Topic For Finacc&reporting

International Financial Reporting Standards
Presentation of Financial
Statements
IAS 1 (Revised)
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenter, not necessarily those of the IASB or
IFRS Foundation.
Agenda
• Objective of IAS 1 (Revised)

• Scope of IAS 1 (Revised)
• Objective of Financial Statements
• Components of Financial Statements
• Presentation requirements
• IFRIC 17 Distributions of Non-cash Assets to
Owners
• MCQs
Objective
• IAS 1 (Revised)
Objective of IAS 1 (Revised)
• The objective of IAS 1 is to prescribe

the basis for presentation of general
purpose financial statements, to
ensure comparability both with
a) the entity's financial statements of
previous periods and
b) with the financial statements of
other entities.
Objective of IAS 1 (Revised)
• IAS 1 sets out the overall requirements for
– the presentation of financial statements,
– guidelines for their structure and
– minimum requirements for their content.
• Standards for recognizing, measuring, and
disclosing specific transactions are
addressed in other Standards and
Interpretations.
Scope
• IAS 1 (Revised)
Scope of IAS 1 (Revised)
• Applies to all general purpose financial

statements based on International
Financial Reporting Standards.
• General purpose financial statements
are those intended to serve users who
are NOT in a position to require financial
reports tailored to their particular
information needs.
Objective of Financial
Statements
• IAS 1 (Revised)
Objective of Financial Statements
• To provide information about the financial

position, financial performance, and cash
flows of an entity that is useful to a wide
range of users in making economic decisions.
To meet
assets
that
objective, cash flows liabilities
financial
statements contributions by
provide and
distributions to
equity
information owners
about an
income and
expenses,
entity's: including gains
and losses
That information, along with other information in
the notes, assists users of financial statements
in predicting the entity's future cash flows and,
in particular, their timing and certainty.
Components of
Financial Statements
• IAS 1 (Revised)
Components of Financial Statements
• A complete set of financial statements should include:
1) Statement of Financial Position ”at the end of the
period”,
2) Single Statement of Profit or Loss and Other
Comprehensive Income “for the period” (or two
statements: Statement of Profit and Loss and Statement
of Other Comprehensive Income),
3) Statement of changes in equity ”for the period”,
4) Statement of Cash Flows “for the period”, and
5) Notes, comprising a summary of accounting policies and
other explanatory notes
• An entity must also present a statement of

financial position as at the beginning of the
earliest comparative period when:
– an accounting policy is applied retrospectively; or
– items are restated retrospectively; or
– when items are reclassified
Reports that are presented

outside of the financial
statements – Including
financial reviews by
management, environmental
reports, and value added
statements – are outside the
scope of IFRSs.
Presentation
Requirements
• IAS 1 (Revised)
Presentation Requirements
♣ General Features
♣ Statement of Financial Position
♣ Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive income
♣ Statement of Cash Flows
♣ Statement of Change in Equity
♣ Notes to The Financial Statements
General Features
General Features
Structure and Content of Financial Statements in General Clearly
identify:
• The financial statements must be clearly identified and
distinguished from other information in the same published
document.
• Each financial statement and the notes must be clearly identified
• In addition the following must be displayed prominently:
• name of the reporting entity;
• whether the financial statements are of an individual entity or a
group;
• reporting date;
• presentation currency (as defined in IAS 21); and
• level of rounding used (thousands, millions, etc.)
General Features
Fair Presentation and Compliance with IFRSs
• The financial statements must "present fairly" the
financial position, financial performance and cash flows
of an entity.
• Fair presentation requires the faithful representation
of the effects of transactions, other events, and
conditions in accordance with the definitions and
recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and
expenses set out in the Framework.
• IAS 1 requires that an entity whose financial statements
comply with IFRSs make an explicit and unreserved
statement of such compliance in the notes.
• Departure from a requirement might be required
(extremely rarely).
General Features
• In extremely rare cases compliance with an IFRS
requirement would be so misleading as to conflict with the
objective of financial statements set out in “The Framework”
• Rebuttable presumption – there is no conflict where other
entities in similar circumstances comply with the requirement
In assessing whether conflict exists

management must consider:
• why the objective is not achieved in the
particular circumstances; and
• how the entity’s circumstances differ from those
of other entities that comply with the
requirement
General Features
Fair Presentation and

