RIZAL LAW (R.A. 1425) Objectives: 1. Identify the reasons for the study of the life of Rizal. 2, Recognize the trials that the Rizal Law faced, 3. Enumerate several issues about Rizal, 4. Relate the passing of the Rizal Law to the present legislative condition of Philippines. House Bill No. 5561 Senate Bill No. 438 AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING and DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of aur history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died; WHEREAS, it is met that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character; WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of Patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused; WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach the duties of citizenship; Now, therefore, Ss The Life and Works of Jose Rizal |SECTION 1., Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private: Provided, that in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as basic texts. The Board of National Education is hereby authorized and directed to adopt forthwith measures to implement and carry out the provisions of this Section, including the writing and printing of appropriate primers, readers and textbooks. The Board shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate rules and regulations, including those of a disciplinary nature, to carry out and enforce the provisions of this Act. The Board shall promulgate rules and regulations providing for the exemption of students for reasons of religious belief stated in a sworn written statement, from the requirement of the provision contained in the second part of the first paragraph of this section; but not from taking the course provided for in the first part of said paragraph. Said rules and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days after their publication in the Official Gazette. SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal's other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities. The Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the number of books, depending upon the enrollment of the school, college or university. SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country. The Life and Works of Jose Rizal 5SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment o, repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and other person engaged in any public school. SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not otherwise appropriateg in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act. SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved: June 12, 1956 THE TRIALS OF THE RIZAL BILL The Republic Act 1425 or known as the Rizal Bill underwent a very harsh feedback which resulted to long disputes when it was first proposed in the House of Representatives. Senate Bill No. 438 authored by Claro M. Recto was filed by the Committee on Education on April 3, 1956 and was supported by all but three of the members of the Upper House and seemed, to all appearances, a non-controversial measure. But when on April 17, 1956, Senator Jose P. Laurel, as Chairman on the Committee on Education, began his sponsorship of the measure the rumbles of the gathering storm sounded an ominous warning. This was to mark the start of long-drawn disputations, both enlightened and acrimonious, that would engross and divide the nation for three tense weeks (Laurel, 1960). According to Laurel (1960), “Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo must be read by all Filipinos. They must be taken to heart, for in their pages we see ourselves as in a mirror; our defects as well as our strength, our virtues as well as our vices. Only then would be become conscious as a people, and so learn to prepare ourselves for painful sacrifices that ultimately lead to self-reliance, self-respect, and freedom.” The defense of Senator Laurel silenced some of the antagonists of the bill. However, faithful Catholics looked at the measure as an attempt to discredit their religion. They find the Noli and EI Fili as containing views inimical to the tenets of their faith; they particularly challenged the compulsory nature of the bill as violative of religious freedom (Jose B. Laurel, 1960). What caused the Senate Bill No. 438 became a subject for dispute was because of the compulsion of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. The Catholic elements would insist that it should not be a compulsory reading for the novels contain attacks on the Catholic Church and its clergy. They would not want the students, especially those coming from the Catholic schools, be demoralized. Thus, Senator Laurel 6 ‘The Life and Works of Jose Rizalrevised the measure by allowing not only the reading of the Noli and Fili but also other related books written about Rizal. Moreover, the compulsory reading was also removed and exempt students from not taking the course for reasons of religious belief. Since the reading of the Noli and Fili is not anymore compulsory, Senator Laurel added in his motion to ensure that the reading of the novels should be in its unexpurgated or original form. After months of standoff, the bill was filed, authored by Sen. Jose P. Laurel, based on the proposals of Senators Roseller Lim and Emmanuel Pelaez. On June 12, 1956, the Republic Act No. 1425 (Rizal Law) came into effect. ISSUES AGAINST RIZAL If you are a popular Filipino public figure, the interest to scrutinize your private life is far higher than your contributions to the society. One may blame it to the “crab-mentality” of