:setProperty name='std'
property='*'/>
<jsp:getProperty property="sid"
name="std"/>
<jsp:getProperty property="sname"
name="std"/>
<h1>TWO.JSP FILE ENDS</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Special case in two.jsp:
<html>
<form>
<h1>TWO.JSP FILE STARTS</h1>
<jsp:useBean id="std"
class="com.ram.Student" />
<jsp:setProperty name='std'
property='*'/>
name="std"/>
name="std"/>
<jsp:setProperty property="sid"
name="std" value="101"/>
<jsp:setProperty property="sname"
name="std" value="ram"/>
name="std"/>
name="std"/>
<h1>TWO.JSP FILE ENDS</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>
In the program we will get output like
800 suji
101 ram
Custom action tags:
Action is a request processing time or runtime

instruction to container.
We have two types of action tags.
a. Standard action tags.
b. Custom action tags.
Similarities between standard and custom action tags:
a. Both are action tags.
b. Both are runtime instruction to container.
c. Both are similar to syntax.
d. Both are useful for same purpose, use tags in the
foreground and eliminate java code in the
foreground, but in the background we are using
java code only.
e. These tags are using xml syntax but very case
sensitive.
Differences between standard and custom action tags:
Standard action tags:
Predefine tags are always comes along with
container, meaning and functionalities already known
by the container. Prefix is "jsp". These tags have
limited functionalities.
Custom action tags:
These are User define tags. We need to develop by
our own. We need to explain meaning and
functionalities to container. We can take any name as
prefix. Extensible functionalities
Tag: it is instruction to JSP engine.
<prefix:tagname attribute1=value1 ...>
Tld: Tag Library Descriptor:
In this we need to specify the tag and its
functionalities (TagHandler class)
Tag handler Class:
It is a java class it will provides the functionalities
of tag.
taglibrary:
Collection of tld file and taghandler classes
Tag(javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.Tag)
setPageContext(pageContext)
int doStartTag()
int doEndTag()
release()
For all these methods empty implementation is given

by the TagSupport class. This class we can call as
adaptor class.
We are always define doStatTag() and release() method

in our class. Whenever container encounter our tag
doStartTag() will be called in this method we are
writing our tag functionalities just before our
TagHandler object is garbage release() method calls for
release the resources.
OurTagHandler extends TagSupport implements Tag
date.jsp:
<html>
<body bgcolor='red'>
<%@ taglib prefix="nit" uri="customtags" %>
<h1>Today date is: <nit:date/> </h1>
</body>
web.xml:
<web-app>
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>customtags</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-
INF/ourtaglib.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
</web-app>
</html>
ourtaglib.tld
<taglib>
<tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
<jsp-version>1.2</JSP-version>
<short-name>nit</short-name>
<tag>
<name>date</name>
<tag-class>com.nit.DateHandler</tag-class>
</tag>
</taglib>
DateHandler:
package com.nit;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.servlet.jsp.jspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.jspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
public class DateHandler extends TagSupport{

public int doStartTag() throws JSPException{
Date today = new Date();
DateFormat dft =
DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.LONG);
String date = dft.format(today);
try{
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
out.println(date);
}catch(IOException e){
System.out.println(e);
}
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
Whenever we send request to date.jsp file container will
do the
following steps.
1. container will read userdefine tag (like date)
2. container will read userdefine tag "prefix" ( like
nit)
3. container will matched with taglib prefix
4. if both are matched container will read "uri"
(like customtags)
5. this uri is matched with web.xml file
<taglib-uri> of <taglib>of<jsp-config>
6.if both are matched container will
<taglib-location>information for .tld file
(like ourtaglib.tld) then controle goes to .tld file
location.
7. container will read about userdefine tag and its
taghandler class information in <tag>
8. finally controle goes our taghandler class
and doStartTag.
Program on custom action tags with attributes:
greet.jsp:
<html>
<body bgcolor='wheat'>
<%@ taglib prefix='nit' uri='customtags' %>
<nit:greet name="ram" age="35"/>
</body>
</html>
web.xml:
<web-app>
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
</web-app>
ourtaglib.tld :
<taglib>
<jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
<short-name>nit</short-name>
<tag>
<name>greet</name>
<tag-class>com.nit.GreetingHandler</tag-
class>
<body-content>empty</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>name</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>age</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
GreetingHandler.java:
package com.nit;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
public class GreetingHandler extends TagSupport{