Compliance with IFRSs
• Inappropriate accounting
policies are NOT rectified
either by
• disclosure of the
accounting policies used
or
• by notes or explanatory
material.
General Features
Going Concern
• An entity preparing IFRS financial statements

is presumed to be a going concern.
• If management has significant concerns about
the entity's ability to continue as a going
concern, the uncertainties must be disclosed.
• If management concludes that the entity is
NOT a going concern, the financial statements
should NOT be prepared on a going concern
basis, in which case IAS 1 requires a series of
disclosures.
General Features
Accrual Basis of Accounting
IAS 1 requires that an entity prepare its financial statements, except for cash
flow information, using the accrual basis of accounting.
Consistency of Presentation
The presentation and classification of items in the financial statements shall
be retained from one period to the next unless a change is justified either
by a change in circumstances or a requirement of a new IFRS.
General Features
Materiality and Aggregation
• Preparation of financial statements involves processing a large

number of transactions and aggregating these into classes
according to their nature or function
• The final stage in the process is the presentation line items on the
face of the financial statements
• Guidance
• Each material class of similar items must be presented
separately
• Items of a dissimilar nature or function must be presented
separately unless they are immaterial
• If a line item is not individually material it is aggregated with
other items
• A specific disclosure requirement in IFRS need not be satisfied
if the information is not material
General Features
Offsetting
• Assets and liabilities, and income and expenses,

must not be offset unless required or permitted by
IFRS
• IAS 32 (Financial Instruments: Presentation)
contains rules on the offset of financial assets and
financial liabilities which require offset when (and
only when) an entity:
• has a legal right to set off; and
• intends to settle on a net basis; or
• to realise the asset and settle the liability
simultaneously
General Features
Comparative Information
• IAS 1 requires that comparative information

shall be disclosed in respect of the previous
period for all amounts reported in the
financial statements, both face of financial
statements and notes, unless another
Standard requires otherwise.
• If comparative amounts are changed or
reclassified, various disclosures are
required.
General Features
• There is a presumption that financial

statements will be prepared at least
annually.
• When an entity changes the end of its
Reporting reporting period (resulting in financial
statements covering a period longer or
Period shorter than one year) it must disclose:
• the reason for using a longer or shorter
period, and
• the fact that amounts presented in the
financial statements are not entirely
comparable
Statement of Financial
Position
Statement of Financial Position
An entity must normally present a
classified statement of financial position,
separating current and noncurrent assets
and liabilities.
Only if a presentation based on liquidity

provides information that is reliable and
more relevant may the current/noncurrent
split be omitted.
Current assets
• are cash; cash equivalent; assets held for collection,

sale, or consumption within the entity's normal
operating cycle; or assets held for trading within the
next 12 months. All other assets are noncurrent.
Current liabilities
• are those to be settled within the entity's normal

operating cycle or due within 12 months, or those
held for trading, or those for which the entity does
NOT have an unconditional right to defer payment
beyond 12 months. Other liabilities are noncurrent.
When a long-term debt is

expected to be refinanced
under an Existing loan facility
and the entity has the
discretion, the debt is
classified as Non-current,
even if due within 12 months.
• If a liability has become payable on demand because an
entity has breached an undertaking under a long-term loan
agreement on or before the reporting date, the liability is
CURRENT, even if the lender has agreed, after the
reporting date and before the authorization of the
financial statements for issue, NOT to demand payment
as a consequence of the breach.
• However, the liability is classified as NON-CURRENT if the
lender agreed by the reporting date to provide a period of
grace ending at least 12 months after the end of the
reporting period, within which the entity can rectify the
breach and during which the lender cannot demand
immediate repayment.
On 3 May 2012, the (IASB) issued

amendments to IAS 1 which clarifies
that a liability is classified as NON-
CURRENT if an entity expects, and
has the discretion, to refinance or roll
over the obligation for at least 12
months after the reporting period
under an existing loan facility with
the same lender and on the same or
similar terms.
• IAS 1 does NOT prescribe the format of the
Statement of Financial Position. Assets can be
presented current then noncurrent, or vice versa, and
liabilities and equity can be presented current then
noncurrent then equity, or vice versa. A net asset
presentation (assets minus liabilities) is allowed.
• Certain items (“line items”) must be shown on the face
of the statement of financial position as a minimum:
– additional line items, headings and sub-totals are presented
when relevant to an understanding of financial position;
Statement of Profit or
Loss and Other
Comprehensive Income
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Other
Comprehensive
Profit or Loss
Income
for that period
recognized in
that period.
Total Comprehensive
income for a period
• All items of income and expense
recognized in a period must be included in
profit or loss unless a Standard or an
Interpretation requires otherwise.
• Some IFRSs require or permit that some
components to be excluded from profit or
loss and instead to be included in other
comprehensive income.
The components of other comprehensive