the Filipinos, or just their keen eye to notice flaws and inconsistencies. In the case of Rizal, numerous issues were raised against him. The following are selected issues over the life of Rizal, carefully arranged from nonsense to sensible issues depending on the readers’ perspective. Issues hinge to Rizal range such as from being the father of Adolf Hitler and Mao Zedong, having an illegitimate child from a short-lived relationship with Seiko Usui (O-Sei-san). Suspected as Jack the Ripper in London, being a pro-Spanish, his work on the treatment and cure of the bewitched, American sponsored hero, the comparison between Rizal and Andres Bonifacio-whose humble beginnings, lack of a European education, and his execution-has traditionally been the underdog compared to other heroes like Jose Rizal; Aguinaldo, or Apolinario Mabini. It is difficult to compare heroes, rather it would be better to look at their contribution to the formation of the Filipino nation-state. If Rizal did really retract at the last hour of his life, he would be contradicting himself on such action. Lastly, the issue on the creation of the so-called R.A. 1425 commonly known as Rizal Law where the life and works of Rizal be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public and private. On the issue of having various affairs, Rizal was involved on two remarkable occasions resulted to misunderstandings. One of which was his involvement with the daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga Y Rey (whom was smitten to one of his daughters), Consuelo Ortiga Y Rey. As an expression of his desire to such beauty, he wrote a poem entitled, A la Senorita C.O.y.R which resulted to a conflict, not that he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera, to his fellow | The Life and Works of Jose Rizal |reformist Eduardo de Lete who was also madly mesmerized by the beauty op the Sefiorita. Second is with Nellie Boustead, Rizal having lost Leonor River, entertained the thought of courting other ladies. While a guest of the Bousteag family at their residence in the resort city of Biarritz, he had befriended the two pretty daughters of his host, Eduardo Boustead. Rizal used to fence with the sisters at the studio of Juan Luna. Antonio Luna, Juan's brother also a frequent visitor of the Bousteads, courted Nellie but she was deeply infatuated wig Rizal. Ina party held by Filipinos in Madrid, a drunken Antonio Luna uttereg unsavory remarks against Nellie Boustead. This prompted Rizal to challenge Luna into.a duel. Fortunately, Luna apologized to Rizal, thus averting tragedy of the compatriots. On the allegation of Rizal being a pro-Spanish, it was because of the alleged advice to the Katipunan during the visit of Pio Valenzuela, a doctorand member of the Katipunan. Pio made two separate statements regarding the advice on two different occasions what really Rizal advised during his visit in Dapitan regarding the planned revolution. First statement, according to Pio, was that the revolution is not a possible solution, and it will only result to destruction, Second, that the Katipunan is not ready, and that what the society should do is to train, ask a financial support from wealthy Filipinos. On that matter, it leads us to compare Bonifacio, Aguinaldo to Rizal as more appropriate to be considered as a national hero. The most puzzling issue is the question whether Rizal really retracted or not, since there are a lot conflicting issues involving him. It would be better to recall some points in his life that would help us come to a sound judgment. It is necessary, as a point of reflection, to show such instances we are able to participate the possible decision made by Rizal as he was presented with the retraction at the last hour of his life, his conflicts, such as the incident with Antonio Luna and with the French businessman in Dapitan, which could have led to bloody end of fate if not been intervened, and the validity of his marriage to Josephine Bracken. These instances in Rizal's life are not exclusive considerations but only due to limited references. It is important to put into mind that a hero is a human being. A hero is @ product of his time, a product of his environment which includes his society, his surroundings, and the conditions prevalent at his time. A hero's frailties might surface but such frailties should not distract in studying his life. In capsule, we have to give more weight on the contribution of the hero for the betterment of this country. “The Life and Works of Jose RIM!Namer «Clasp Schedules ——___._ Historian at Work! Exercise la. The Rizal Law and Issues against Rizal A. Answer the following questions intelligently. The rubric below will serve as the general guide for scoring the answers. In accordance to academic freedom, the teacher reserves the right to change the scoring as he/she pleases. Evident control of Precise, Sharp and | Substantial, | Sophisticated specific andor illustrative distinct arrangement | illustrative | grammar, spelling of content and and usage of with evident controlling point about the topic. plentiful | sentence formation content. or subtle variety transitions. | of words used. Sufficient | Sufficient control of variety of words Sufficient | Functional Apparent arrangement grammar, spelling with logical orders. point content with and usage of adequate elaboration. made with used. | sentence formation. sufficient control. Minimal control of Minimal | Superficial | Minimal point given. | points control of variety elaborated. | arrangement | of words grammar, spelling and usage of sentence formation. 