private String name;
private int age;
return name;
}
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag()throws JspException{
try{
out.println("hello mr: "+name+"<br/>your
age is: "+age);
}
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("--------------");
}
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
Write program on custom action tags with body:

hello.jsp:
<html>
<body>
<%@ taglib prefix = "ex" uri = "customtags"%>
<ex:Hello >
This is my own tag body content
</ex:Hello>
</body>
</html>
web.xml:
<web-app>
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
</web-app>
ourtaglib.tld:
<taglib>
<jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
<short-name>ex</short-name>
<tag>
<name>Hello</name>
<tag-class>com.nit.HelloTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
</tag>
</taglib>
HelloTag.java:
package com.nit;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HelloTag extends SimpleTagSupport {

StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
@Override
public void doTag()throws JspException,
IOException {
getJspBody().invoke(sw);
out.println(sw.toString());
}
}
Web Module Architectures:

Mainly web module architectures are classified
into two types.
a. Model-1:
The bellow logics are always writing
within the one web component like
either Servlet or jsp.
1.Presentation logic
a. User input data
b. User output data
2.Data gathering logic
3.Validation logic
4.Session Tracking
5.Control logic.
6.Connection Pooling logic
7.Business logic
8.Persistence logic
9.Middle ware logics.
b. Model-2(MVC-1)
mvc1:
emp.html
<html>
<form action='./mvc'>
eno: <input type='text' name="eid"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>ControleServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/mvc</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
ControleServlet
import com.nit.Employee;
public class ControleServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest
req,HttpServletResponse res)throws
ServletException,IOException{
int eid =
Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("eid"));
Employee ebean = new Employee();
ebean.setEid(eid);
getServletContext().setAttribute("ebean",
ebean);
getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/view.js
p").forward(req, res);
System.out.println("from doGet");
}
Employee:
package com.nit;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Employee {

private int eid;
private String ename;
private int esal;
Connection con;
public Employee(){
try{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
con =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localh
ost:1521:xe","system","manager");
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("problem in empliyee
class");
}
}
public int getEid() {
return eid;
}
public void setEid(int eid) {
this.eid = eid;
result();
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public int getEsal() {
return esal;
}
public void setEsal(int esal) {
this.esal = esal;
}
public void result(){
Statement st;
try {
System.out.println("con"+con);
st = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select *
from employee");
rs.next();
ename=rs.getString(2);
esal = rs.getInt(3);
System.out.println("ename: "+ename);
System.out.println("esal: "+esal);
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("problem in result");
}
}
}
view.jsp
<html>
<body bgcolor='green'>
<%@ page import="com.nit.Employee" %>
<jsp:useBean id="ebean" class="com.nit.Employee"
scope="application"></JSP:useBean>
eno: <jsp:getProperty property="eid" name="ebean"/>
ename: <jsp:getProperty property="ename"
name="ebean"/>
esal: <jsp:getProperty property="esal" name="ebean"/>
<%= "controle comes here" %>
</body>
</html>
================================================
================
mvc:
login.html:
<form action='./login' method='post'>
<input type='password' name='password'/>
</form>
</body>
web.xml:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>logic</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>logic</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
LoginServlet.java
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import com.nit.LoginBean;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet{

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest
req,HttpServletResponse res)throws
ServletException,IOException{
String name = req.getParameter("name");
String password =
req.getParameter("password");
LoginBean bean = new LoginBean();
bean.setName(name);
bean.setPassword(password);
req.setAttribute("bean", bean);
boolean flag = bean.validate(password);
if(flag){
RequestDispatcher rd =
req.getRequestDispatcher("./sucess.jsp");
rd.forward(req, res);
}
else
{
RequestDispatcher rd =
req.getRequestDispatcher("./failure.jsp");
rd.forward(req, res);
}
}
LoginBean.java
package com.nit;
public class LoginBean {