income include:
• Changes in revaluation surplus (IAS 16 and IAS 38)
• Actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit plans
recognized in accordance with IAS 19
• Gains and losses arising from translating the financial
statements of a foreign operation (IAS 21)
• Gains and losses on remeasuring available-for-sale
financial assets (IAS 39)
• The effective portion of gains and losses on hedging
instruments in a cash flow hedge (IAS 39).
An entity has a choice of presenting:
a single statement of profit or loss and

other comprehensive income or two
statements:
a statement of other
a statement of profit or loss comprehensive income that
displaying components of begins with profit or loss and
profit or loss and displays components of other
comprehensive income
Certain items must be disclosed separately either in

the statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income or in the notes, if material,
including:
• Write-downs of inventories to net realizable value or of property,
plant and equipment to recoverable amount, as well as reversals
of such write-downs.
• restructurings of the activities of an entity and reversals of any
provisions for the costs of restructuring
• disposals of items of property, plant and equipment
• disposals of investments
• discontinuing operations
• litigation settlements
• other reversals of provisions
• No items may be presented in the statement of profit or
loss and other comprehensive income (or in the
statement of profit or loss, if separately presented) or in
the notes as ‘extraordinary items’.
• Expenses recognized in profit or loss should be
analyzed either by nature (raw materials, staffing costs,
depreciation, etc.) or by function (cost of sales, selling,
administrative, etc).
• If an entity categorizes by function, then additional
information on the nature of expenses – at a minimum
depreciation, amortization and employee benefits
expense – must be disclosed.
Revenue X
Expenses (X)
Share of profit of associate X
Profit before tax X
Income tax expense (X)
Profit from continuing ops X
Loss from discontinued ops (X)
PROFIT FOR THE YEAR X
May be two separate
statements
Other comprehensive income:
AFS assets X
Revaluation (X)
OCI before tax X
Tax relating to OCI (X)
OCI after tax X
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME X
IAS 1
Revenue X
Expenses (X)
Profit before tax X
AFS assets X
Revaluation (X) These are analysed into amounts
OCI before tax X attributable to owners of the parent
and to the NCI
Tax relating to OCI (X)
OCI after tax X
IAS 1
Revenue X
Expenses (X)
Profit before tax X
AFS assets X
The components of
OCI could also be
Revaluation (X)
presented as net of tax
OCI before tax X amounts rather than
Tax relating to OCI (X) gross with tax
OCI after tax X deducted
IAS 1
• The amount of income tax relating to each

component of other comprehensive income must be
disclosed either in the statement of profit or loss
and other comprehensive income or in the notes
• Components of other comprehensive income may
be presented either:
– net of related tax effects; or
– before tax with one amount shown for the aggregate
amount of income tax relating to those components
IAS 1
Statement of Cash
Flows
Statement of Cash Flows
IAS 1 refers to IAS 7

Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Changes
in Equity
Statement of Changes in Equity
IAS 1 requires an entity to present a statement of changes in
equity as a separate component of the financial statements.
The statement must show:
• total comprehensive income for the period, showing
separately amounts attributable to owners of the parent and to
non-controlling interests
• the effects of retrospective application, when applicable, for
each component
• reconciliations between the carrying amounts at the beginning
and the end of the period for each component of equity,
separately disclosing:
• profit or loss,
• each item of other comprehensive income, and
• transactions with owners.
Sh. cap. Ret. CTD AFS CFH Total NCI Total equity
earn’s
Balance b/f X X X X X X X X
Changes in acc policy
(X) (X) (X) (X)
Restated X X X X X X X X
Changes in equity in
year:
Share issue X X
Dividends (X) (X) (X)
Total comprehensive
income
X X X X X X X
Balance c/f X X X X X X X X
Disclosed in Statement of profit or loss and other

comprehensive income
• The amount of dividends recognised as distributions to
owners during the period, and the related amount per
share must be disclosed either in the statement of
changes in equity or in the notes
Notes to the Financial

Statements
Notes to the Financial Statements
IAS 1 suggests that the notes should normally be presented in the
following order:
• a statement of compliance with IFRSs
• a summary of significant accounting policies applied, including:
• the measurement basis used in preparing the financial statements
• the other accounting policies used
• supporting information for items presented on the face of the
statement of financial position, statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement
of cash flows, in the order in which each statement and each line item
is presented
• other disclosures, including:
• contingent liabilities (see IAS 37) and unrecognized contractual
commitments
• non-financial disclosures, such as the entity's financial risk
management objectives and policies (see IFRS 7)
Disclosure of key sources of
estimation uncertainty.
• An entity must disclose, in the notes,
information about the key assumptions
concerning the future, and other key sources
of estimation uncertainty at the end of the
reporting period, that have a significant risk of
causing a material adjustment to the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities within the
next financial year.
• These disclosures do not involve disclosing
budgets or forecasts
• the amount of dividends proposed or