1. Why isit important to study the life of our heroes? 2. Discuss your ideas/opinions of Rizal’s works and the reason for being considered a hero? 3. What urged the protagonists of the Rizal Bill to file such motion? 4. Are the issues on the R.A. 1425 still pertinent on the present conditions of the Philippines? 5. In the context of the 1950's, why was the Catholic Church strongly opposed to the Senate Bill 438? ‘The Life and Works of Jose RizalHistorian at Work! Exercise 1b. The Rizal Law and Issues against Rizal Class Schedule: a B. Discuss your views or opinions on the following statements. Use the same rubric in page 9 in scoring the answers. In accordance to academic freedom, the teacher reserves the right to change the scoring as he/she pleases. 08 | Sharpand | Substantial, | Sophisticated | Precise, | Evident contro} distinct specific arrangement | illustrative of grammar, controlling | and/or of content and spelling and point about | illustrative | withevident | plentiful | usage of sentence the topic. | content. or subtle variety of formation. transitions._| words used. os | Apparent | sufficient | Functional | sufficient. | Sufficient contrat point content | arrangement | varietyof | of grammar, made with | with with logical | wordsused. | spelling and sufficient | adequate orders, Usage of sentence control.__| elaboration. formation. 02 | Minimal | Superficial | Minimal controt | Minimal. | Minimal contro! pointgiven.| points | of arrangement | varietyof | of grammar, elaborated words used. | spelling and usage of sentence formation. 1. Heroes are not born, they are made. 2. Given our present-day conditions, R.A 1425 helps remind Filipinos to re-dedicate their ideals of freedom and nationalism. 3. A public figure or a celebrity's private life is far more interesting than their contributions in the society. eo ee 10 “The Life and Works of Jose RitNew Class Schedule: Historian at Work! Exercise 1c. The Rizal Law and Issues against Rizal C. Read the article below. Write an essay identifying interesting points of the article, your personal opinions and reactions to it. The rubric below will serve as the general guide for scoring the answers. In accordance to academic freedom, the teacher reserves the right to change the scoring as he/she pleases. 6 | sharpand | substantial, | sophisticated | Precise, distinct | specific | arrangement | illustrative controling | and/or | of content | and plentiful point about | illustrative | with evident } variety of the topic. | content, | orsubtle | words used, transitions. Evident control of grammar, spelling and usage of sentence formation. % | Apparent | Sufficient | Functional | Sufficient point content | arrangement | varietyof | ofgrammar, made with | with | withlogical | wordsused. | spelling and sufficient | adequate | orders. usage of sentence control,_| elaboration, formation. Sufficient control 2 | Minimat | Superficial | Minimal} Minimal pointgiven.] points | controlof | variety of elaborated. | arrangement | words used Minimal controt of grammar, spelling and usage of sentence formation. I | The Life and Works of Jose Rizal nTHE RIZAL LAW AND THE CATHOLIC HEIRARCHY (Constantino, Renato, 1969. The Rizal Law and the Catholic hierarchy In The making of a Filipino: A story of Philippine colonial politics, 244-295 Quezon City: The Author.) Recto’s next big fight was over the Rizal bill. Though this did not affect our colonial relations with America, his championship of this measure was an integral part of his nationalism. It was his belief that the reading of Rizal’s novels would strengthen the Filipinism of ‘the, youth and foster patriotism. Recto was the original author of the bill which would make Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo compulsory Teading in all universities and colleges. Reported out by the committee on education, it was sponsored by Senator Laurel, committee chairman The measure immediately ran into determined opposition from the Catholic hierarchy spearheaded in the Senate by Senators Decoroso Rosales, brother Archbishop, now Cardinal Rosales, Mariano I Cuenco, brother of Archbishop Cuenco; and Francisco Rodrigo, former president of Catholic Action. Their argument was that the bill would violate freedom of conscience and religion. The Catholic hierarchy even issued a pastoral letter detailing its objections to the bill and enjoining Catholics to oppose it, despite the fact that public hearings had already been conducted. Rodrigo proposed that the education committee hold a closed-door conference with the Catholic hierarchy to search for a solution to the dispute. Laurel and the other supporters of the bill rejected the proposal in as much as the public hearing had already afforded the church the opportunity to be heard fully. Recto said that the father Recto Cavanna of the Paulist Fathers, who had written the pastoral letter, had himself testified against the bill. Lobbies from various Catholic organizations as well as the clerics themselves were very active in the Senate throughout the discussion of the Rizal bill. These clerics, many of them foreigners, were seeking conferences with senators to convince them to oppose the Rizal bill. el “The Life and Works of Jose #?