®

HYSYS

Upstream Option Guide

Copyright
November 2004
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 Table of Contents
1 Black Oil ............................................................... 1-1
1.1 Black Oil Tutorial Introduction ............................ 1-2
1.2 Setting the Session Preferences ......................... 1-4
1.3 Setting the Simulation Basis .............................. 1-9
1.4 Building the Simulation ....................................1-16
1.5 Dynamic Simulation.........................................1-37

A Neotec Black Oil Methods .....................................A-1

A.1 Neotec Black Oil Methods and Thermodynamics.... A-2
A.2 References .................................................... A-26

B Black Oil Transition Methods ................................ B-1

B.1 Transition Methods ........................................... B-2

2 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream............................. 2-1

2.1 Introduction .................................................... 2-2
2.2 Multiflash Property Package ............................... 2-3

3 Lumper and Delumper .......................................... 3-1

3.1 Lumper........................................................... 3-2
3.2 Delumper.......................................................3-23
3.3 References .....................................................3-37

4 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone ................................... 4-1

4.1 Introduction .................................................... 4-2
4.2 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View............. 4-9
4.3 Nomenclature .................................................4-20

5 PIPESIM Link........................................................ 5-1

5.1 Introduction .................................................... 5-2
5.2 PIPESIM Link Extension..................................... 5-5
5.3 PIPESIM Link Tutorial.......................................5-18

iii
6 PIPESIM NET ........................................................ 6-1
6.1 Introduction .................................................... 6-2
6.2 PIPESIM NET ................................................... 6-2

7 GAP ...................................................................... 7-1

7.1 Introduction .................................................... 7-2
7.2 GAP Property View ........................................... 7-2

Index.................................................................... I-1

iv
 Black Oil 1-1

1 Black Oil

1.1 Black Oil Tutorial Introduction ....................................................... 2

1.2 Setting the Session Preferences..................................................... 4

1.2.1 Creating a New Unit Set ............................................................ 5
1.2.2 Setting Black Oil Stream Default Options ..................................... 8

1.3 Setting the Simulation Basis .......................................................... 9

1.3.1 Selecting Components .............................................................. 9
1.3.2 Creating a Fluid Package ......................................................... 11
1.3.3 Entering the Simulation Environment ........................................ 13

1.4 Building the Simulation................................................................ 16

1.4.1 Installing the Black Oil Feed Streams ........................................ 16
1.4.2 Installing Unit Operations ........................................................ 25
1.4.3 Results ................................................................................. 35

1.5 Dynamic Simulation ..................................................................... 37

1.5.1 Modifying the Steady State Flowsheet ....................................... 37
1.5.2 Setting Pressure-Flow Specifications ......................................... 38
1.5.3 Monitoring in Dynamics........................................................... 41
1.5.4 Notes ................................................................................... 42

1-1
1-2 Black Oil Tutorial Introduction

1.1 Black Oil Tutorial

Introduction
In today’s oil and gas industry, it becomes increasingly
necessary to use a compositional model and equation of state to
accurately model the behaviour of a petroleum fluid downstream
of the well and flowlines. The HYSYS Upstream Option translates
from black oil to a compositional model using the gas
composition and HYSYS oil characterization.

In HYSYS, Black Oil describes a class of phase behaviour and

transport property models. Black oil correlations are typically
used when a limited amount of oil and gas information is
available in the system. Oil and gas fluid properties are
calculated from correlations with their respective specific gravity
(as well as a few other easily measured parameters).

Black Oil is not typically used for systems that would be

characterized as gas-condensate or dry gas, but rather for
systems where the liquid phase is a non-volatile oil (and
consequently there is no evolution of gas, except for that which
is dissolved in the oil).

In this Tutorial, two black oil streams at different conditions and

compositions are passed through a mixer to blend into one black
oil stream. The blended black oil stream is then fed to the Black
Oil Translator where the blended black oil stream data is
transitioned to a HYSYS material stream. A flowsheet for this
process is shown below.

Figure 1.1

1-2
 Black Oil 1-3

The following pages will guide you through building a HYSYS

case for modeling this process. This example will illustrate the
complete construction of the simulation, from selecting the
property package and components, to installing streams and
unit operations, through to examining the final results. The tools
available in the HYSYS interface will be used to illustrate the
flexibility available to you.

The simulation will be built using these basic steps:

1. Create a unit set and set the Black Oil default options.
2. Select the components.
3. Add a Neotec Black Oil property package.
4. Create and specify the feed streams.
5. Install and define the unit operations prior to the translator.
6. Install and define the translator.
7. Add a Peng-Robinson property package.

1-3
1-4 Setting the Session Preferences

1.2 Setting the Session

Preferences
1. To start a new simulation case, do one of the following:
• From the File menu, select New and then Case.
• Click the New Case icon.
New Case icon
The Simulation Basis Manager appears:

Figure 1.2

Next you will set your Session Preferences before building a

case.
2. From the Tools menu, select Preferences.

1-4
 Black Oil 1-5

The Session Preferences view appears. You should be on the

Options page of the Simulation tab.

Figure 1.3

3. In the General Options group, ensure the Use Modal

Property Views checkbox is unchecked so that you can
access multiple views at the same time.

1.2.1 Creating a New Unit Set

The first step in building the simulation case is choosing a unit
set. Since HYSYS does not allow you to change any of the three
default unit sets listed (in other words, EuroSI, Field, and SI),
you will create a new unit set by cloning an existing one. For this
example, a new unit set will be made based on the HYSYS Field
set, which you will then customize.

To create a new unit set, do the following:

1. In the Session Preferences view, click the Variables tab.
2. Select the Units page if it is not already selected.

1-5
1-6 Setting the Session Preferences

The default Preference 3. In the Available Unit Sets group, highlight Field to make it
file is named hysys.PRF. the active set.
When you modify any of
the preferences, you can
save the changes in a Figure 1.4
new Preference file by
clicking the Save
Preference Set button.
HYSYS prompts you to
provide a name for the
new Preference file,
which you can load into
any simulation case by
clicking the Load
Preference Set button.

4. Click the Clone button. A new unit set named NewUser

appears. This unit set becomes the currently Available Unit
Set.
5. In the Unit Set Name field, rename the new unit set as
Black Oil. You can now change the units for any variable
associated with this new unit set.
In the Display Units group, the current default unit for Std
Gas Den is lb/ft3. In this example we will change the unit to
SG_rel_to_air.
6. Scroll through the table in the Display Units group, until you
find the Std Gas Den variable.

1-6
 Black Oil 1-7

7. To view the available units for Std Gas Den, click the drop-
down arrow in the cell beside the Std Gas Den cell.

Figure 1.5

8. From the drop-down list, select SG_rel_to_air.

9. Repeat the previous three steps to change the Standard
Density unit to SG_60/60 api.
Your Black Oil unit set is now defined.

1-7
1-8 Setting the Session Preferences

1.2.2 Setting Black Oil Stream

Default Options
To set the Black Oil stream default options:
1. Click on the Oil Input tab in the Session Preference view.
2. In the Session Preferences view, select the Black Oils page.

Figure 1.6

In the Black Oil Stream Options group, you can select the
methods for calculating the viscosity, and displaying the
water content for all the black oil streams in your
simulation. For now you will leave the settings as default.
3. Click the Close icon (in the top right corner) to close the
Session Preferences view. You will now add the components
Close icon
and fluid package to the simulation.

1-8
 Black Oil 1-9

1.3 Setting the Simulation

Basis
The Simulation Basis Manager allows you to create, modify, and
manipulate fluid packages in your simulation case. As a
minimum, a Fluid Package contains the components and
property method (for example, an Equation of State) HYSYS will
use in its calculations for a particular flowsheet. Depending on
what is required in a specific flowsheet, a Fluid Package may
also contain other information such as reactions and interaction
parameters. You will first define your fluid package by selecting
the components in this simulation case.

1.3.1 Selecting Components

HYSYS has an internal stipulation that at least one component
must be added to a component list that is associated to a fluid
package. To fulfil this requirement you must add a minimum of a
single component even when the compositional data is not
needed. For black oil streams, depending on the information
available, you have the option to either specify the gas
components compositions or the gas density to define the gas
phase of the stream.

1-9
1-10 Setting the Simulation Basis

To add components to your simulation case:

1. Click on the Components tab in the Simulation Basis
Manager.
2. Click the Add button. The Component List view is displayed.