String name;
String password;
return name;
}
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public boolean validate(String password){
if(password.equals("ram")){
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
}
failure.jsp:
this is failure JSP
sucess.jsp
<%@ page import="com.nit.LoginBean" %>
this sucess JSP

<% LoginBean bean = (LoginBean)
request.getAttribute("bean");
%>
<%= bean.getName()
%>
In java we can develop webapplication in the following
two models
1. Model1
2. Model2 (MVC)
Model1:
In this approach we are using either Servlet or jsp
as web component. In this model we are always writing
the logic within the either one Servlet or one JSP.
Disadvantages:
1. No clean separation between logics.
2. If we are doing modifications on one logic, those
modifications are effected to other logics.
3. Maintenance and enhancement is very complex.
4. Parallel development is not possible.
5. Project development is increases.
6. Productivity will be decreases.
7. It is not a layered architecture.
8. We (Programmer) must be aware about all
technologies.
9. It is not industry recommended approach
Advantages:
No parallel development no needs to use more
programmers. (Less human resources).
Model2:
We have types of architectures.
MVC-1:
Controller: The component which is behavior like
taking the request, validate the request, and to
destination resource and gathering the response
and finally handover to browser is called controller.
Model:
This is one java object, which is useful for
interacting with database and gathering the response
and handover to controller.
View:
It is useful for holding logic related view or
representation.
Disadvantages:
1. No Clear separation between logics
2. If we are doing modifications on one logic some
of the remaining logics also affected.
3. The problem here either Servlet or jsp will takes
all request and responses.
Advantages:
Compare model-1 this approach is some provides
modularity.
The drawbacks which we have in mvc-1 and model-1 we
can avoid all these things through MVC-2 architecture.
Expression Language:
It is simplifies the reading the data from bean
object and other implicit objects.
And also provides arithmetic,logical,relational
operations.
How to evaluates the expression in el:

<html>
<head>
<title>Expression language example1</title>
</head>
<body>
${1<2}
${1+2+3}
</body>
</html>
output
true 6
---------------------
Test.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>Expression language example2</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="display.jsp">
Student Name: <input type="text" name="stuname"
/><br>
Student RollNum:<input type="text" name="rollno"
/><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit Details!!"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
display.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>Display Page</title>
</head>
<body>
Student name is ${ param.stuname } <br>
Student Roll No is ${ param.rollno }
</body>
</html>
--------------------------------------------
reading the data from application scope:
Test.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>EL example3</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
application.setAttribute("author", "ramchandra");
application.setAttribute("Site", "Nareshit.com");
%>
<a href="display.jsp">Click</a>
</body>
</html>
display.jsp
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
${applicationScope.author}<br>
${applicationScope.Site}
</body>
</html>
------------------------
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<%
session.setAttribute("author", "ramchandra1");
session.setAttribute("Site", "Nareshit1.com");
%>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
${sessionScope.author}<br>
${sessionScope.Site}
</body>
</html>
---------------------------------------
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.setAttribute("author", "ramchandra2");
request.setAttribute("Site", "Nareshit2.com");
%>
${requestScope.author}<br>
${requestScope.Site}
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
${requestScope.author}<br>
${requestScope.Site}
</body>
</html>
------------------------------------------------
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.setAttribute("author", "ramchandra2");
request.setAttribute("Site", "Nareshit2.com");
pageContext.forward("/display.jsp");
%>
</body>
</html>
display.jsp:
<%= request.getAttribute("author") %>

author: ${requestScope.author}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JSTL
Java Server Pages Standard Tag Library
 Fast Development
 Code reusability
 No need to Scriptlet tag in JSP file
It will provides following tags like:
o core tags
o functional tags
o sql tags
o formating tags
o xml tags
Core Tags:
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"
prefix="c" %>
c:out:

prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Tag Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:out value="${'Advanced Java'} "/>
</body>
</html>
c:out like include