‘A more organized campaign over the bill was launched under the auspices of the Catholic Action Manila. Its first activity was a symposium and open forum in which two announcements were made; first, that the Sentinel, special organ of Philippine Catholic Action, would henceforth be published daily instead of weekly, and second, that the Filipino Catholics would be urged to write their senators and congressmen asking them to “kill” the Rizal bill. Speakers at the symposium offered them a variety of objections of the measure. Fr. Jesus Cavanna, introduced as an authority on Rizal, said that the novels “belong to the past” and it would be “harmful” to read them because they presented a “false picture” of conditions in the country at that time. He described the Noli Me Tangere “as an. attack to the clergy” and said “its object was to put to ridicule the Catholic Faith.” He alleged that the novel was not really patriotic because out of 333 pages only 25 contained patriotic passages while 120 were devoted to Catholic attacks. Jesus Paredes, a radio commentator, declared that since some parts of the novels had been declared “objectionable matter” by the hierarchy, Catholics had the right to refuse to read them so as not to “endanger salvation.” Narciso Pimental, Jr, another radio commentator, offered the interesting speculation that the bill was Recto’s revenge against the Catholic voters who, together with Magsaysay, were responsible for his poor showing in the 1955 Senatorial elections. ‘Against the background of bitter oppositions, one can more fully appreciate the integrity and courage of Recto in championing the bill. He stubbornly persisted in his defense, unmindful of the fact that he was antagonizing a vital electoral element. On the three-hour speech on the senate floor, he attacked the hierarchy of the Catholic church for its pastoral letter. He declared that the pastoral letter had been “more severe” in its condemnation of the novel than a committee on Spanish Dominican priests whose findings had resulted in Rizal's execution. In support of his contention, he brought up the fact that the pastoral letter had cited 170 passages from. the Noli and 50 from the Fili which it regarded as attack to the doctrines and dogmas of the Catholic church. He said he could understand the foreign clergy taking such a position but he found it difficult to understand how Filipino bishops “who will not be Bishops now were it not for Rizal” could adopt such stand when Rizal exalted the Filipino clergy in his novels. | ‘The Life and Works of Jose Rizal BRodrigo interpellated the speaker and in the process found himseg the butt of Recto’s salllies, to the delight of the gallery. Rodrigo said he had read the books at twenty after securing special dispensation from, church authorities. Having taken advanced scholastic philosophy ang religion, he declared his faith was then firm enough. “But I cannot allow my son who is now 16 to read the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismy lest he lose his faith,” Rodrigo said. He proposed instead compulsory Teading of footnoted editions of the novels. Commenting on the opening paragraph of the pastoral letter which, praised Rizal as our greatest hero, Rector charged that these laudatory phrases were being used “to hide the real intentions of the pastoral which is to separate the people from Rizal.” When Rodrigo agreed to his appeal to the people to scrutinize the pastoral letter, Rodrigo said this would arouse the people to oppose the measure. Rector retorted that on the contrary the reading of the hierarchy’s letter “should open the eyes of the people to the real enemies of Rizal and true nationalism.” While others were beginning to yield to pressure, no threats could frighten Recto. In reply to a threat that Catholic schools would close should the Rizal bill pass, Recto went on record in favor of the nationalization of all schools. He contended that nationalization would be just the step needed to foster a more vibrant nationalism among Filipinos. He really did not believe the threat. “They are making too much profit which they can ill-afford to give up,” he said. ‘Tempers flared during the continuous debates and opponents attacked each other with greater virulence. Recto was in the thick of the fight, his tirades against the church growing ever more bitter. On May3, ina privilege speech, he recalled that during the days of Rizal, religious orders dominated the government. “Is this a new attempt to deliver the church to the State?” he asked. Reacting to a Philippine News Service report that Bishop Manuel Yap, had warned that legislators who voted for the Rizal Bill would be punished in the next election. Recto took the floor for the seventh time to warn against the church interference in state affairs. He branded Yap as “the modern-day Torquemada.” The Life and Works of Jose Bia!Finally, on May 12, the month-old controversy ended with unanimous approval of a substitute measure authored by Senator Laurel and based on the proposals of Senators Roseller T. Lim and Emmanuel Pelaez. The bill as passed was clearly an accommodation to the objections of the Catholic hierarchy and Laurel said it as much. Though it still provided that the basic texts in the collegiate courses should be the unexpurgated editions of the two novels, it was now possible for students to be exempted from using the unexpurgated editions on grounds of religious belief. Opponents of the original Recto version jubilantly claimed a “complete victory.” Proponents felt they had at least gained something. The Life and Works of Jose Rizalas Philippines During Rizal’s Time - ‘The Rizal Family Years and Education Rizal’s NationalismTHE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZALS TIME Objectives: ies 1. Identify the conditions in the Philippines during Rizal's time, 2. Relate these