Figure 1.7

For more information on 3. In this tutorial, add the following components: C1, C2, C3,
adding and viewing i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, and C6.
components, refer to
Chapter 1 - 4. Close the Component List View to return to the Simulation
Components in the Basis Manager view.
HYSYS Simulation
Basis guide. If the Simulation Basis Manager is not visible, click the
Home View icon from the tool bar.

1-10
 Black Oil 1-11

1.3.2 Creating a Fluid Package

In this tutorial, since a Black Oil Translator is used in
transitioning a Black Oil stream to a HYSYS compositional
stream, two property packages are required in the simulation.
You will first add the Neotec Black Oil property package and later
in the tutorial after, you have installed the black oil translator,
you will add the Peng-Robinson property package.

Adding the Neotec Black Oil Property

Package
To add the Neotec Black Oil Property Package to your
simulation:
1. From Simulation Basis Manager, click the Fluid Pkgs tab.
2. Click the Add button in the Current Fluid Packages group.
The Fluid Package Manager appears.
3. In the Component List Selection group, select Component
List - 1 from the drop-down list.
You can also filter the list 4. From the list of available property packages in the Property
of available property
packages by clicking the
Package Selection group, select Neotec Black Oil.
Miscellaneous Type The Neotec Black Oil Methods view appears.
radio button in the
Property Package Filter
group. From the filtered Figure 1.8
list you can select
Neotec Black Oil.

1-11
1-12 Setting the Simulation Basis

Refer to Appendix A - The Neotec Black Oil Methods view displays the nine PVT
Neotec Black Oil behaviour and transport property procedures, and each of
Methods for more
information on the black their calculation methods.
oil methods available and
other terminology.
5. In this tutorial, you want to have the Watson K Factor
calculated by the simulation. The default option for the
Watson K Factor is set at Specify. Thus, you will change
the option to Calculate from the Watson K Factor drop-
down list, as shown below.

Figure 1.9

You can restore the The User-Selected radio button is automatically activated
default settings by when you select a Black Oil method that is not the default.
clicking on the Black Oil
Defaults radio button.
6. Click the Close button to close the Neotec Black Oil Methods
view.
The HYSYS Neotec Black Oil view appears.

Figure 1.10

7. In the Basis field, type in the new name Black Oil for the
fluid package.
8. Close the HYSYS Neotec Black oil view by clicking the Close
icon.
Close icon
The Black Oil fluid package is now completely defined. If you
click on the Fluid Pkgs tab in the Simulation Basis Manger
you can see that the list of Current Fluid Packages now

1-12
 Black Oil 1-13

displays the Black Oil Fluid Package and shows the number
of components (NC) and property package (PP). The newly
created Black Oil Fluid Package is assigned by default to the
main flowsheet. Now that the Simulation Basis is defined,
you can install streams and operations in the Main
Simulation environment.
9. To leave the Basis environment and enter the Simulation
environment, do one of the following:
• Click the Enter Simulation Environment button on the
Simulation Basis Manager view.
• Click the Enter Simulation Environment icon on the
tool bar.
Enter Simulation

1.3.3 Entering the Simulation

Environment icon

Environment
When you enter the Simulation environment, the initial view
that appears depends on your current Session Preferences
setting for the Initial Build Home View. Three initial views are
available:
• PFD
• Workbook
• Summary

1-13
1-14 Setting the Simulation Basis

Any or all of these can be displayed at any time; however, when

you first enter the Simulation environment, only one appears. In
this example, the initial Home View is the PFD (HYSYS default
setting).

Figure 1.11

There are several things to note about the Main Simulation

environment. In the upper right corner, the Environment has
changed from Basis to Case (Main). A number of new items are
now available in the menu bar and tool bar, and the PFD and
Object Palette are open on the Desktop.

1-14
 Black Oil 1-15

The PFD and Object Palette are described below.

Objects Description
PFD The PFD is a graphical representation of the flowsheet
topology for a simulation case. The PFD view shows
operations and streams and the connections between the
objects. You can also attach information tables or
annotations to the PFD. By default, the view has a single
tab. If required, you can add additional PFD pages to the
view to focus in on the different areas of interest.
You can also open the Object A floating palette of buttons that can be used to add
Object Palette by clicking Palette streams and unit operations.
the Object Palette icon in You can toggle the palette open or closed by pressing F4,
the PFD tool bar. or by selecting the Open/Close Object Palette command
from the Flowsheet menu.

Before proceeding any further, save your case.

1. Do one of the following:
• From the File menu, select Save.
• Press CTRL S.
• Click the Save icon on the tool bar.
If this is the first time you have saved your case, the Save
Save icon Simulation Case As view appears.

Figure 1.12

When you choose to

open an existing case
by clicking the

Open Case icon ,

or by selecting Open
Case from the File
menu, a view similar to
the one shown in
Figure 1.12 appears.
The File Filter drop-
down list will then allow
you to retrieve backup
(*.bk*) and HYSIM
(*.sim) files in addition
By default, the File Path is the Cases sub-directory in your
to standard HYSYS HYSYS directory.
(*.hsc) files.

1-15
1-16 Building the Simulation

2. In the File Name cell, type a name for the case, for example
BlackOil.
You do not have to enter the *.hsc extension, HYSYS
automatically adds it for you.
3. Once you have entered a file name, press the ENTER key or
click the Save button.
HYSYS saves the case under the name you have given it
when you save in the future. The Save As view will not
appear again unless you choose to give it a new name using
the Save As command. If you enter a name that already
exists in the current directory, HYSYS will ask you for
confirmation before over-writing the existing file.

1.4 Building the

Simulation
1.4.1 Installing the Black Oil
Feed Streams
In this tutorial, you will install two black oil feed streams.
1. To add the first black oil stream to your simulation do one of
the following:
• From the Flowsheet menu, select Add Stream.
• You can also add a new material stream by pressing the
F11 hot key.
• From the Flowsheet menu, select Palette. The Object
Palette appears.
Double-click on the Material Stream icon.

Material Stream icon

1-16
 Black Oil 1-17

The Black Oil Stream property view appears.

Figure 1.13

HYSYS displays three different phases in a black oil stream.

The three phases are:
• Gas
• Oil
• Water
You can also use the The first column is the overall stream properties column. You
horizontal scroll bar to can view and edit the Gas, Oil, and Water phase properties
view all the phase
properties. by expanding the width of the default Black Oil stream
property view.

1-17
1-18 Building the Simulation

The expanded stream property view is shown below.

Figure 1.14

2. Rename the stream to Feed 1 by typing the new stream

name in the Stream Name cell of the Overall column (first
column).

You can only rename the overall column, and that name
appears on the PFD as the name for that black oil stream.
You cannot change the phase name for the stream.

Next you will define the gas composition in Feed 1.

1-18
 Black Oil 1-19

3. On the Worksheet tab, click on the Gas Composition page

to begin the compositional input for the stream.

Figure 1.15

The Activate Gas 4. Check the Activate Gas Composition checkbox to activate
Composition checkbox
allows you to specify the the Gas Composition table.
compositions for each 5. Click on the Edit button. The Input Composition for Stream
base component you
selected in the Simulation view appears. By default, you can only specify the stream
Basis manager. After you compositions in mole fraction.
have defined the gas
composition for the black
oil stream, HYSYS will Figure 1.16
automatically calculate
the specific gravity for the
gas phase. If gas
composition information
is not available, you can
provide only the specific
gas gravity on the
Conditions page to define
the black oil stream.

1-19
1-20 Building the Simulation

6. Enter the following composition for each component:

Component Mole Fraction

Methane 0.3333
Ethane 0.2667
Propane 0.1333
i-Butane 0.2000
n-Butane 0.0677
i-Pentane 0.0000
n-Pentane 0.0000
n-Hexane 0.0000

7. Click the Normalize button to ensure that the mole fraction

sum equals 1.0.
8. Click the OK button, and HYSYS accepts the composition.
9. Click on the Conditions page on the Worksheet tab.

Figure 1.17

Next you will define the conditions for Feed 1.

10. In the overall column (first column), specify the following
conditions:

In this cell... Enter...

Temperature (°C) 50

1-20
 Black Oil 1-21

In this cell... Enter...

