1.

Sets

Practice Set:1.1
Q.1:Write the following sets in roster form.

1. Set of even numbers.

Ans: A={2,4,6,8,10,12.........}

2. Set of even prime numbers from 1 to 50.

Ans: E={2}

3. Set of negative integers.

Ans: A={-1,-2,-3,.........}

4. Seven basic sounds of Sargam (sur).

Ans: S={sa,re,ga,ma,pa,dha,ni}

Q.2:Write the following symbolic statements in words.

4 ϵQ
1. ___

Ans: __4 is an element of set Q.

/3
3
2. -2 ϵ N

Ans: -2 is not an element of set N.

3. P={p|p is an odd number.}

Ans: Set P is a set of all p’s such that p is an odd number.

Q.3: Write any two sets by listing method and by rule method.

Ans: Rule Method.

C={y|y are days of week.}

v={x|x are vowels of alphabets from a to z.}

Listing Method.

C={Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.}

V= {a,e,i,o,u}
Q.4: Write the following sets using listing method.

1. All months in the Indian solar year.

Ans: I ={Chaitra, Vaishakh, Jyeshth, Ashadh, Shravan, Bhadra, Ashwin, Kartik, Agrahayan,
Paush, Magh, Phalgun.}

2. Letters in word ‘COMPLEMENT’.

Ans: X={C,O,M,P,L,E,M,E,N,T}

3. Set of human sensory organs.

Ans: H={Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, Skin}

4. Set of prime numbers from 1 to 20.

Ans: P={1,3,5,7,11,13,17,19}

Q.5: Write the following sets using rule method.

1. A={1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100}

Ans: A={x|x=n2,nϵN, n≤10}

2. B={6,12,18,24, 30, 36, 42, 48}

Ans: A={x|x=6n, nϵN, n<9}

3. C={S,M,I,L,E}

Ans: C={x|x is a letter in word ‘SMILE’.}

4. D={Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.}

Ans: D={y|y is a days of week.}

5. X={a,e,t}

Ans: X={x|x is a letter in word ‘eat’.}

Practice set 1.2

Q1) Decide which of the following are equel sets and which not ?

Justify your answer

1) A={x|3x-1=2}

Answer) A={x|3x-1=2}

3x-1=2
3x=2+1

3x=3

x=3

A=1 A={1} (1)

2) B={x|x is a natural number but x is neither prime nar composite.}

Answer) B={x|x is a notural number x is neither prime nor composite}

Solutions for this case in only 1becouse there is no natural number

+ composite

B={1} (2)

3) c= {x|x E N ,X<2}

Answer ) c={x|xEN,X<2} c = {1} (3)

C is the set of all x is that is x is an elements of natural number x is lesser than 2(which is
equal to 1)

A=B=C from (1), (2) and (3)

Q2) Decide whether set A and B are equal set .Give reason for your answer .

1) A=Even prime numbers

2) B= {x|7x -1=13}

answer) A={2}

7X-1=13

7X=13+1

7x=14

x=14/7 x=2

B={2} A=B (as they contain exactly same elements)

Q3) Which of the following are empty sets? why?

1) A= {a|a is natural number smaller than zero.}

Answer) A={0} or 0

smallest natural number is 1

2) ={x|x=0}

answer) ={o}

3) {x|5x-2=0,X E N}

5x-2=0

5x=2

x=2\5

2\5 is not a natural number.

C={0} or 0

Q: Write with reasons, which of the following sets are finite or infinite.

1) A={x|x<10 is a natural number } A={ 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9}

Answer) It is finite

2) B={y|y<-1,y is an integer} B={ …………..,-3, -2, -1}

Answer) It is infinite

3) C=set of students of class 9from your school.

Answer) It is finite

4) Set of people from your village.

Answer) It is finite

5) Set of apparatus in laboratory.

Answer) It is finite

6) Set of whole numbers.

Answer) It is infinite

7) Set of rational number.

Answer) It is infinite
 Practice set 1.3
1)If A={a,b,c,d,e},B={c,d,e,f,}C={b,d},D={a,e}

Then which of the following statement are true and which are false?

