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    Roman Roman

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    Ithiel Louise Almario Zabala
    Rome became heavily influenced by Greek culture starting around the 8th century BCE, adopting Greek architecture, art, and literature. This influx of Greek wealth and culture led to conflicts between Roman generals and senators. The Roman Republic then collapsed in the 1st century BCE amid civil wars, giving rise to the Roman Empire. Several notable structures were built during this period, including the Temple of Portunus in the 1st century BCE, the Colosseum started under Vespasian in the 1st century CE, and the Pantheon rebuilt by Hadrian in the 2nd century CE. These buildings demonstrate the integration of Italian and Greek architectural styles that characterized ancient Roman construction.

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    Roman Roman

    Uploaded by

    Ithiel Louise Almario Zabala
    48 views18 pages
    Rome became heavily influenced by Greek culture starting around the 8th century BCE, adopting Greek architecture, art, and literature. This influx of Greek wealth and culture led to conflicts between Roman generals and senators. The Roman Republic then collapsed in the 1st century BCE amid civil wars, giving rise to the Roman Empire. Several notable structures were built during this period, including the Temple of Portunus in the 1st century BCE, the Colosseum started under Vespasian in the 1st century CE, and the Pantheon rebuilt by Hadrian in the 2nd century CE. These buildings demonstrate the integration of Italian and Greek architectural styles that characterized ancient Roman construction.

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    Rome became heavily influenced by Greek culture starting around the 8th century BCE, adopting Greek architecture, art, and literature. This influx of Greek wealth and culture led to conflicts between Roman generals and senators. The Roman Republic then collapsed in the 1st century BCE amid civil wars, giving rise to the Roman Empire. Several notable structures were built during this period, including the Temple of Portunus in the 1st century BCE, the Colosseum started under Vespasian in the 1st century CE, and the Pantheon rebuilt by Hadrian in the 2nd century CE. These buildings demonstrate the integration of Italian and Greek architectural styles that characterized ancient Roman construction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    48 views18 pages

    Roman Roman

    Uploaded by

    Ithiel Louise Almario Zabala
    Rome became heavily influenced by Greek culture starting around the 8th century BCE, adopting Greek architecture, art, and literature. This influx of Greek wealth and culture led to conflicts between Roman generals and senators. The Roman Republic then collapsed in the 1st century BCE amid civil wars, giving rise to the Roman Empire. Several notable structures were built during this period, including the Temple of Portunus in the 1st century BCE, the Colosseum started under Vespasian in the 1st century CE, and the Pantheon rebuilt by Hadrian in the 2nd century CE. These buildings demonstrate the integration of Italian and Greek architectural styles that characterized ancient Roman construction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    ROMAN (735

    BCE- 337 CE)


    Rome became very Greek influenced or
    “Hellenized,” filled with Greek architecture,
    literature, statues, wall-paintings, mosaics, pottery
    and glass. But with Greek culture came Greek gold,
    and generals and senators fought over this new
    wealth. The Republic collapsed in civil war and the
    Roman empire began. Republican Roman
    architecture was influenced by the Etruscans who
    were the early kings of Rome; the Etruscans were
    in turn influenced by Greek2 architecture.
    The Temple of
    Portunus

    “Temple Of Fortuna Virilis”. The temple’s design incorporates


    elements from several architectural traditions. From the Italic
    tradition it takes its high podium (one ascends stairs to enter the
    pronaos), and strong frontality. From Hellenistic architecture
    comes the Ionic order columns, the engaged pilasters and columns.

    The Temple of Portunus, dating to the first century B.C., is a rare


    survivor of Roman Republican architecture and a reminder of the
    former magnificence of the Forum Boarium, a major commercial
    area along the banks of the Tiber in antiquity.