Pressure (kPa) 101.3
Volumetric Flow (barrel/day) 4500

HYSYS automatically assigns the same temperature and

pressure to the Gas, Oil, and Water phases.
11. Specify the Specific Gravity for the Oil phase and Water
phase to 0.847 SG_60/60 api and 1.002 SG_60/60 api,
respectively.
Next you will specify the bulk properties for Feed 1.
12. In the Bulk Properties group, specify a Gas Oil Ratio (GOR)
of 1684 SCF/bbl, and Water Cut of 15%.

Figure 1.18

The Gas Oil Ratio is the ratio of the gas volumetric flow to oil
volumetric flow at stock tank conditions. The Gas Oil Ratio
will be automatically calculated if the volumetric flows of the
gas, oil, and water phases are known. In this tutorial, the
volumetric flowrates for the three phases are calculated by
the Gas Oil Ratio and Water Cut.
The water content in the Black Oil stream can be expressed
in two ways:
• Water Cut. The water cut is expressed as a percentage.

V water
Water Cut = ------------------------------- (1.1)
V oil + V water

where:

Vwater = volume of water

Voil = volume of oil

1-21
1-22 Building the Simulation

• WOR. A ratio of volume of water to the volume of oil.

V water
WOR = --------------- (1.2)
V oil

You can select your water content input preference from the
drop-down list.
Next you will specify a method for calculating the dead oil
viscosity.
13. Click on the Viscosity Mtd button. The Black Oil Viscosity
Method Selection view appears.
Figure 1.19

Displays the current

selection of the Dead Oil
Viscosity Equation. You
can change this equation
in the Neotec Black Oil
Methods Manager. Refer
to Dead Oil Viscosity
Equation in Appendix
A.1 - Neotec Black Oil
Methods and
Thermodynamics for
more information.

You can select the calculation methods from the Method

Options drop-down list. Neotec recommends the user to
enter two or more viscosity data points. In the event that
only one data point is known, this is also an improvement
over relying on a generalized viscosity prediction.
14. Click on the Method Options drop-down list and select
Twu.
15. Close the Black Oil Viscosity Method Selection view.

1-22
 Black Oil 1-23

Now Feed 1 is fully defined.

Figure 1.20

The Surface Tension and Watson K are automatically

calculated by HYSYS as specified in the Neotec Black Oil
Methods Manager. You can view the property correlations for
each phase by clicking on the Properties page where you
can add and delete correlations as desired.

Figure 1.21

1-23
1-24 Building the Simulation

16. Create a second black oil feed stream, Feed 2 and define it
with the following data:

In these cells... Enter...

Conditions Page
Temperature (°F), Overall 149
Pressure (psia), Overall 29.01
Volumetric Flow (barrel/day), 6800
Overall
Specific Gravity (SG_60/60 api) Oil: 0.8487
Water: 1.002
Gas Oil Ratio 1404 SCF/bbl
Water Cut 1.5
Viscosity Method Options Beggs and Robinson
Gas Composition Page
Methane 1.0

Figure 1.22

1-24
 Black Oil 1-25

1.4.2 Installing Unit

Operations
The following unit HYSYS unit operations typically solve to equilibrium conditions
operations can support
using an equation of state or activity model. With the HYSYS
black oil streams:
• Valve
Upstream Option, HYSYS unit operations will solve in black oil
• Mixer mode and be able to blend different black oils together.
• Pump
• Recycle
• Separator The Worksheet tab of some HYSYS unit operation property
• Pipe Segment views are not supported when the unit operations are used
• Heat Exchanger in Black Oil mode.
• Expander
• Compressor
• Heater Now you have fully defined two black oil feed streams. The next
• Cooler step is to install the necessary unit operations for the blending
and transitioning process.

Installing the Valve

The first operation that will be installed is a Valve, used to
decrease the pressure of Feed 1 before it is blended with Feed 2.
1. Double-click on the Valve icon in the Object Palette. The
Valve property view appears.
Valve icon
2. On the Connections page, open the Inlet drop-down list by
clicking the down arrow icon .

Figure 1.23

1-25
1-26 Building the Simulation

3. Select Feed 1 from the list.

Alternatively, you can make the connections by typing the
exact stream name in the cell, then pressing ENTER.
4. Move to the Outlet field by clicking on it. Type ValveOut in
the Outlet cell and press ENTER.
The status indicator displays Unknown Delta P. To specify a
pressure drop for the Valve:
5. Click on the Parameters page.
6. Specify 5 kPa in the Delta P field.

Now the status indicator has changed to green OK, showing that
the valve operation and attached streams are completely
calculated.

Installing the Mixer

The second operation that will be installed is a Mixer, used to
blend the two black oil feed streams.

To install the Mixer:

1. Double-click on the Mixer icon in the Object Palette. The
Mixer property view appears.
Mixer icon
Figure 1.24

2. Click the <<Stream>> cell to ensure the Inlets table is

active.

1-26
 Black Oil 1-27

The status bar at the bottom of the view shows that the
operation requires a feed stream.
3. Open the <<Stream>> drop-down list of feeds by clicking
Down arrow icon
the down arrow icon, or by pressing F2 and then the DOWN
arrow key.

Figure 1.25

4. Select ValveOut from the list. The stream is transferred to

the list of Inlets, and <<Stream>> is automatically moved
down to a new empty cell.
Alternatively, you can 5. Repeat steps 3-4 to connect the other stream, Feed 2.
make the connections by
typing the exact stream The status indicator now displays Requires a product
name in the cell, then stream. Next you will assign a product stream.
pressing ENTER.
6. Move to the Outlet field by clicking on it, or by pressing
TAB.
7. Type MixerOut in the cell, then press ENTER.
HYSYS recognizes that there is no existing stream named
MixerOut, so it will create the new stream with this name.

1-27
1-28 Building the Simulation

The status indicator now displays a green OK, indicating that

the operation and attached streams are completely
calculated.

Figure 1.26

8. Click the Parameters page.

HYSYS has calculated the 9. In the Automatic Pressure Assignment group, leave the
outlet stream by default setting at Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet.
combining the two inlets
and flashing the mixture
at the lowest pressure of Figure 1.27
the inlet streams. In this
case, ValveOut has a
pressure of 96.3 kPa and
Feed 2 has a pressure of
200 kPa. Thus, the outlet
from the Mixer has a
pressure of 96.3 kPa (the
lowest pressure between
the two inlets).
Refer to Appendix A -
Neotec Black Oil
Methods, for more
information on the
specific gravity and
viscosity of heavy oil/
condensate blends.

1-28
 Black Oil 1-29

Installing the Black Oil Translator

Next you will install a Black Oil Translator to transfer the black
oil stream data into a compositional stream so that you can
analyze the properties of the blended black oil stream from the
Mixer. The Black Oil Translator is implemented in HYSYS using
the Stream Cutter operation and a custom Black Oil Transition.
The Black Oil Translator interacts with an existing Stream Cutter
unit operation to convert the Black Oil stream into a
compositional material stream.

Adding Non-Black Oil Stream

Before you install the Black Oil Translator, you need to install a
non-black oil stream for the Black Oil Translator outlet stream.
Thus, you will need to add a new fluid package and assign it to
the outlet stream.

To add a new fluid package:

1. Click on the Enter Basis Environment icon in the tool bar.
The Simulation Basis Manager appears.
Enter Basis Environment
2. Click on the Fluid Pkgs tab.
icon 3. Click Add.
4. Select Peng-Robinson from the property package list in the
Property Package Selection group.

1-29
1-30 Building the Simulation

5. In the Name field, rename the fluid package to PR as shown

below.

Figure 1.28

6. Close the Fluid Package view.

7. Click on the Return to Simulation Environment button in
Simulation Basis Manger.
8. To add the Black Oil Translator outlet stream, do one of the
following:
• From the Flowsheet menu, select Add Stream.
• Press F11.
• From the Object Palette, double-click on the Material
Stream icon.
Material Stream icon 9. In the stream property view, click the Worksheet tab and
select the Conditions page.
10. In the Stream Name cell type Outlet.
11. In the Fluid Package cell, select PR from the drop-down
list.

1-30
 Black Oil 1-31

Once you selected PR as the fluid package, the Outlet

stream property view is automatically changed to a HYSYS
compositional stream.

Figure 1.29

12. Close the Outlet property view.

Adding the Black Oil Translator

There are two ways that you can add the Black Oil Translator to
your simulation:
You can also open the 1. From the Flowsheet menu, select Add Operation. The
UnitOps view by pressing UnitOps view appears.
the F12 hot key.
2. In the Categories group, select the All Unit Ops radio
button.
3. From the Available Unit Operation lists, select Black Oil
Translator.
4. Click Add.