(1)C_B (2)A_D (3)D_B (4)D_A (5)B_A (6)C_A

Solutions:-

(1)C_B

Ans)False

(2)A_D

Ans)False

(3)D_B

Ans) False

(4)D_A

And) True

(5)B_A

Ans) False

(6)C_A

And) True

2) Take the set of natural numbers from 1 to 20,as universal set and show set x and y using
Venn diagram.

1)x={x|x € N,and 7<x<15}

Ans)U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}

X={8,9,10,11,12,13,14}

------------------------------------------------
____________________________

2)y={y|y € N, y is prime number from 1 to 20}

Ans)y={ 2,35,7,11,13,17,19}

___________________________

___________________________

3)U={1,2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12}

P={1,3,7,10}

Then(1)show the sets U,P and P' by Venn diagram

(2)verify (p')'=P

Ans) U={1,2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12 }

P={1,3,7,10}

P'={2,8,9,11,12}

_______________

_______________

4)A={1,3,2,7}then write any three subset of A.

Ans)B={3,2,7} , C={1,2,7} ,D={1,3,7}

5)write the subset relation between the sets.

P is the set of all resident in Pune.

M is the set of all resident in Madhya pradesh

I is the set of all resident in Indore

B is the set of all resident in India

H is the set of all resident in Maharashtra

Ans) P_H
 M_B

I _M

H_B

P_B

I_B

ii)which set can be the universal set for above sets?

Ans )set B can be the universal set for above sets.

6)Which set of number could be the universal set for

the sets given below?

i) A=set of multiples of 5

Ans ) A=5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50.

ii) B=set of multiples of 12

Ans ) B=12,24,36,48,60,72,84,96,108,120.

iii) C=set of multiples of 7

Ans ) C=7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63,70.

(ii)P= set of integers which are multiples of 4.

T=set of all even square numbers.

Ans) N,W,I any of these sets

7) let all the students of a class in an universal set.let set A be the students who secure 50% or
more marks in maths.Then write the complement of set A.

Ans)Set of students getting marks less then 50% in Maths.

Practice Set 1.4

Q1. If n (A)=15, n (A ᴗ B) 29, n ( A ᴖ B) =7 then n (B) = ?

Ans:- n (A ᴗ B) = n (A) + n (B) - n (A ᴖ B)

29 = 15 + n (B) - 7

29 + 7 - 5 = n (B)
 36 -15 = n (B)

21 = n (B)

Q2 . In a hostel there are 125 students, out of which 80 drink tea, 60 drink coffee and 20
drink tea and coffee both. Find the number of students who do not drink tea or coffee ?

Ans:- Let the total no. Of students = 125

Let T be the set of students who drinks tea.

Let C be the set of students who drinks coffee.

Hence, the no. Of students who DRINK is tea or coffee.

In ( T ᴗ C )

n ( T ᴗ C ) = 125

Number of students who drinks both tea and coffee = n ( T ∩ C )

n (T) = 80, n ( C ) = 60.

We know n (A ᴗ B) = n (A) + n (B) - n ( A ᴖ B )

n ( T ᴗ C ) = n (t) + n (c) - n ( T ᴖ C )

n ( T ᴗ C ) = 80 + 60 - 20

n ( T ᴗ C ) = 140 - 20

n ( T ᴗ C ) = 120

The no. Of students who do not take tea or coffee

= n ( Total number of students ) - n ( T ᴗ C )

125 - 120

Ans:- =5

The number of students who do not drinks tea or coffee are 5.

Q 3. In a competitive exam 50 students passed in English. 60 students passed in

Mathematics. 40 students passed in both the subject. None of them fail in both the subject.
Find the numbers of students who passed at least in one of the subject ?

Ans:- Let E be the set of students who passed in English n = 50

Let M be the set of students who passed in Mathematics n = 60

Hence, the no. Of students who passed both. Subject (E ᴗ M)

 n (E ᴗ M) = n (E) + n (M) - n (E ᴖ M)

n (E ᴗ M) = 50 + 60 - 40

n (E ᴗ M) = 110 - 40

n(E ᴗ M) = 70

Total 70 students passed at least in one subject.