    3
    ✣ constructed in the first century BC
    ✣ was built to honor the god Portunus, who was
    the god of trade and harbor.
    ✣ The temple of Portunus is made of tufa
    (volcanic rock) and travertine.
    4
    The early Roman Empire consisted of two dynasties :
    the Julio-Claudians (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula,
    Claudius, and Nero) and the Flavians (Vespasian, Titus,
    and Domitian). Each dynasty made significant
    contributions to the architecture of the capital city
    and the Empire.
    The first Roman emperor, Augustus, enacted a
    program of extensive building and restoration
    throughout the city of Rome. He famously noted that
    he “found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of
    marble.” 5
    Flavian Amphitheater

    The Colosseum, is an ancient, elliptical


    sports arena in the centre of Rome,
    and the largest ever built in the
    Roman Empire. It is considered one of
    the greatest works of Roman
    architecture and engineering, and the
    most recognizable symbol of the
    Eternal City itself. Located just east of
    the Roman Forum, its construction
    started in 72 CE under emperor
    Vespasian and was completed in 80 CE
    under6 his son, Titus.
    ✣ Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty commissioned the
    colosseum as a gift to the Roman people.
    ✣ The Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public
    spectacles such as animal hunts, mock sea battles, re-enactments
    of famous battles, executions 7and dramas.
    Arch of Titus

    Following his brother’s death, Domitian erected a triumphal arch


    over the Via Sacra, on a rise as the road enters the Republican
    Forum. The Arch of Titus honors the deified Titus and celebrates
    his victory over Judea in 70 CE. The arch follows the standard
    forms for a triumphal arch, with an honorific inscription in the
    attic, winged Victories in the spandrels , engaged columns, and
    more sculpture which is now lost.The arch was constructed using
    Pentelic marble, with the attic part in Luna marble. The original
    inscription on the east side of the arch is still in situ, although
    originally the letters would have been inlaid with gilded bronze.

    8
    ✣ The popular emperor was soon deified by the Roman Senate.
    Emperor Domitian, Titus's brother and successor, commissioned
    the construction of the Arch of Titus that same year to honor his
    late brother and to commemorate the victory in the Jewish War.
    The arch was dedicated in 85 AD with large festivities.
    9
    10
    The Roman Pantheon

    is the most preserved and


    influential building of ancient
    Rome. It is a Roman temple
    dedicated to all the gods of
    pagan Rome. As the brick
    stamps on the side of the
    building reveal it was built
    and dedicated between A.D
    118 and 125.

    11
    ✣ The Pantheon as we know it today was built in 120 AD by Emperor
    Hadrian Who was passionate with architecture and designed it
    together with Apollodorus of Damascus.

    12
    13
    The Arch of Constantine
    is located along the Via Triumphalis in
    Rome, and it is situated between the
    Flavian Amphitheater (better known as
    the Colosseum) and the Temple of
    Venus and Roma. This location was
    significant, as the arch was a highly
    visible example of connective
    architecture that linked the area of the
    Forum Romanum (Roman Forum) to
    the major entertainment and public
    bathing complexes of central Rome.14
    ✣ It was erected by the Roman
    Senate to commemorate
    Constantine I's victory over
    Maxentius at the Battle of
    Milvian Bridge in 312.
    Dedicated in 315, it is the
    largest Roman triumphal arch.

    15
    Aula Palatina
    In 1856, the Aula Palatina became a Protestant
    church. In 1944, the building burned due to an
    air raid of the allied forces during World War
    II. When it was repaired after the war, the
    historical inner decorations from the 19th
    century were not reconstructed, so that the
    brick walls are visible from the inside as
    well.The Aula Palatina was built around AD
    310 as a part of the palace complex. Originally
    it was not a free standing building, but had
    other smaller buildings (such as a forehall, a
    vestibule and some service buildings) attached
    to it. The Aula Palatina was equipped with a
    floor- and wall-heating system 16
    ✣ at Trier, Germany is a Roman palace basilica that was commissioned by
    the emperor Constantine I (AD 306–337) at the beginning of the 4th
    century.
    ✣ The Aula Palatina was built around AD 310 as a part of the palace
    complex. Originally it was not a free standing building, but had other
    smaller buildings (such as a forehall, a vestibule and some service
    buildings) attached to it. The Aula Palatina was equipped with a floor-
    and wall-heating system 17
    END

    18

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