OR

1-31
1-32 Building the Simulation

1. From the Object Palette, click on the Upstream Ops icon.

The Upstream Ops Palette appears.

Upstream Ops icon Figure 1.30

2. Double-click the Black Oil Translator icon.

The Black Oil Translator property view appears.
Black Oil Translator icon
Figure 1.31

In certain situations, the Black Oil Translator will automatically

be added to the flowsheet. This occurs when the stream
connections are made to operations that have streams with
different fluid packages connected or the operation itself is set
to use a different fluid package. The Stream Cutter dictates the
rules for when the Black Oil Translator is automatically added.
You can also delete a
Black Oil Translator by To delete the Black Oil Translator operation, click the Delete
clicking on the Black
Oil Translator icon on button. HYSYS will ask you to confirm the deletion.
the PFD and pressing
the DELETE key. To ignore the Black Oil Translator operation during calculations,

1-32
 Black Oil 1-33

activate the Ignored checkbox. HYSYS completely disregards

the operation (not calculate the outlet stream) until you restore
it to an active state by deactivating the checkbox.

Defining the Black Oil Translator

To complete the Connections page:
1. Open the Inlet drop-down list by clicking the down arrow
Down arrow icon icon, or by pressing the F2 key and then the DOWN arrow
key.
2. Select MixerOut as the inlet.
3. Move to the Outlet field by clicking on it.
4. Select Outlet as the outlet stream.
Once the outlet stream is connected, the Black Oil Translator
starts transitioning the black oil data to the Outlet stream
using the HYSYS default transition setting.

Figure 1.32

The solving status is indicated in the Object Status Window.

As the Black Oil Translator is solving, a list of
hypocomponents are generated in the Outlet stream to
characterize a black oil stream from a compositional stream
perspective. You can view each hypocomponent created in
the Trace Window as the Black Oil Translator is solving.

1-33
1-34 Building the Simulation

If the Outlet stream had Black Oil as the fluid package, the
following warning message view would appear.

5. Click on the Transition tab.

Figure 1.33

• The Transition Type group displays the transition type (in

this case: BlackOil Transition) available for this Black
Oil Translator operation.
• The Current Transition group contains all the options
used to configure the Black Oil Transition method.
The composition of MixerOut is copied to the composition
table as shown in the figure above. Leave the composition as
default.
Refer to Appendix B - 6. In the Black Oil Transition Method group, confirm that the
Black Oil Transition Three Phase radio button is selected.
Methods for more
information on the 7. Save the case.
Simple, Three Phase, and
Infochem Multiflash
transition method.

1-34
 Black Oil 1-35

1.4.3 Results
When the solving is completed, the status indicator for the
Outlet stream and Black Oil Translator should be changed to a
green OK, showing that both operations are completely defined.
1. In the Outlet stream property view, click on the
Compositions page on the Worksheet tab.
2. In the component composition list, you can view the
composition for all the hypocomponents created as well as
the composition for C1 to C6.

Figure 1.34

3. Close the Outlet stream property view.

4. Double-click on the CUT-100 operation on the PFD. The
black oil translator property view appears.
5. Click on the Worksheet tab.
CUT-100 operation On the Conditions page, the Compositional stream
properties and conditions for the black oil stream MixerOut
are displayed in the Outlet column.

1-35
1-36 Building the Simulation

You can examine and review the results for the MixerOut
stream as a compositional stream.

Figure 1.35

Figure 1.36

1-36
 Black Oil 1-37

1.5 Dynamic Simulation

In this tutorial, the black oil dynamic capability will be
incorporated into a steady-state black oil translation simulation
case.

You can continue into this dynamic section with the black oil
translation case that you built during the steady state section.
1. Open the BlackOil.hsc case (if it is not already open in the
HYSYS).
2. Save the case under the new name: BlackOilDyn.hsc.

1.5.1 Modifying the Steady

State Flowsheet
Before the case can be run in Dynamic mode, it is necessary to
modify the steady-state model so that a pressure-flow relation
exists between each unit operation.

In order to realistically model flow behaviour in a dynamic

simulation case, you will change the Mixer to equalize all inlet
pressures so that the flow to and from the Mixer is determined
by the pressure-flow network:
1. Delete the specified pressure in Feed 2.
2. Double-click on the Mixer. The Mixer property view appears.
3. Click on the Dynamics tab, and select the Specs page.
You can also equalize the 4. In the Pressure Specification group, select the Equalize All
inlets pressures for the radio button.
Mixer by selecting the
Equalize All radio button
on the Parameters page Figure 1.37
on the Design tab.

HYSYS automatically recalculates and solves the Mixer

operation. The status indicator of the Mixer has now changed
to a green OK. The flowsheet is completely defined.

1-37
 Black Oil 1-38

1.5.2 Setting Pressure-Flow

Specifications
In Dynamic mode, the degrees of freedom for the flowsheet
must be zero. You can reduce the degrees of freedom by setting
the pressure-flow specifications in each boundary stream:
1. Double-click on Feed 1. The stream property view appears.
2. Click on the Dynamics tab, and select the Specs page.
3. Ensure the Pressure specification is active with a check in
Active checkbox, and deactivate the Volumetric Flow
specification.

Figure 1.38

1-38
 Black Oil 1-39

4. For Feed 2, specify the Specs page as shown:

Figure 1.39

5. For Outlet, specify the pressure-flow specifications as

shown:

Figure 1.40

6. Save the case. The simulation case is ready to run in

Dynamic mode.

1-39
1-40 Dynamic Simulation

7. Click the Integrator Holding icon (red) on the Tools bar to

hold all calculations.
Integrator Holding icon
(red) 8. Click the Dynamics Mode icon on the Tools bar.
9. A view appears asking you to confirm switching the
simulation case to Dynamics mode. Click Yes.
Dynamic Mode icon
If the Dynamics Assistant is active, HYSYS will ask you
whether you want to make certain changes to the simulation
case in the Dynamic Assistant before engaging in dynamic
mode. Click No to the Dynamic Assistant.

The Dynamic Assistant is one of the methods for preparing a

steady state case for dynamic mode. You can set your own
pressure-flow specifications and size the unit operations
manually on their Specs page on the Dynamics tab.

The Dynamics Assistant makes recommendations as to

how the flowsheet topology should change and what
pressure-flow specifications are required in order to run the
case in dynamic mode. However, in this tutorial some of
these changes have been made manually as you modified
the flowsheet, and the remaining changes are not necessary
for the purpose of this example.
10. Start the Integrator by clicking the Integrator Active icon
in the toolbar.
Integrator Active icon
(green)
The simulation case is now running in Dynamic mode. The
integration time and status are indicated in the Trace Window
and Status Bar.

1-40
 Black Oil 1-41

1.5.3 Monitoring in Dynamics

In Dynamic mode it is difficult to observe the behaviour of
simulation variables as they vary with time. Stripchart allows
you to monitor various variable sets of interest as they are
constantly updated in real time. You will create a strip chart to
monitor the temperature, pressure, and flow for the Outlet:
1. Set the Integrator to holding mode by clicking the
Integrator Holding icon.
Integrator Holding icon
(red) 2. Double-click on the Outlet stream.
3. Click on the Dynamics tab, and select the Stripchart page.
4. From the Variable Set drop-down list, select the T, P, and
F variables set.
5. Display the strip chart by clicking the Create Stripchart
button. A strip chart view appears.
6. Activate the Integrator by clicking the Integrator Active
icon in the toolbar.
Integrator Active icon
(green) As the Integrator is running, you should see the
temperature, pressure, and flow of the Outlet updating.

Figure 1.41

1-41
1-42 Dynamic Simulation

1.5.4 Notes
The following should be noted when using black oil in Dynamic
mode:
• Black oil system does not support Component Splitter
and tray section since they are strongly linked to
composition.
• In steady-state black oil translation, the component list
changes after the black oil stream is converted to a
compositional stream. However for black oil translation in
dynamic mode, a new composition using the existing
component list is calculated. Ensure that the desired
components are already present on the non-black oil side
of the transition before the simulation starts. The
simplest way to do this is to use the component list from
a steady-state result.
• Always refer to the stream property view for the black oil
simulation information.
• To obtain the most accurate black oil results, avoid using
black oil system with extreme simulation conditions or
phase ratios.