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/JSP/jstl/core"
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:import var="data" url="hi.txt"/>
<c:out value="${data}"/>
</body>
</html>
c:set
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="x" scope="session" value="${1000*5}"/>
<c:out value="${x}"/>
</body>
</html>
c:remove
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Core Tag Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="money" scope="session"
value="${4000*4}"/>
<p>Before Remove Value is: <c:out
value="${money}"/></p>
<c:remove var="money"/>
<p>After Remove Value is: <c:out
value="${money}"/></p>
</body>
</html>
c:catch
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:catch var ="e">

<% int x = 2/0;%>
</c:catch>
</c:catch>
<c:if test = "${e == null}">
<p>no exception</p>
</c:if>
<c:if test = "${e != null}">

<p>The type of exception is : ${e} <br />
There is an exception: ${e.message}</p>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
c:if
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="income" scope="session"
value="${4000*4}"/>
<c:if test="${income > 8000}" >
<p>My income is: <c:out value="${income}"/><p>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
<c:choose> <c:when> <c:otherwise>

prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="income" scope="session"
value="${4000*4}"/>
<p>Your income is : <c:out value="${income}"/></p>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${income <= 1000}">
good salary
</c:when>
<c:when test="${income > 10000}">
very good salary
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
Income is undetermined...
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</body>
</html>
c:forEach
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:forEach var="j" begin="1" end="3">
count <c:out value="${j}"/><p>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
:c:forTokens:
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:forTokens items="ram chandra rao" delims=" "
var="name">
<c:out value="${name}"/><p>
</c:forTokens>
</body>
</html>
c:url
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:url value="/index1.jsp" var="url">
<c:param name="a" value="10"/>
<c:param name="b" value="20"/>
</c:url>
${url}
</body>
</html>
c:redirect
prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="url" value="0" scope="request"/>
<c:if test="${url<1}">
<c:redirect url="http://www.google.com"/>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${url>1}">
<c:redirect url="http://www.facebook.com"/>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
Functional Tags:
contains:

prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Using JSTL Functions</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="String" value="Welcome to nareshit"/>
<c:if test="${fn:contains(String, 'nareshit')}">

<p>Found nareshit string<p>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${fn:contains(String, 'NARESHIT')}">

<p>Found NARESHIT string<p>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
containsIgnoreCase
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
uri="http://java.sun.com/JSP/jstl/functions"
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:if test="${fn:containsIgnoreCase(String, 'nareshit')}">

<p>Found nareshit string<p>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${fn:containsIgnoreCase(String,
'NARESHIT')}">
<p>Found NARESHIT string<p>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
endsWith
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:if test="${fn:endsWith(String, 'nareshit')}">

<p>yes<p>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${fn:endsWith(String, 'NARESHIT')}">

<p>NO<p>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
indexOf:
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="string1" value="It is first String."/>

<c:set var="string2" value="It is this second String."/>
<p>Index-1 : ${fn:indexOf(string1, "first")}</p>
<p>Index-2 : ${fn:indexOf(string2, "second")}</p>
</body>
</html>
trim:
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="str1" value="Welcome to JSP

programming "/>
<p>String-1 Length is : ${fn:length(str1)}</p>
<c:set var="str2" value="${fn:trim(str1)}" />

<p>String-2 Length is : ${fn:length(str2)}</p>
<p>Final value of string is : ${str2}</p>
</body>
</html>
startsWith
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Using JSTL Function</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="msg" value="The Example of JSTL
fn:startsWith() Function"/>
The string starts with "The": ${fn:startsWith(msg, 'The')}
<br>The string starts with "Example":
${fn:startsWith(msg, 'Example')}
</body>
</html>
split and join

prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="str1" value="Welcome-to-JSP-