conditions to the present day Philippines Before Jose Rizal was considered as the first Asian nationalist, he was, bor hundred years ago and before his time in a small town in Laguna, he inspire a hundredfold Filipino leading to the first nationalist revolution in Asia whic, after his execution our country became the first Asian to win independeng, from Western colonialism. It would be fitting to consider the conditions durin, his time that contributed in forging his perspectives in life. The following ay, instability of colonial administration, corrupt colonial official, no Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes, human rights denied to Filipinos, ng equality before the law, maladministration of justice, racial discrimination, frailocracy, forced labor, haciendas owned by the friars and Guardia Civil ¢ (Zaide and Zaide, 2014). Instability of Colonial Administration Theinstability of Spanish politicssince the turbulentreign of King Ferdinand Vl started the political unrest in Spain. The government experienced changes owing to resentful struggles between the forces of despotism and liberalism This political instability in Spain affected Philippine affairs for it brought frequent periodic shifts in colonial policies and a periodic rigodon of colonial Officials. The change of colonial officials hampered the political and economic development of the Philippines. Corrupt Colonial Officials With a handful exception, colonial officials sent by Spain to watch over the progress of the island were corrupt, incompetent, and cruel representing the decadence of the Spanish culture in the 19th century. Most of them were ignorant and wasteful in the use of resources, They conducted themselves with arrogance and superiority because of their skin and long noses. They became rich by illegal means or by marrying the heiresses of rich Filipino families. sc Rist ‘The Life and Works of JosNo Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes To win the support of the overseas colonies during the Napoleonicinvasion, Spain granted each a representation in the Cortes (Spanish parliament). In the case of the Philippines, Ventura de los Reyes, was the first delegate, who took partactively in framing Spain’s first democratic constitution. Unfortunately, the representation of the overseas colonies was abolished in 1837 which resulted into growing abuse of power because Filipino people could not expose the anomalies happening in the island. Human Rights Denied to Filipinos Spanish Constitution of 1812 and in succeeding years, the Spanish people enjoyed freedom of speech, of the press, of association and other human rights (except religion). Surprisingly, the Spanish authorities in the Philippines denied them to the Filipinos that even speaking ill to the government and to the church was punishable by death No Equality Before the Law The Spanish missionaries forced Filipinos into Christianity and theatrically entertained the people by the idea that regardless of color and race, they are children of God and such that they are brothers and equal, leading to more Filipinos becoming Christians. In practice, the Spanish missionaries did not implement the Christ's precepts but rather arrogantly regarded the Filipino as. inferior beings and subject for exploitation. Maladministration of Justice ‘The Spanish judges, fiscals (prosecuting attorneys), and other court officials were incompetent, corrupt and ignorant of the law leading to the Philippine justice system imposed as partial, biased and slow. Wealth, social prestige and color of skin were factors in winning a case in court. Regardless of the weight of evidence, a rich man or a Spaniard easily achieved victory in court litigation. A specific instance of Spanish maladministration of justice was the infamous case of Juan de la Cruz in 1886-1898, On the night of June 7, 1886, two men were brutally killed in their sleep at the waterfront of Cavite. The next day, Juan de la Cruz was arrested on mere suspicion and without further investigation and proper trial, he was jailed for 12 years. When the Americans landed in Cavite after the battle of Manila Bay, they found him in jail still awaiting trial. | The Life and Works of Jose Rizal 19Racial Discrimination Spanish authorities regarded Filipinos as inferior beings who. wore undeserving of the rights and privileges that the Spaniards enjoyed. win, such unchristian perspective, many Spaniards called the brown-skinned ang flat noses Filipinos as “Indios”, Racial prejudice was prevalent everywhere. government, in the courts of justice, social circles, educational institutions, and in the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Frailocracy Due to the political union of Church and State, there arose a unique form of government in Hispanic Philippines called “frailocracy” means a government of friars. History would tell us that since the days of the Spanish conquest, the friars (Augustinians, Franciscans, and Dominicans) controlled the religious ang educational life of the island, and which later came to acquire political power, influenice, and riches. The friars practically dictated the Spanish government in the Philippines through a facade of civil government. Aside from being a Priest, friars were also the arbiters of morals, the censors of books and stage plays, supervisors of local officials and guardians of peace and order. Due to their immense political influence, their recommendations were heeded by the governor-general and the provincial officials. Power certainly fortified the friars. In 1719, angry