1-42
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-1

A Neotec Black Oil

Methods

A.1 Neotec Black Oil Methods and Thermodynamics ............................ 2

A.1.1 Terminology ............................................................................ 3
A.1.2 PVT Behaviour and Transport Property Procedures ...................... 18

A.2 References................................................................................... 26

A-1
A-2 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

A.1 Neotec Black Oil

Methods and
Thermodynamics
You can select the desired black oil methods in the Neotec Black
Oil Methods Manager.

Several black oil PVT calculation methods exist, each based on

data from a relatively specific producing area of the world.

Correlations Data
Standing (1947) Correlation Based on 22 California crude oil-gas
for Rs and Bo systems.
Lasater (1958) Correlation Developed using 158 data from 137
for Rs crude-oils from Canada, Western and
mid-continent USA, and South America.
Vasquez and Beggs (1977) Based on 6004 data. Developed using
Correlations for Rs and Bo data from Mid-West and California crudes.
Glaso (1980) Correlations For volatile and non-volatile oils.
for Rs and Bo Developed using data from North Sea
crudes.
Al-Marhoun (1985, 1988, Based on data from Saudi crude oils and
1992) Correlations for Rs Middle East reservoirs.
and Bo
Abdul-Majeed and Salman Based on 420 data points from 119 crude
(1988) Correlation for Bo oil-gas systems, primarily from Middle
East reservoirs.
Dokla and Osman (1992) Based on 51 bottomhole samples taken
Correlations for Rs and Bo from UAE reservoirs.
Petrosky and Farshad (1993) Based on 81 oil samples from reservoirs
Correlations for Rs and Bo in the Gulf of Mexico.

A-2
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-3

A.1.1 Terminology
Before we discuss the PVT behaviour and transport property
procedures, you should be familiar with the following terms:
• Stock Tank Conditions
• Produced Gas Oil Ratio
• Solution Gas Oil Ratio
• Viscosity of Heavy Oil/Condensate Blends
• Specific Enthalpies for Gases and Liquids
• Oil-Water Emulsions

Stock Tank Conditions

Stock tank conditions are the basic reference conditions at
which the properties of different hydrocarbon systems can be
compared on a consistent basis. The stock tank conditions are
defined as 14.70 psia (101.325 kPa) and 60°F (15°C).

Produced Gas Oil Ratio

The produced gas oil ratio is the total amount of gas that is
produced from the reservoir with one stock tank volume of oil.
Typical units are scf/stb or m3 at s.c./m3 at s.c.

Solution Gas Oil Ratio

The solution gas/oil ratio is the amount of gas that saturates in
the oil at a given pressure and temperature. Typical units are
scf/stb or m3at s.c./m3 at s.c.

Above the bubble point pressure, for a given temperature, the

solution gas/oil ratio is equal to the produced gas oil ratio. For
stock tank oil (i.e., oil at stock tank conditions) the solution gas
oil ratio is considered to be zero.

A-3
A-4 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

Viscosity of Heavy Oil/Condensate

Blends
A common relationship for estimating the viscosity of a mixture
of two hydrocarbon liquids is as follows:

CA ( 1 – CA )
µm = µA × µB (A.1)

where:

µm= viscosity of the blended stream

µA = viscosity of liquid A

µB = viscosity of liquid B

CA= volume fraction of liquid A in the blended stream

µA
------ > 20
For cases where µ B , it is recommended by Shu (1984) that
another correlation should be used to calculate the viscosity of
the mixture assuming that liquid A is the heavier and more
viscous fluid than liquid B.

XA ( 1 – XA )
µm = µA × µB (A.2)

where:

αC A
X A = -----------------------
- (A.3)
αC A + C B

0.5237 3.2745 1.6316

17.04 ( S A – S B ) SA SB
α = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (A.4)
µA
Ln  ------
µB

SA = specific gravity of liquid A

SB = specific gravity of liquid B

A-4
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-5

Data from two different crude oil/condensate blends have been

used to compare the results predicted by Equation (A.1) and
Equation (A.2) through Equation (A.4). The following table
contains the available data for the two oils and the condensate
liquid.

API Specific Viscosity (mPa.s)

Liquid
Gravity Gravity 5°C 10°C 20°C
Oil A 14.3 0.970 12840 7400 2736
Oil B 14.3 0.964 3725 2350 1000
Condensate 82.1 0.662 0.42 0.385 -

To simplify viscosity calculations at intermediate temperatures,

the data given in the above table for each liquid were fitted to
the following form:

100 b
µ = a ⋅  --------------------------- (A.5)
1.8 ⋅ T + 32

where:

T = temperature, °C

a, b = fitted constants

The resulting values of a and b are given in the following table.

Liquid a b
Oil A 849.0 3.07
Oil B 370.0 2.62
Condensate 0.28 0.44

In all cases, the fit is very accurate (maximum error is about

3.6%) and the use of Equation (A.5) introduces minimal error
into the comparison.

A-5
A-6 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

Measured data were available at three temperatures (0°C, 5°C,

and 10°C) for each of the crude oils with three blending ratios
(90%, 80%, and 70% crude oil). Mixture viscosities calculated
by Equation (A.1) and Equation (A.2) are compared with
these data in the following table.

Equation 1.3 Equation 1.4

Temp Blend µmeas
Oil µcalc error µcalc error
(°C) (% crude) (mPa.s)
(mPa.s) (%) (mPa.s) (%)

A 0 90 2220 9348 321.1 2392 7.8

A 0 80 382 3111 714.4 370 -3.1
A 0 70 89 1035 1062.9 86 -3.4
A 5 90 1464 4661 218.4 1442 -1.5
A 5 80 272 1656 508.2 260 -4.4
A 5 70 71 588 728.2 66 -7.0
A 10 90 976 2670 173.6 953 -2.4
A 10 80 198 999 404.6 194 -2.0
A 10 70 56 374 567.9 53 -5.4
B 0 90 744 2774 272.9 989 32.9
B 0 80 147 1056 618.4 205 39.5
B 0 70 45 402 793.3 58 28.9
B 5 90 516 1531 196.7 629 21.9
B 5 80 112 615 449.1 148 32.1
B 5 70 37 247 567.6 45 21.6
B 10 90 396 951 140.2 436 10.1
B 10 80 87 399 358.6 113 29.9
B 10 70 29 168 479.3 37 27.6

From the table it is clear that the results calculated using

Equation (A.1) are not acceptable and would lead to gross
errors calculated pressure losses. As for Equation (A.2), it
gives excellent results for the blends involving Oil A. While the
errors associated with Oil B blends are significantly larger, they
are not unreasonable.

A-6
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-7

Equation (A.3) can be further modified to improve its accuracy

by introducing a proprietary calibration factor.

Equation 1.4
Temp Blend µmeas
Oil µcalc error
(°C) (% crude) (mPa.s)
(mPa.s) (%)
B 0 90 744 817 9.8
B 0 80 147 157 6.8
B 0 70 45 43 -4.4
B 5 90 516 529 2.5
B 5 80 112 115 2.7
B 5 70 37 34 -8.1
B 10 90 396 371 -6.3
B 10 80 87 90 3.4
B 10 70 29 28 -3.4

The results obtained from the modified Shu correlation show

that the calibration procedure has yielded a significant
improvement in accuracy. This also applies to data at 0°C,
which were not used in the determination of the calibration since
no measured viscosity values for either Oil B or the condensate
were available at that temperature.

It has been demonstrated that the correlation of Shu (1984) is

much superior to the simple blending relationship expressed by
Equation (A.1), and it is capable of giving acceptable accuracy
for most pipeline pressure drop calculations.

Specific Enthalpies for Gases and

Liquids
In pipelines and wells the The temperature profiles are calculated by simultaneously
Joule-Thompson effect is
typically exhibited as a solving the mechanical and total energy balance equations. The
large decrease in latter includes a term that is directly related to changes in the
temperature as a gas total enthalpy of the fluid(s). This means that all Joule-
expands across a
restriction. According to Thompson expansion cooling effects for gases, and frictional
the relationships between heating effects for liquids would be taken into account implicitly.
the temperature,
pressure, and latent It is not necessary, for example, to impose the approximations
energy of the fluid, the inherent in specifying a constant average value of a Joule-
fluid typically cools when Thompson coefficient. it is, however, necessary to be able to
it expands, and warms
when compressed. compute the specific enthalpy of any gas or liquid phase, at any

A-7
A-8 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

pressure and temperature, as accurately as possible. The

following sections describe the procedures for computing this
important thermodynamic parameter for various fluid systems.