Programming."/>
<c:set var="str2" value="${fn:split(str1, '-')}" />
<c:set var="str3" value="${fn:join(str2, ' ')}" />
<p>String-1 : ${str1}</p>
<c:set var="str4" value="${fn:split(str3, ' ')}" />
<c:set var="str5" value="${fn:join(str4, '-')}" />
</body>
</html>
toLowerCase:
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
<title> Using JSTL Function </title>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="string" value="WELCOME TO JSP
PROGRAMMING"/>
${fn:toLowerCase("HELLO,")}
${fn:toLowerCase(string)}
</body>
</html>
toUpperCase:
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="string" value="Welcome to JSP
Programming"/>
${fn:toLowerCase("hello,")}
${fn:toUpperCase(string)}
</body>
</html>
othermethods:
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib
prefix="fn" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="string" value="Welcome to JSP
Programming"/>
${fn:toLowerCase("hello")} <br/>
${fn:toUpperCase(string)} <br/>
${fn:substring(string, 5, 17)} <br/>
${fn:substringAfter(string, "to")}<br/>
${fn:substringBefore(string, "JSP")}<br/>
${fn:substringBefore(string, "JSP")}<br/>
Length of the String is: ${fn:length(str2)}
${fn:replace(string, "JSP", "JAVA SERVER PAGES")}
</body>
</html>
Formatting tags:
These tags are useful represents the Date
information in different format.
<%@ taglib prefix="c"
uri="http://java.sun.com/JSP/jstl/core"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt"
uri="http://java.sun.com/JSP/jstl/fmt"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>fmt:formatDate</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Different Formats of the Date</h2>
<c:set var="Date" value="<%=new java.util.Date()%>" />
<p>
Formatted Time :
<fmt:formatDate type="time" value="${Date}" />
</p>
<p>
Formatted Date :
<fmt:formatDate type="date" value="${Date}" />
</p>
<p>
Formatted Date and Time :
<fmt:formatDate type="both" value="${Date}" />
</p>
<p>
Formatted Date and Time in short style :
<fmt:formatDate type="both" dateStyle="short"
timeStyle="short"
value="${Date}" />
</p>
<p>
Formatted Date and Time in medium style :
<fmt:formatDate type="both" dateStyle="medium"
timeStyle="medium"
value="${Date}" />
</p>
<p>
Formatted Date and Time in long style :
<fmt:formatDate type="both" dateStyle="long"
timeStyle="long"
value="${Date}" />
</p>
sqltags:
prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/JSP/jstl/sql"
prefix="sql"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>sql:setDataSource Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<sql:setDataSource var="db"
driver="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"
url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521"
user="system" password="manager"/>
<sql:query dataSource="${db}" var="rs">

SELECT eid,ename,esal from employee
</sql:query>
<c:forEach var="table" items="${rs.rows}">

<c:out value="${table.eid}"/>
<c:out value="${table.ename}"/>
<c:out value="${table.esal}"/>
</c:forEach>
<sql:update dataSource="${db}" var="count">
INSERT INTO employee VALUES (102,'sam',4000)
</sql:update>
</body>
</html>
Xml tags:
X:out
uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="x"
uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>XML Tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Vegetable Information:</h2>
<c:set var="vegetable">
<vegetables>
<vegetable>
<name>onion</name>
<price>40/kg</price>
</vegetable>
<vegetable>
<name>Potato</name>
</vegetable>
<vegetable>
<name>Tomato</name>
</vegetable>
</vegetables>
</c:set>
<x:parse xml="${vegetable}" var="output"/>
<b>Name of the vegetable is</b>:
<x:out
select="$output/vegetables/vegetable[1]/name" /><br>
<b>Price of the Potato is</b>:
<x:out
select="$output/vegetables/vegetable[2]/price" />
</body>
</html>
Output:
Vegetable Information:
Name of the vegetable is: onion
Price of the Potato is: 30/kg
X:parse:
Xyx.xml:
<books>
<book>
<name>Three mistakes of my life</name>
<author>Chetan Bhagat</author>
<price>200</price>
</book>
<book>
<name>Tomorrow land</name>
<author>NUHA</author>
<price>2000</price>
</book>
</books>
Test.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>x:parse Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Books Info:</h2>
<c:import var="bookInfo" url="xyx.xml"/>
<x:parse xml="${bookInfo}" var="output"/>