Disclosures
about Dividends
declared before the financial statements

were authorized for issue but not recognized
as a distribution to owners during the period,
and the related amount per share and the
amount of any cumulative preference
dividends not recognized.
• Capital Disclosures
– An entity should disclose information about its
objectives, policies and processes for managing
capital.
IFRIC 17 Distributions of
Non-cash Assets to
Owners
• IAS 1 (Revised)
IFRIC 17 Distributions of Non-cash
Assets to Owners
• IFRIC 17 Distributions of Non-cash Assets to

Owners applies to the entity making the distribution,
NOT to the recipient. It applies when non-cash
assets are distributed to owners or when the owner
is given a choice of taking cash in lieu of the non-
cash assets.
Assets to Owners
IFRIC 17 clarifies that:
• A dividend payable should be recognized when the dividend is

appropriately authorized and is no longer at the discretion of the entity
• An entity should measure the dividend payable at the fair value of the
net assets to be distributed
• An entity should remeasure the liability at each reporting date and at
settlement, with changes recognized directly in equity
• An entity should recognize the difference between the dividend paid
and the carrying amount of the net assets distributed in profit or loss,
and should disclose it separately
• An entity should provide additional disclosures if the net assets being
held for distribution to owners meet the definition of a discontinued
operation.
Assets to Owners
• IFRIC 17 applies to pro rata distributions of non-

cash assets (all owners are treated equally) but
does not apply to common control transactions.
MCQs
• IAS 1 (Revised)
MCQ 1
• Which of the following reports is not a

component of the financial statements
according to IAS 1?
A. Statement of financial position.

B. Statement of change in equity.
C. Director’s report.
D. Notes to the financial statements.
MCQ 2
• Which of the following information is not specifically a
required disclosure of IAS 1?
A. Name of the reporting entity or other means of

identification, and any change in that information from the
previous year.
B. Names of major/significant shareholders of the entity.
C. Level of rounding used in presenting the financial
statements.
D. Whether the financial statements cover the individual entity
or a group of entities.
MCQ 3
• Which one of the following is not required to be

presented as minimum information on the face
of the statement of financial position, according
to IAS 1?
A. Investment property.
B. Investments accounted under the equity method.
C. Biological assets.
D. Contingent liability.
MCQ 4
• Under IFRS, operating expenses on the statement of
profit or loss and other comprehensive income may be
classified by?
I. Nature.
II. Function.
A. I or II.
B. I only.
C. II only.
D. Neither I nor II.
MCQ 5
• Where revaluation surplus are (gains) shown in the financial
statements?
I. Statement of financial position.
II. Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
III. Statement of change in equity.
IV. Statement of cash flows.
A. All of the above.

B. II only.
C. I, II and III.
D. II and III.

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International Financial Reporting Standards

• Objective of IAS 1 (Revised)

• The objective of IAS 1 is to prescribe

• Applies to all general purpose financial

• To provide information about the financial

• An entity must also present a statement of

Reports that are presented

In assessing whether conflict exists

Fair Presentation and

• An entity preparing IFRS financial statements

• Preparation of financial statements involves processing a large

• Assets and liabilities, and income and expenses,

• IAS 1 requires that comparative information

• There is a presumption that financial

Only if a presentation based on liquidity

• are cash; cash equivalent; assets held for collection,

• are those to be settled within the entity's normal

When a long-term debt is

On 3 May 2012, the (IASB) issued

The components of other comprehensive

An entity has a choice of presenting:

a single statement of profit or loss and

Certain items must be disclosed separately either in

• The amount of income tax relating to each

IAS 1 refers to IAS 7

Disclosed in Statement of profit or loss and other

Notes to the Financial

• the amount of dividends proposed or

declared before the financial statements

• IFRIC 17 Distributions of Non-cash Assets to

IFRIC 17 clarifies that:

• A dividend payable should be recognized when the dividend is

• IFRIC 17 applies to pro rata distributions of non-

• Which of the following reports is not a

A. Statement of financial position.

A. Name of the reporting entity or other means of

• Which one of the following is not required to be

A. All of the above.

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