Undefined Gases
For undefined single phase gases, where only the gravity is
known, the specific enthalpy is determined by assuming the gas
to be a binary mixture of the first two normal hydrocarbon gases
whose gravities span that of the unknown gas. The mole
fractions are selected such that the gravity of the binary mixture
is identical to that of the unknown gas of interest.

For example, a natural gas having a gravity of 0.688 would be

characterized as a binary mixture consisting of 72.3 mole %
methane (gravity = 0.5539) and 27.7 mole % ethane (gravity =
1.0382) since (0.723)(0.5539) + (0.277)(1.0382) = 0.688. The
enthalpy of the binary mixture, calculated as described above
for compositional systems, is then taken as the enthalpy of the
gas of interest. This is in fact the same procedure that has been
used to create the generalized specific enthalpy charts that
appear in the GPSA Engineering Data Book (1987).

The specific enthalpy has been evaluated as described above for

a number of specified gas gravities over a relatively wide range
of pressures and temperatures. The enthalpy of the unknown
gas is obtained at any given pressure and temperature by
interpolation within the resulting matrix of values.

A-8
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-9

Undefined Liquids
Undefined hydrocarbon liquids are characterized only by a
specific or API gravity, and possibly also the Watson K factor.
They are also referred to as “black oils”, and the specific
enthalpy is computed using the specific heat capacity calculated
using the correlation of Watson and Nelson (1933):

Cp = A1 × [ A2 + ( A3 T ) ] (A.6)

where:

Cp = specific heat capacity of the oil, btu/lb°F

T = temperature, °F

The three coefficients have the following equations:

A 1 = 0.055K + 0.35
A 2 = 0.6811 – 0.308γ o (A.7)
A 3 = 0.000815 – 0.000306γ o

where:
1⁄3
TB
K = Watson K factor = ----------
-
So
So = specific gravity of the oil

The specific enthalpy at any temperature T, relative to some

reference temperature To, is given by the following equation:

H = ∫ Cp ( T ) dT (A.8)
To

The specific enthalpy computed using Equation (A.8) is

independent of pressure. For real liquids, the effect of pressure
is relatively small compared to the temperature effect, but it
may become significant when the pressure gradient is large due
to flow rate rather than elevation effects.

A-9
A-10 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

Large pressure gradients tend to occur with high viscosity oils.

At higher flow rates, frictional heating effects can become
significant, and the heating tends to reduce the oil viscosity,
which in turn, affects the pressure gradient. Unfortunately, this
complex interaction cannot be predicted mathematically using
specific enthalpy values that are independent of pressure. The
net result is that the predicted pressure gradient will be higher
than should actually be expected.

For fully compositional systems, the calculated specific enthalpy

of a liquid phase does include the effect of pressure. A series of
calculations have been performed using the Peng-Robinson
(1976) equation of state for a variety of hydrocarbon liquids,
ranging from relatively light condensate liquids to relatively
heavy crude oils. In each case, specific enthalpy was calculated
over a wide range of pressures at a low, moderate, and high
temperature. In the case of the condensate liquids, specific
compositional analyses were used. For the heavier crude oils,
the composition consisted of a number of pseudo-components,
based on published boiling point assay data, as generated by
Neotec's technical utility module HYPOS. In all cases, the effect
of pressure was found to be constant and is well represented by
the following relation:

H P, T = H o + 0.0038 × ( P – 15 ) (A.9)
P ,T

where:

HP,T = specific enthalpy at the specific pressure and

temperature, btu/lb-°F

HPo,T = specific enthalpy computed with Equation (A.8)

P = pressure, psia

Figure A.1, Figure A.2, and Figure A.3 show the comparison
between specific enthalpies calculated using the Peng Robinson
equation of state and those computed using Equation (A.9) for
16.5, 31.9, and 40.5° API oils, respectively. For comparison
purposes, HPo,T was taken to be the value computed by the Peng
Robinson equations of state at 15 psia.

A-10
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-11

Effect of Pressure on Specific Enthalpy for a 16.5° API Oil

Figure A.1

Effect of Pressure on Specific Enthalpy for a 40.5° API Oil

Figure A.2

A-11
A-12 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

Effect of Pressure on Specific Enthalpy for a 31.9° API Oil

Figure A.3

The effect of pressure is included in all specific enthalpy

calculations, and therefore, in all temperature profile
calculations, in a way that closely approximates similar
calculations for fully compositional systems.

Oil-Water Emulsions
The rheological behaviour of emulsions may be non-Newtonian
and is often very complex. Generalized methods for predicting
transport properties are limited because of the wide variation in
observed properties for apparently similar fluids. It is usually
the case with non-Newtonian fluids that some laboratory data or
other experimental observations are required to provide a basis
for selecting or tuning transport property prediction methods.

Neotec assumed that an emulsion behaves as a pseudo-

homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbon liquid and water and may
thus be treated as if it were a single liquid phase with
appropriately defined transport properties.

A-12
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-13

The volumetric flow rate of this assumed phase is the sum of the
oil and water volumetric flow rates,

Qe = Qo + Qw (A.10)

where:

Qe = volumetric flow rate of emulsion, ft3/sec or m3/sec

Qo = volumetric flow rate of oil, ft3/sec or m3/sec

Qw = volumetric flow rate of water, ft3/sec or m3/sec

The water volume fraction in the emulsion, Cw, is thus given by,

Qw
C w = -------------------- (A.11)
Qo + Qw

Since the emulsion is assumed to be a pseudo-homogeneous

mixture, the density is given by,

ρe = ρw Cw + ρo ( 1 – Cw ) (A.12)

where:

ρe = density of the emulsion, lb/ft3 or kg/m3

ρw = density of the water at flowing conditions, lb/ft3 or kg/
m3

ρo = density of the oil at flowing conditions, lb/ft3 or kg/m3

The effective viscosity of an emulsion depends on the properties

of the oil, the properties of the water, and the relative amounts
of each phase. For a water-in-oil emulsion (i.e. oil is the
continuous phase), the effective viscosity of the emulsion can be
much higher than that of the pure oil.

A-13
A-14 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

A commonly used relationship for estimating the viscosity of a

water-in-oil emulsion is,

µe = Fe µo (A.13)

where:

µe = viscosity of the emulsion, cP or mPa.s

µo = viscosity of the oil, cP or mPa.s

Fe = emulsion viscosity factor

The factor Fe is usually considered to be a function of the water

fraction Cw and the best known procedure for estimating Fe is
the graphical correlation of Woelflin (1942).

More recently, Smith and Arnold (see Bradley, 1987)

recommended the use of the following simple quadratic
equation,

2
F e = 1.0 + 2.5C w + 14.1C w (A.14)

The emulsion viscosity factors based on Woelflin’s ‘medium’

emulsion curve (he also presented curves for ‘loose’ and ‘tight’
emulsions) are compared in Figure A.4 with those calculated
using Equation (A.14).

A-14
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-15

The two relationships are virtually identical for Cw < 0.4, but
diverge rapidly at higher values of Cw.

Figure A.4

With increasing water fraction, the system will gradually behave

more like water than oil. The water fraction at which the system
changes from a water-in-oil emulsion to an oil-in-water
emulsion is called the inversion point. The transition to an oil-in-
water emulsion is generally very abrupt and characterized by a
marked decrease in the effective viscosity. The actual inversion
point must usually be determined experimentally for a given
system as there is no reliable way to predict it. In many cases
however, it is observed to occur in mixtures consisting of
between 50% and 70% water.

Guth and Simha (1936) proposed a similar correlation as Smith

and Arnold (Equation (A.14)),

2
F e = 1.0 + 2.5C d + 14.1C d (A.15)

where:

Fe = emulsion viscosity multiplier for the continuous phase

viscosity

Cd = volume fraction of the dispersed phase

A-15
A-16 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

If Cwi is defined as the water fraction at the inversion point, then

for Cw < Cwi, the emulsion viscosity is given by Equation
(A.13), with Fe defined by Equation (A.14). However, for Cw >
Cwi, the emulsion viscosity should be computed using the
following expression,

µe = Fe µw (A.16)

where:

µw = viscosity of the water phase, cP or mPa.s

Fe = 1.0 + 2.5(1-Cw)+14.1(1-Cw)2

As shown in Equation (A.15), while the constant and the first

order term on the right can be shown to have a theoretical
basis, the squared term represents a purely empirical
modification. It seems reasonable therefore to view the
coefficient of the squared term (i.e., 14.1) as an adjustable
parameter in cases where actual data are available.

