Case: Sonza v ABS-CBN 431 SCRA 583

Topic: Part I Limitation on the rule making power of the DOLE

DOCTRINE:
 Philippine labor laws and jurisprudence define clearly the elements of an employer-
employee relationship, this is the first time that the Court will resolve the nature of the
relationship between a television and radio station and one of its "talents." There is no
case law stating that a radio and television program host is an employee of the
broadcast station.
 The existence of an employer-employee relationship is a question of fact. Appellate
courts accord the factual findings of the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC not only respect
but also finality when supported by substantial evidence.
 Independent contractors often present themselves to possess unique skills, expertise
or talent to distinguish them from ordinary employees.

PLAINTIFFS DEFENDANTS

JOSE Y. SONZA ABS-CBN BROADCASTING

ACTION SEQUENCE:
Complaint to NLRC  Labor Arbiter Denied Complaint  NLRC Denied Appeal  CA
Dismissed the case  SC petition for review on certiorari

FACTS
 May 1994, ABS-CBN signed an Agreement with the Mel and Jay Management and
Development Corporation ("MJMDC"). MJMDC agreed to provide SONZA’s services
exclusively to ABS-CBN as talent for radio and television. The Agreement listed the
services SONZA would render to ABS-CBN. ABS-CBN was represented by its
corporate officers while MJMDC was represented by SONZA, as President and
General Manager, and Carmela Tiangco
 1 April 1996, SONZA wrote a letter to ABS-CBN’s President, Eugenio Lopez III:
“..Mr. Sonza irrevocably resigned in view of recent events concerning his programs
and career. Mr. Sonza informed us that he is waiving and renouncing recovery of
the remaining amount stipulated in paragraph 7 of the Agreement but reserves the
right to seek recovery of the other benefits under said Agreement.”
 30 April 1996, SONZA filed a complaint against ABS-CBN before the
Department of Labor and Employment, National Capital Region in Quezon City.
SONZA complained that ABS-CBN did not pay his salaries, separation pay,
service incentive leave pay, 13th month pay, signing bonus, travel allowance and
amounts due under the Employees Stock Option Plan ("ESOP"). But ABS-CBN
continued to remit SONZA’s monthly talent fees through his account at PCIBank,
Quezon Avenue Branch, Quezon City. In July 1996, ABS-CBN opened a new
account with the same bank where ABS-CBN deposited SONZA’s talent fees
and other payments due him under the Agreement.
 10 July 1996, ABS-CBN filed a Motion to Dismiss on the ground that no employer-
employee relationship existed between the parties. SONZA filed an Opposition to
the motion on 19 July 1996.
 In his Order dated 2 December 1996, the Labor Arbiter denied the motion to
 dismiss and directed the parties to file their respective position papers. The parties
submitted their position papers on 24 February 1997.
 11 March 1997, SONZA filed a Reply to Respondent’s Position Paper with Motion
to Expunge Respondent’s Annex 4 and Annex 5 from the Records
 Labor Arbiter rendered his Decision dated 8 July 1997 dismissing the complaint for
lack of jurisdiction. The reason behind the decision was that there was no
employee-employer relationship. Whatever benefits complainant enjoyed arose
from specific agreement by the parties and not by reason of employer-employee
relationship.
 SONZA appealed to the NLRC. On 24 February 1998, the NLRC rendered a
Decision affirming the Labor Arbiter’s decision. SONZA filed a motion for
reconsideration, which the NLRC denied in its Resolution dated 3 July 1998
 SONZA appealed to the NLRC. On 24 February 1998, the NLRC rendered a
Decision affirming the Labor Arbiter’s decision. SONZA filed a motion for
reconsideration, which the NLRC denied in its Resolution dated 3 July 1998

ISSUE/S
 Whether or not Sonza and ABS- CBN has an employee- employer relationship

RULING

NO. Labor Arbiter and the Court of Appeals findings show that SONZA’s claims are all based
on the May 1994 Agreement and stock option plan, and not on the Labor Code. Clearly, the
present case does not call for an application of the Labor Code provisions but an
interpretation and implementation of the May 1994 Agreement. In effect, SONZA’s cause of
action is for breach of contract which is intrinsically a civil dispute cognizable by the regular
courts
 SONZA argues that the labor arbiter has jurisdiction because he was an employee
of abs cbn and maintains that all essential elements of an employer-employee
relationship are present in this case. Case law has consistently held that the
elements of an employer-employee relationship are:
a. the selection and engagement of the employee; The specific selection and
hiring of SONZA, because of his unique skills, talent and celebrity status not
possessed by ordinary employees, is a circumstance indicative, but not
conclusive, of an independent contractual relationship.

b. the payment of wages; The payment of talent fees directly to SONZA and not
to MJMDC does not negate the status of SONZA as an independent
contractor. The parties expressly agreed on such mode of payment. Under the
Agreement, MJMDC is the AGENT of SONZA, to whom MJMDC would have to
turn over any talent fee accruing under the Agreement.

c. the power of dismissal; SONZA assails the Labor Arbiter’s interpretation of his
rescission of the Agreement as an admission that he is not an employee of
ABS-CBN. The Labor Arbiter stated that "if it were true that complainant was
really an employee, he would merely resign, instead." SONZA did actually
resign from ABS-CBN but he also, as president of MJMDC, rescinded the
Agreement. However, the manner by which SONZA terminated his relationship
with ABS-CBN is immaterial. Whether SONZA rescinded the Agreement or
 resigned from work does not determine his status as employee or independent
contractor.

d. the employer’s power to control the employee on the means and methods by
which the work is accomplished. Since there is no local precedent on whether
a radio and television program host is an employee or an independent
contractor, the court referred to foreign case law in analyzing the present case:
in Alberty-Vélez v. Corporación De Puerto Rico Para La Difusión Pública
("WIPR")27 that a television program host is an independent contractor.
Applying the control test to the present case, we find that SONZA is not an
employee but an independent contractor. The factors taken note on the foreign
case are : First, a television actress is a skilled position requiring talent and
training not available on-the-job; Second, Alberty provided the "tools and
instrumentalities" necessary for her to perform; Third, WIPR could not assign
Alberty work in addition to filming "Desde Mi Pueblo."
 In Vaughan, et al. v. Warner, et al.,36 the United States Circuit Court of Appeals
ruled that vaudeville performers were independent contractors although the
management reserved the right to delete objectionable features in their shows.
Since the management did not have control over the manner of performance of the
skills of the artists, it could only control the result of the work by deleting
objectionable features.

DISPOSITIVE PORTION
WHEREFORE, we DENY the petition. The assailed Decision of the Court of Appeals dated 26
March 1999 in CA-G.R. SP No. 49190 is AFFIRMED. Costs against petitioner.

NOTES