Problem set 1

(1) Choose the correct alternative answer for each of the following

questions.

(i) If M ={1,3,5}, N ={2,4,6}, then M N=?

(A) {1,2,3,4,5,6} (B) {1,13,5} (C) (D) {2,4,6}

Ans:

(ii) P={x|x is an odd number, 1<x< 5}

How to write this set in roster form?

(A) {1,3,5} (B) {1,2,3,4,5} (C) {1,3} (D) {3,5}

Ans: {3,5}

(iii) P = {1,2,........., 10}, What type of set P is ?

(A) Null set (B) Infinite set (C) Finite set (D) None of these

Ans: Finite set

(iv) M U N = {1,2,3,4,5,6} and M = {1,2,4} then which of the following

represent set set N ?

(A) {1,2,3} (B) {3,4,5,6} (C) {2,5,6} (D) {4,5,6}

Ans: {3,4,5,6}

(v) If P ≤ M, then Which of the following set represent P M

(P M)?

(A) P (B) M (C) P M (D) P` M

Ans: P

(vi) Which of the following sets are empty sets ?

(A) set of intersecting points of parallel lines (B) set of even prime numbers.

(C) Month of an english calendar having less than 30 days.

(D) P = {x | x € I, -1<x<1

Ans: set of intersecting points of parallel lines

(2) Find the correct option for the given question.

(i) Which of the following collection s is a set ?

(A) Colours of the rainbow (B) Tall trees in the school campus.

(C) Rich people in the village (D) Easy examples in the book

Ans:Colours of the rainbow

(ii) Which of the following set represent N W?

(A) {1,2,3, ......} (B) {0,1,2,3, .....} (C) {0} (D) { }

Ans: {1,2,3, ......}

(iii) P = {x | x is a letter of the word 'indian' } then which one of the following

is set P in listing form ?

(A) {i,n,d} (B) {i,n,d,a} (C) {i,n,d,I,a} (D) {n,d,a}

Ans: {i,n,d,a}

(iv) If T = {1,2,3,4,5} and M = {3,4,7,8} then T M=?

(A) {1,2,3,4,5,7} (B) {1,2,3,7,8} (C) {1,2,3,4,5,7,8} (D) {3,4}

Ans: {1,2,3,4,5,7,8}

Practice set 2.2

(1)Show that 4√2 is irrational number.

Ans: Let us suppose that 4√2 is a rational number.

𝑎
∴ 4√2 = 𝑏
, (b = 0), a and b are integers.
 𝑎
√2 = ……… (1)
4𝑏

(4) Write any three rational numbers between the two numbers give below.

(i) 0.3 and -0.5

1
[0.3+ (-0.5)]
2

1
= (0.3-0.5)
2

1
= (-0.2)
2

=-0.1
1
= (-0.1=0.3)
2

1
= (0.2)
2

= 0.1
1
= [-0.1+ (-0.5)]
2

1
= 2 (-0.1-0.5)

1
= (-0.6)
2

= -0.3

Ans:-0.3,-0.1 & 0.1 are the three rational number between 0.3 & -0.5.

(ii) -2.3 and -2.33

-2.3 = -2.300

-2.33 =-2.330
1
= [-2.300+ (-2.330)]
2

1
= (-2.300-2.330)
2

1
= (-4.630)
2

= 2.315
1
= [-2.315+(-2.300)]
2
 1
= (-2.315-2.300)
2

1
= (-4.615)
2

=-2.3025
1
= [-2.315+ (-2.330)]
2

1
= 2 (-2.315-2.330)

1
= (-4.645)
2

= 2.3225

Ans:-2.3225,-2.315 &-2.3025 are the three rational numbers between -2.3 & -2.33.

(iii) 5.2 and 5.3

Ans: The three rational numbers between 5.2 and 5.3 are5.21, 5.22, 5.23.

(iv)-4.5 and -4.6

Ans: The three rational numbers between -4.5 and -4.6 are -4.51,-4.52,-4.53.

PRACTICE SET :2.3

Sr. No: Surds Order
1 3√ 7 3
2 5√12 5
3 4 √10 4
4 √39 2
5 3 √18 3

Question :- State the order of the surds given below.