<p>First Book title: <x:out
select="$output/books/book[1]/name" /></p>
<p>First Book price: <x:out
select="$output/books/book[1]/price" /></p>
<p>Second Book title: <x:out
select="$output/books/book[2]/name" /></p>
<p>Second Book price: <x:out
select="$output/books/book[2]/price" /></p>
</body>
</html>
X:set
<html>
<head>
<title>x:set Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Books Information:</h3>
<c:set var="book">
<books>
<book>
<price>200</price>
</book>
<book>
<author>Brad Bird</author>
<price>2000</price>
</book>
</books>
</c:set>
<x:parse xml="${book}" var="output"/>
<x:set var="fragment"
select="$output/books/book[2]/price"/>
<b>The price of the Tomorrow land book</b>:
<x:out select="$fragment" />
</body>
</html>
X:choose/x:when/x:otherwise
<html>
<head>
<title>x:choose Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Books Information:</h3>
<c:set var="xmltext">
<books>
<book>
<price>200</price>
</book>
<book>
<author>Brad Bird</author>
<price>2000</price>
</book>
</books>
</c:set>
<x:parse xml="${xmltext}" var="output"/>

<x:choose>
<x:when select="$output//book/author = 'Chetan
bhagat'">
Book is written by Chetan bhagat
</x:when>
<x:when select="$output//book/author = 'Brad
Bird'">
Book is written by Brad Bird
</x:when>
<x:otherwise>
The author is unknown...
</x:otherwise>
</x:choose>
</body>
</html>
X:if
<html>
<head>
<title>x:if Tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Vegetable Information:</h2>
<c:set var="vegetables">
<vegetables>
<vegetable>
<name>onion</name>
<price>40</price>
</vegetable>
<vegetable>
<name>Potato</name>
<price>30</price>
</vegetable>
<vegetable>
<name>Tomato</name>
<price>90</price>
</vegetable>
</vegetables>
</c:set>
<x:parse xml="${vegetables}" var="output"/>
<x:if select="$output/vegetables/vegetable/price <
100">
Vegetables prices are very low.
</x:if>
</body>
</html>

JSP (Udpate1)

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JSP (Udpate1)

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JSP

(Java Server Pages)

In Servlet we are using mainly two types of coding.

To communicating with JSP we don’t required any

Steps for developing JSP:

If we want to see PIC go and check in bellow folder:

The above methods are not called by servlet container

init(ServletConfig) --> calls ---> JspInit()

we can able to write JspInit() and JSPDestroy()

JSP implementation class structure:

1st request: JSP page is loaded-static block

How to configure JSP file in to web.xml file and what is

System.out.println("this _jspService method");

If we load .jsp file before request coming to server

If we are configuring JSP file with help of <servlet-

Scripting Tags: <%------%>

This is not a comment

/** int d = 444;

/** int d1 = 444;

/** int d2 = 444;

/** int d3 = 444;

4.declaration tag <%! ----%>(class level coding)

Example on declaration tag:

5. Scriptlet tag <% --- %> (_jspService(-,-)):

Example on scriptlet and expression tags:

%> --> html code

Communication between one .jsp file to other .jsp,

THIS IS NORMAL TEXT FILE

public class TestServlet extends GenericServlet{

res.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out

We have 9 implicit objects.

Where can we use implicit objects in jsp page?

How can we use config and context(application)

In _jspService(-,-) either we can use factory method

To place the data specific scope object

eno: <%=pageContext.getAttribute("eno") %><br/>

<%pageContext.setAttribute("cname", "mca1"); %>

C. Making communication with other .jsp file,

public class MyServlet extends GenericServlet{

For retrieving JSP implicit objects.

The above 9 objects are not working in JspInit() and

The common mistake is doing by the programmer is placing data in one

Special Test case on applicaton scope object:

END OF TEST5.jsp FILE

Call Test5.jsp file from different browser directly

Special Test case on session scope object:

END OF TEST5.jsp FILE

Special Test case on request scope object:

END OF TEST5.jsp FILE

Page Scope objects:

The parameter and value or different value (attributes) we

Within the one scope object we can able place multiple

We can also delete attributes from the scope objects.

How to read data from html in jsp:

To overcome this problem we we need to write again html code in .jsp

In above approach .html code repeated.

Making a request from browser URL like bellow

In the above approach also there is drawback like end