To illustrate the predicted effect of the inversion point, Figure

A.5 shows a case in which Cwi = 0.65. Also the corresponding
curves for several different values of the coefficient of the
squared term are compared.

Figure A.5

A-16
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-17

The large decrease in the predicted value of the emulsion

viscosity is evident. The effect on the emulsion viscosity can be
seen in Figure A.6, since, above the inversion point, the factor
is used to multiply the water viscosity, which is typically
significantly lower than the oil viscosity.

Limited experience to date in performing pressure loss

calculations for emulsions suggests that the Woelflin correlation
over-estimates the viscosity at higher water fractions. It is thus
recommended that one use the Guth and Simha equation unless
available data for a particular case suggest otherwise.

Figure A.6

A-17
A-18 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

A.1.2 PVT Behaviour and

Transport Property
Procedures
Figure A.7

There are nine PVT behaviour and transport property procedures

available in the Neotec Black Oil Methods Manger:
• Solution GOR
• Oil FVF
• Undersaturated Oil FVF
• Gas Viscosity
• Live Oil Viscosity
• Undersaturated Oil Viscosity
• Dead Oil Viscosity Equation
• Watson K Factor
• Surface Tension

Solution GOR
The solution gas oil ratio, Rs, is the amount of gas that is
assumed to be dissolved in the oil at a given pressure and
temperature. Typical units are scf/stb or m3 at s.c./m3 at s.c.

A-18
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-19

Above the bubble point pressure, for a given temperature, the

solution gas oil ratio is equal to the Produced Gas Oil Ratio. For
the oil at Stock Tank Conditions, the solution gas oil ratio is
considered to be zero.

You can select one of the following methods to calculate the

solution GOR:
• Standing.
• Vasquez Beggs.
• Lasater.
• Glaso (Non Volatile Oils)
• Glaso (Volatile Oils)
• Al Marhoun (1985)
• Al Marhoun (Middle East Oils)
• Petrosky and Farshad
• Dolka and Osman

Oil FVF
The Oil Formation Volume Factor is the ratio of the liquid volume
at stock tank conditions to that at reservoir conditions.

The formation volume factor (FVF, Bo) for a hydrocarbon liquid

is the volume of one stock tank volume of that liquid plus its
dissolved gas (if any), at a given pressure and temperature,
relative to the volume of that liquid at stock tank conditions.
Typical units are bbl/stb or m3/m3 at s.c.

You can select one of the following methods to calculate the Oil
FVF:
• Standing
• Vasquez Beggs
• Glaso
• Al Marhoun (1985),
• Al Marhoun (Middle East OIls)
• Al Marhoun (1992)
• Abdul-Majeed and Salman
• Petrosky and Farshad
• Dolka and Osman

A-19
A-20 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

Undersaturated Oil FVF

In HYSYS, the default calculation method is Vasquez Beggs. You
can choose other calculation methods as follows:
• Al Marhoun (1992)
• Petrosky and Farshad

Figure A.8 shows the typical behaviour of the oil formation

volume factor that is observed as the system pressure is
increased at a constant temperature.
Figure A.8

From the initial pressure up to the bubble point pressure (i.e.,

the point at which GOR = Rs, which happens to be 3,073 psia in
this case), the oil is assumed to be saturated, and Bo continues
to increase, as more and more gas goes into solution. The effect
of this increasing solution gas is always much greater than the
corresponding shrinkage of the oil due to pure compression
effects.

A-20
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-21

At the bubble point, there is no more gas to go into the solution,

and the oil then becomes progressively more undersaturated
with increasing pressure. With the solution gas-oil ratio being
constant, the portion of the curve in Figure A.8 labelled
“Compressibility Ignored” shows the behaviour that would be
predicted by the correlations for Bo that we have looked at to
this point. In actual fact, however, at pressures greater than the
bubble point pressure, Bo is decreasing, due totally to the
compressibility of the oil. The actual behaviour that is observed
is thus indicated in Figure A.8 by the portion of the curve
labelled “Compressibility Included”.

In general, the compressibility of liquids tends to be relatively

low, and the pressure effect on Bo is thus not large. In this
particular case, Bo decreases from 1.417 at the bubble point
pressure to 1.389 at a pressure of 6,000 psia, which represents
a volume decrease of only about 2% for a pressure increase of
almost 50%. For some fluid systems, however, particularly
lighter oils with relatively high GOR values, the effect can be
significantly larger.

Gas Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow of or through a
medium. As a gas is heated, the molecules' movement increases
and the probability that one gas molecule will interact with
another increases. This translates into an increase in
intermolecular activity and attractive forces. The viscosity of a
gas is caused by a transfer of momentum between stationary
and moving molecules. As temperature increases, molecules
collide more often and transfer a greater amount of their
momentum. This increases the viscosity.

You can select one of the following calculation methods to

calculate the gas viscosity:
• Lee, Gonzalez and Eakin
• Carr, Kobayashi and Burrows (Dempsay version)
• Carr, Kobayashi and Burrows (Dranchuk version)

A-21
A-22 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

Live Oil Viscosity

Live oil viscosity is the measure of flow resistance of the live oil.
Live oil refers to oil that is in equilibrium with any gas that may
be present. If there is any free gas, the oil is also said to be
saturated. If there is no free gas, but more could go into
solution in the oil if it were present, the oil is said to be
undersaturated.

You can select one of the following calculation methods to

calculate the live oil viscosity:
• Chew and Connally
• Beggs and Robinson
• Khan

Undersaturated Oil Viscosity

For a given temperature, an oil is said to be undersaturated at
any pressure above the bubble point pressure. Increasing the
pressure would force more gas to go into solution if there was
any, but above the bubble point pressure, there is no more free
gas. With no more gas going into solution above the bubble
point, the viscosity of the oil actually begins to increase with
increasing pressure due to the compressibility of the oil. Since
liquid compressibility is typically small, the effect of pressure on
viscosity is much smaller above the bubble point than below.

A number of correlations have been proposed for computing the

viscosity of undersaturated oils, and a few of these are
described below. All of these procedures assume that the bubble
point pressure is known at the temperature of interest, as well
as the saturated oil viscosity corresponding to the bubble point
pressure.

You can select one of the following calculation methods to

compute the undersaturated oil viscosity:
• Vasquez and Beggs
• Beal
• Khan
• Abdul and Majeed

A-22
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-23

Dead Oil Viscosity Equation

The term Dead Oil refers to oil that has been taken to stock tank
conditions and contains no dissolved gas (in other words, gas
solution). Dead oil may exist at any pressure or temperature,
but it is always assumed that all gas was removed at stock tank
conditions. Any properties ascribed to a dead oil are thus
characteristic of the oil itself.

Dead Oil Viscosity is the viscosity of an oil with no gas in

solution. A number of the more useful methods for calculating
this quantity are defined in the equations below.

The General Equation is defined as,

100 SLP
µ do = CEPT  --------- (A.17)
 T 

where:

µdo = dead oil dynamic viscosity, cP

CEPT, SLP = constants for a given oil

T = oil temperature, °F

The ASTM Equation is defined as,

log 10 ( log 10 Z ) = A – Blog 10 ( T + 460 ) (A.18)

where:

Z = νdo + 0.7

νdo = dead oil kinematic viscosity, cS

A, B = constants for a given oil

T = oil temperature, °F

A-23
A-24 Neotec Black Oil Methods and

The kinematic viscosity, νdo is given by,

µ do
ν do = -------
- (A.19)
ρo

where:

ρo = density of the oil at the temperature of interest,

expressed in g/cm3.

The Eyring Equation is given by,

1.8B
ν do = Aexp  ------------------ (A.20)
 T + 460

where:

A and B = constants for a given oil

Watson K Factor
You can choose to specify the Watson K Factor, or you can have
HYSYS calculate the Watson K Factor. The default option is
Specify.
The Watson K Factor is used to characterize crude oils and crude
oil fractions. It is defined as,

1⁄3
TB
K = ----------
- (A.21)
SG o

where:

K = Watson K factor

TTB = normal average boiling point for the crude oil or crude
oil fraction, °R

SGo = specific gravity of the crude oil or crude oil fraction

A-24
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-25

For example, a particular kerosene cut, obtained over the

boiling point range 284 - 482 °F, has a specific gravity of
0.7966. Then,

1⁄3
K = [----------------------------------------------------------------
0.5 ( 284 + 482 ) + 460 ] -
0.7966 (A.22)
= 11.86

Values of K typically range from about 11.5 to 12.4, although

both lower and higher values are observed. In the absence of a
known value, K = 11.9 represents a reasonable estimate.