Question : State which of the following are surds.

1. ∛5
2. ∜16
3. 5√81
4. √256
5. 3√64
 6. √22/7

1, 2, & 6 are surds. Because the radicands are positive rational numbers and the order of the
surds, n>1.

4 and 5 are not surds.

4√16 = (16) ¼ =( 25)¼ = 2 which is not an irrationalnumber.

√256 = (256) ½ = (16 2)=16 which is not an irrational number.

3√64 = (64) 1/3 = (4 3) 1/3 = 4 which is not an irrational number.

Question : Classify the given pairs of surds into like surds are unlike surds.

1. √52 , 5√13

Solution : √13 × 4 , 5√13

2√13 , 5√13 are like surds.

1. √68 , 5√3

Solution : √17 × 4 , 5√3 They have equal order but radicands

2√17, 5√3 Are different are unlike surds.

2. 4√18 , 7√2

= 4 √9 ×√2

=4 ×√9 × √ 2

=4×3× 2

= 12√ 2

= 12√2 and 7√2 are like surds.

3. 19√12 , 6√3

= 19 × √4 × 3

= 19 ×√4 ×√3
 = 19 × 2 ×√3

= 38√3

= 38√ 3 and 6√3 are like surds.

4. 5√ 22 , 7√33

5√22 , 7 33 have their order equal but radicands are different .

Simplify the following surds.

1. √ 27

= √9 × 3

= √9 × 3

= 3√3

2. √50

= √ 25 × 2

= √25 × 2

= 5 √2

3. 250

= √25 × 10

= √25 ×√10

= 5√10

4. 112
=√4 × 42

= √ 4 × √42

= 2 √ 42

Question : compare the following pairs of surds.

1. 7√ 2 , 5√3

49 ×√2 , 25 ×√3

98 > 75

7 √2 > 5 √3

2. 247 , 274
247 < 274

3. 2 7 , 28
4×7, 28

28 = 28

2 7 = 28

4. 5 5 , 7 2
25 × 5 , 49 × 2

25 × 5 , 49 × 2

125 > 98

5 5 > 7 2
 5. 4 42 , 9 2
16 × 42 , 81 × 2

16 × 42 , 81 × 2

672 , 162

672 > 162

4 42 > 9 2

6. 5 3 , 9
25 × 3 , 81

25 × 3 , 81

75 < 81

5 3 < 9

Practice set 2.4

1) Multiply.

(i) √3 (√7-√3)

Solution: =√3×√7-√3×√3

=√3×7-√3×3

=√21-√9

=√21-3

(ii) (√5-√7)√2

Solution: =√5×√2-√7×√2

=√5×2-√7×2

=√10-√14

(iii) (3√2-√3)(4√3-√2)
Solution: 3√2(4√3-√2)-√3 (4√3-√2)

3√2×4√3-3√2×√2-√3×4√3+√3×√2

12√2×3-3×√2×2-4√3×3+√6

=12√6-3×√4 -4√9+√6

=12√6-3×2-4×3+√6

=12√6-6-12+√6

=12√6+√6-6-12

=13√6-18

2) Rationalize the denominator.

(i) 1

√7×√2

Solution: The conjugate pair of √7+√2 is √7−√2

1 × √7-√2

√7+√2 √7-√2

= √7-√2

(√7)2-(√2)2

= √7-√2

7-2

= √7-√2

(ii) 3

2√5-3√2

Solution: The conjugate pair of 2√5-3√2 is 2√5+3√2

 3 × 2√5+3√2

2√5-3√5-3√2 2√5+3√2

= 3 (2√5+3√2)

(2√5)2-(3√2)2

= 3 (2√5+3√2)

4×5-9×2

= 3 (2√5+3√2)

20-18

= 3 (2√5+3√2)

(iii) 4

7+4√3

Solution: The conjugate pair of 7+4√3 is 7-4√7-43

4 × 7-4√3

7+4√3 7-4√3

= 4 (7-4√3)

(7)2-(4√3)2

= 4×7-4×4√3

49 -16×3

= 28-16√3

49-48

= 28-16√3