Impulse and momentum provides a relationship between velocity and force. Impulse is defined as force integrated over time, while momentum is defined as mass multiplied by velocity. For rigid bodies, there are two types of momentum: linear momentum, which depends on mass and velocity, and angular momentum, which depends on mass moment of inertia and angular velocity. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. Examples of impulse and momentum problems involving collisions between objects are also provided.
Impulse and momentum provides a relationship between velocity and force. Impulse is defined as force integrated over time, while momentum is defined as mass multiplied by velocity. For rigid bodies, there are two types of momentum: linear momentum, which depends on mass and velocity, and angular momentum, which depends on mass moment of inertia and angular velocity. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. Examples of impulse and momentum problems involving collisions between objects are also provided.
Impulse and momentum provides a relationship between velocity and force. Impulse is defined as force integrated over time, while momentum is defined as mass multiplied by velocity. For rigid bodies, there are two types of momentum: linear momentum, which depends on mass and velocity, and angular momentum, which depends on mass moment of inertia and angular velocity. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. Examples of impulse and momentum problems involving collisions between objects are also provided.
Impulse and momentum provides a relationship between velocity and force. Impulse is defined as force integrated over time, while momentum is defined as mass multiplied by velocity. For rigid bodies, there are two types of momentum: linear momentum, which depends on mass and velocity, and angular momentum, which depends on mass moment of inertia and angular velocity. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. Examples of impulse and momentum problems involving collisions between objects are also provided.
IMPULSE and MOMENTUM provides a relationship between velocity and force.
AnIMPULSE is a force integrated over
time, while MOMENTUM is a product of mass and velocity
Momentum – For a rigid body there are
two types of momentums that could be applied. These are linear momentum and angular momentum. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Linear Momentum is based on the rigid body’s velocity and the rigid body’s mass
Angular Momentum however, is based
on the rigid body’s angular velocity and its mass moment of inertia.
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑥 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑊 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 = 𝑚𝑣 = 𝑣 𝑔 IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Linear Momentum is based on the rigid body’s velocity and the rigid body’s mass
Angular Momentum however, is based
on the rigid body’s angular velocity and its mass moment of inertia.
initial velocity Vo changes its velocity to Vf over a period of t along a straight line, 𝑾 ∑ + 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒆 − − 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒆 = (𝑽𝒇 − 𝑽𝒐 ) 𝒈
+ 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 = impulse in the same direction as
the motion − 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 = impulse in the opposite direction as the motion IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Law of Conservation of Momentum Conservation of momentum means that the momentum of a rigid body interacting with another rigid body will be the same on both sides of the equation. If a system is composed of particles of mass M1 , M2, etc., having velocities V1, V2, etc., and after mutual reaction between the particles they possess new velocities V1’, V2’, etc., the condition that the momentum of the system is constant may be expressed as: 𝑴𝟏 𝑽𝟏 + 𝑴𝟐 𝑽𝟐 + ⋯ = 𝑴𝟏 𝑽′𝟏 + 𝑴𝟐 𝑽𝟐 ′ IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Coefficient of Restitution Impact occurs when two bodies collide with each other during a very short period of time, causing relatively large (impulsive) forces to be exerted between the bodies. The striking of a hammer on a nail, or a golf club on a ball, are common examples of impact loadings. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Coefficient of Restitution In general, there are two types of impact. Central impact occurs when the direction of motion of the mass centers of the two colliding particles is along a line passing through the mass centers of the particles. This line is called the line of impact, which is perpendicular to the plane of contact. When the motion of one or both of the particles make an angle with the line of impact, the impact is said to be oblique impact IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Coefficient of Restitution - states that e is equal to the ratio of the relative velocity of the particles’ separation just after impact, (vB) 2 - (vA) 2 , to the relative velocity of the particles’ approach just before impact, (vA)1 - (vB)1 IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 1. The 100-kg crate shown in Figure is originally at rest on the smooth horizontal surface. If a towing force of 200 N, acting at an angle of 45°, is applied for 10 s, determine the final velocity and the normal force which the surface exerts on the crate during this time interval. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 2. A train is running up the grade of 1 in 200 at 32kph when the coupling of the last car breaks. Neglecting friction, compute the velocity of the car after 2minutes and the time of travel before it begins to slide back. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 3. Blocks A and B shown in Figure have a mass of 3 kg and 5 kg, respectively. If the system is released from rest, determine the velocity of block B in 6 s. Neglect the mass of the pulleys and cord. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 4. The 15-Mg boxcar A is coasting at 1.5 m/s on the horizontal track when it encounters a 12- Mg tank car B coasting at 0.75 m/s toward it as shown in Figure. If the cars collide and couple together, determine the speed of both cars just after the coupling IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 5. The bumper cars A and B in Figure each have a mass of 150 kg and are coasting with the velocities shown before they freely collide head on. If no energy is lost during the collision, determine their velocities after collision. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 6. Disk A has a mass of 2 kg and is sliding forward on the smooth surface with a velocity Va = 5m/s when it strikes the 4-kg disk B, which is sliding towards A at at Vb = 2m/s with direct central impact. If the coefficient of restitution between the disks is e = 0.4, compute the velocities of A and B just after collision. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 7. Two smooth disks A and B, having a mass of 1 kg and 2 kg, respectively collide with the velocities shown. If the coefficient of restitution for the disks is e = 0.75, determine the x and y components of the final velocity of each disk just after collision. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Sample Problem 6. Two cars A and B of equal weight are approaching an intersection of two perpendicular roads, A from the west and B from the south and collide with each other. The initial skid distances of A and B before collision are 30m and 20m respectively. After collision, the skid distance of A and B are 14 and 36m respectively. A skids a direction of N 40°W while B skids a direction of N 30°E. If the average skid resistance of the pavement is found to be 0.60, compute the speed of A before he applies the brake. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
