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Mathematics in Modern World

The document defines and provides examples of various geometric shapes and concepts in 2D and 3D space including polygons, solids, polyhedra, transformations, symmetries, tessellations, and traditional textile designs from the Mindanao region of the Philippines. Key terms include dodecagon, prism, pyramid, complex polygon, regular polygon, platonic solids, dilation, rosette pattern, freeze pattern, and cultural textile traditions from ethnic groups like the Maranao and Yakan.

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Yzza Biblanias
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211 views2 pages

Mathematics in Modern World

The document defines and provides examples of various geometric shapes and concepts in 2D and 3D space including polygons, solids, polyhedra, transformations, symmetries, tessellations, and traditional textile designs from the Mindanao region of the Philippines. Key terms include dodecagon, prism, pyramid, complex polygon, regular polygon, platonic solids, dilation, rosette pattern, freeze pattern, and cultural textile traditions from ethnic groups like the Maranao and Yakan.

Uploaded by

Yzza Biblanias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics in Modern World (Midterm) Dodecagon: 12 faces, 20 vertices and 30 edges

Polygon – two dimentional shape with straight Prism – sides are all flat
sides.
Pyramid – made by connecting base to the apex.
Simple Polygon – has only one boundary and
never cross over. Non-polyhedra – Solids with curve surfaces or a
mix of curved and flat surfaces.
Complex Polygon – intersects itself.
Sphere – a perfectly round object in a 3D space
Convex Polygon – has no angles pointing
inwards. Cylinder – 3D solid object bounded by a curved
surface and 2 parallel circles of equal size at the
Concave Polygon – any internal angles greater ends.
than 180 degrees.
Torus – formed by revolving a small circle along a
Regular Polygon – all sides and angles are equal. line made by another circle.

Irregular Polygon – all sides and angles are NOT Cone – made by rotating a triangle.
equal.
Transformation – a change of size, orienttaion or
Interior Angles of a Polygon – angles inside the position following certain techniques in Math.
shape.
*the original shape is called OBJECT and the
SOLIDS shape is called IMAGE.

- the geometry of three-dimentional space 1. Translation – every point of an object moves a


- 3D (width, depth, height) fixed distance ad given directions

Properties: Volume and surface area 2. Rotation – an object is rotated about a given
angle.
Types of Solids
3. Reflection – evry point of an object and its
1. Polyhedra image are of the same distance from the line of
2. Non-polyhedra – Solids with curve surfaces symmetry.
or a mix of curved and flat surfaces. (eg.
Spheres, torus, cones, cylinders) 4. Glide Reflection – a composition of translation
and reflection in aline parallel to the direction of
Polyhedron – solid made of flat surfaces; each translation.
surface is a polygon. (eg. Platonic solids, prisms,
pyramid) Types of Dilation (reduction and enlargement)

Platonic Solids – a convex polygon whose faces Dilation – a transformation of an object by


are all congruent convex regular polygons. resizing to either reduce or enlarge it about a point
in a given factors.
Tetrahedron: 4 faces and vertices and 6 edges
Symmetry Types
Cube: 6 faces, 8 vertices and 12 edges
1. Bilateral/line
Octahedron: 8 faces, 6 vertices and 12 edges 2. Three fold
Icosahedron: 20 faces, 12 vertices and 30 edges 3. Five fold
Rosette Pattern – the collection of all symmetries
of a plane figure.

2 types of Rosette Pattern

1. Cyclic – cyclic group has rotation


symmetry only a round a center point.
2. Dihedral – dihedral group has rotation
symmetry around a center point with
reflection lines thru the center point.

Freeze Pattern – an infinite strip with a repeating


pattern or sometimes a border pattern.

Tesselation – is a pattern of shapes that covers a


plane without any gaps or overlaps.

Mindanao Designs Arts Culture

Mandaya – at Davao Oriental; living pattern (ikat);


made of abaka.

Maranao – famous in bright colours of thick cloth.

 Malong - for special occasions are made of


high quality silk or cotton.
 Yellow Malong – include on high class or
royal group

Yakan – indigenous people tribe located at Basilan

Bagobos – at Davao; usually spotted wearing caps


with diff. Designs (hankies) during celebrations;
made from abaca.

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