at an attempted civil undermining of their control, they assassinated the Spanish governor of the archipelago, Fernando Bustamante, which signaled a warning to future civil administrators. Forced Labor Known as polo y servicio, a compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities on adult Filipino males in the construction of churches, schools, hospitals, building and repair of roads, of ships in the shipyards; and other public works. Filipinos who were wealthy were able to escape the manual labor by paying the falla, a sum of money paid to the government to be exempted from the polo. Filipinos hated the forced labor because of abuses and unequal treatment causing inconvenience and suffering to the common people. It disturbed their work in farms and shops because they were compelled t© work far from their homes and towns, 1 ‘The Life and Works of Jose RizHaciendas Owned by the Friars Spanish friars coming from various religious orders (Augustinians, Dominicans and Franciscans) were the richest landlords, owning large and best producing agricultural lands in the Philippines. The rural folks, who had been around before the coming of the friars became tenants. Rizal, whose family relatives were tenants in the Dominican estate of Calamba, tried to initiate agrarian reforms. His advocacy was considered a threat in which the friars retaliated by increasing the rentals of the lands leased by his family and other Calamba tenants. Guardia Civil One of the most hated Spanish symbol of tyranny in the Philippines was the Guardia Civil. It was created for the purpose of maintaining peace and order in the Philippines. The Guardia Civil became infamous for their rampant abuses such as maltreating innocent people and looting their valuable belongings. Officers were ill-trained and undisciplined. As to the condition outside of the Philippines, the 19th century was a century of change. The ideas of the philosophers such as Englishman John Locke, David Hume, Rene Descartes, and Jean-Jacques Rosseau spread around the world like a fire. The time of Rizal saw the emerging Western imperialism. While the imperialist powers were enjoying the fruits of their colonial ventures and achieving global prestige, Spain became stagnant as a world power. Most of its colonies like Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Honduras and other parts of South and Central America had riser arms against Spanish tyranny and achieved their independence. | The Life and Works of Jose Rizal a |Name: —_—_______ Historian at Work! Class Schedule: i Exercise 2a. Philippines During Rizal's Time A. Read each question/statement carefully and answer intelligently. T), rubric below will serve as the general guide for scoring the answers, Tn accordance to academic freedom, the teacher reserves the right to change the scoring as he/she pleases. os | sharpand | Substantial, | Sophisticated distinct | specific ana/} arrangement controlling | or illustrative | of content with point about | content. | evident or subtle the topic, transitions. Precise, | Evident contro! illustrative } of grammar, and spelling and plentiful | usage of sentence variety formation of words, used 05 | Apparent | sufficient | Functional | Sufficient | Sufficient contra point | content with} arrangement | variety of grammar, made with | adequate | withlogical | ofwords | spelling and sufficient | elaboration orders. used. | usage of sentence control formation 02 | Minimal | Superficial | minimal control | Minimal | Minimal contr pointgiven.| points | ofarrangement | variety | + of grammer, elaborated ofwords | spelling and used. | usage of sentence L formation 1, Why itis important to know the conditions during the time of Rizal? 2. How would you describe the general conditions of the Philippines during the tyrannical Spanish time? 3. Compare and contrast the government of the Philippines during th Spanish period with our present government. 4.. Is there a best government for the people? Justify your answer. “The Life and Werks of Joe!Name: —— ClassSchedules ——___.... B. Read the statements below. Match the given statements to the ones inside the box by writing the letters on the space provided. a. instability of colonial 9. no Philippine representation in administration the Spanish Cortes b. corrupt colonial officials h. human rights denied to Filipinos © no equality before the law i. racial discrimination d. maladministration of Justice j,_haciendas owned by the friars, e. frailocracy k. forced labor f Guardia Civil 1. It was created for maintaining peace and order. 2. Freedom of expression was being denied to Filipinos. 3. Itregarded Filipinos as inferior which resulted into unfair trial. 4 Due to misrepresentation in the Spanish Cortes, abuses had been prevalent. 5. Spanish officials became rich by illegal means. 6. Due to frequent change in leadership, it hampered political and economic development. 7. Most officials in the Spanish colonial government were incompetent and ignorant of the law, resulting to unjust administration of justice. 8, Spaniards called the brown-skinned men and flat nose Filipinos as Indios. 9. Due to political union of church and state, a unique form of government arose in the Hispanic Philippines. 10. It was a compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities. | The Life and Works of Jose Rizal 2BTHE RIZAL FAMILY Objectives: 1. Be acquainted with the Rizal family. ; 2. Identify significant events that happened to Rizal and his family especially dui. his early years, The Rizal’s were descendants of Domingo Lam-