Surface Tension
Surface tension is the measure of attraction between the
surface molecules of a liquid. In porous medium systems (i.e. oil
reservoirs), surface tension is an important parameter in the
estimation of recoverable reserves because of its effect on
residual saturations. On the other hand, most correlations and
models for predicting two phase flow phenomena in pipelines
are relatively insensitive to surface tension, and one can
generally use an average value for calculation purposes.
Calculations for wells have a somewhat stronger dependence on
surface tension, in that this property can be important in
predicting bubble and droplet sizes (maximum stable droplet
size increases as surface tension increases), which in turn, can
significantly influence the calculated pressure drop. Even then,
however, surface tension typically appears in the equations
raised to only about the ¼ power.

You can choose to have the surface tension calculated by

HYSYS, or you can specify the surface tension. The default
option is Calculate.

A-25
A-26 References

A.2 References
1
Abbot, M. M., Kaufmann, T. G., and Domash, L., "A Correlation for
Predicting Liquid Viscosities of Petro-leum Fractions", Can. J. Chem.
Eng., Vol. 49, p. 379, June (1971).
2
Abdul-Majeed, G. H., and Salman, N. H., "An Empirical Correlation for
Oil FVF Prediction", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 27, No. 6, p. 118,
Nov.-Dec. (1988).
3
Abdul-Majeed, G. H., Kattan, R. R., and Salman, N. H.,"New
Correlation for Estimating the Viscosity of Under-saturated Crude
Oils", J. Can. Petrol.Technol., Vol. 29, No. 3, p. 80, May-June
(1990.)
4
Al-Marhoun, M. A., "Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations for
Saudi Crude Oils", paper No. SPE 13718, presented at the Middle
East Oil Tech. Conf. and Exhib., Bahrain (1985)
5
Al-Marhoun, M. A., "PVT Correlations for Middle East Crude Oils", J.
Petrol. Technol., p. 660, May (1988).
6
Al-Marhoun, M. A., "New Correlations for Formation Volume Factors
of Oil and Gas Mixtures", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 31, No. 3, p.
22 (1992).
7
American Gas Association, "Compressibility and Supercompressibility
for Natural Gas and Other Hydrocarbon Gases", Transmission
Measurement Committee Report No. 8, December 15 (1985).
8
American Petroleum Institute, API 44 Tables: Selected Values of
Properties of Hydro-carbons and Related Compounds, (1975).
9
Asgarpour, S., McLauchlin, L., Wong, D., and Cheung, V., "Pressure-
Volume-Temperature Correlations for Wes-tern Canadian Gases
and Oils", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 28, No. 4, p. 103, Jul-Aug
(1989).
10
Baker, O., and Swerdloff, W., "Finding Surface Tension of
Hydrocarbon Liquids", Oil and Gas J., p. 125, January 2 (1956).
11
Beal, C., "The Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, Crude Oil and its
Associated Gases at Oil Field Temperatures and Pressures", Trans.
AIME, Vol. 165, p. 94 (1946).
12
Beg, S. A., Amin, M. B., and Hussain, I., "Generalized Kinematic
Viscosity-Temperature Correlation for Undefined Petroleum
Fractions", The Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 38, p. 123 (1988).

A-26
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-27

13
Beggs, H. D., and Robinson, J. R., "Estimating the Viscosity of Crude
Oil Systems", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 1140, September (1975).
14
Bradley, H.B. (Editor-in-Chief), Petroleum Engineering Handbook,
Society of Petrol. Engrs (1987); Smith, H.V., and Arnold, K.E.,
Chapter 19 "Crude Oil Emulsions".
15
Carr, N. L., Kobayashi, R., and Burrows, D. B., "Viscosity of
Hydrocarbon Gases Under Pressure", Trans. AIME, Vol. 201, p. 264
(1954).
16
Chew, J., and Connally, C. A., "A Viscosity Correlation for Gas
Saturated Crude Oils", Trans. AIME, Vol. 216, p. 23 (1959).
17 Dean,
D. E., and Stiel, L. I., "The Viscosity of Nonpolar Gas Mixtures
at Moderate and High Pressures", AIChE J., Vol. 11, p. 526 (1965).
18
Dempsey, J. R., "Computer Routine Treats Gas Viscosity as a
Variable", Oil and Gas J., p. 141, August 16 (1965).
19 Dokla,
M. E., and Osman, M. E., "Correlation of PVT Properties for
UAE Crudes", SPE Form. Eval., p. 41, Mar. (1992).
20 Dranchuk,
P.M., Purvis, R.A., and Robinson, D.B., "Computer
Calculations of Natural Gas Compressibility Factors Using the
Standing and Katz Correlations", Inst. of Petrol. Technical Series,
No. IP74-008, p. 1 (1974).
21
Dranchuk, P. M., and Abou-Kassem, J. H., "Calculations of Z Factors
for Natural Gases Using Equa-tions of State", J. Can. Petrol.
Technol., p. 34, July-Sept. (1975).
22 Dranchuk,
P. M., Islam, R. M. , and Bentsen, R. G., "A Mathematical
Representation of the Carr, Kobayashi, and Burrows Natural Gas
Viscosity Cor-relations", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., p. 51, January
(1986).
23 Elsharkawy, A. M., Hashem, Y. S., and Alikan, A. A., Compressibility
Factor for Gas-Condensates", Paper SPE 59702, presented at the
SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conf., Midland, TX, March
(2000).
24
Eyring, H., "Viscosity, Plasticity and Diffusion as Examples of Absolute
Reaction Rates", J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 4, p. 283 (1936).
25
Gas Processors Association, Engineering Data Book, Tulsa,
Oklahoma, 9th Edition (1977), 10th Edition (1987).
26 Glasø, Ø., "Generalized Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations",
J. Petrol. Technol., p. 785, May (1980).
27 Gomez, J. V., "Method Predicts Surface Tension of Petroleum
Fractions", Oil and Gas J., p. 68, December 7 (1987).

A-27
A-28 References

28
Gray, H. E., "Vertical Flow Correlation - Gas Wells", API Manual 14
BM, Second Edition, Appendix B, p. 38, American Petroleum
Institute, Dallas, Texas, January (1978).
29
Gregory, G. A., "Viscosity of Heavy Oil/Condensate Blends", Technical
Note No. 6,
30
Neotechnology Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Canada, July (1985).
31
Gregory, G. A., "Pipeline Calculations for Foaming Crude Oils and
Crude Oil-Water Emulsions", Technical Note No. 11, Neotechnology
Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Canada, January (1990).
32
Gregory, G. A., "Calculate the Density of Non-hydrocarbon Gases
Correctly", Technical Note No. 24, Neotechnology Consultants Ltd.,
Calgary, Canada, November (2000).
33
Guth, E., and Simha, R., Kolloid-Zeitschrift, Vol. 74, p. 266 (1936).
34 Hatschek,
E., "Die Viskositat der Dispersoide", Kolloid-Zeitschrift, Vol.
8, p. 34 (1911).
35 Hougen,
O. A., Watson, K. M., and Ragatz, R. A., Chemical Process
Principles, Vol. 2, p. 593, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
(1959).
36
Jossi, J. A., Stiel, L. I., and Thodos, G., "The Viscosity of Pure
Substances in the Dense, Gaseous, and Liquid Phases", AIChE J.,
Vol. 8, p. 59 (1962).
37 Katz,
D. L., and Firoozabadi, A., "Predicting Phase Behaviour of
Condensate/Crude Oil Systems Using Methane Interaction
Coefficients", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 1649, November (1978).
38 Kay,
W. B., "Density of Hydrocarbon Gases and Vapor at High
Temperature and Pressure", Ind. Eng. Chem., p. 1014, September
(1936).
39
Khan, S. A., Al-Marhoun, M. A., Duffuaa, S. O., and Abu-Khamsin, S.
A., "Viscosity Correlations for Saudi Arabian Crude Oils", paper No.
SPE 15720, presented at the 5th SPE Middle East Oil Show,
Manama, Bahrain, March (1987).
40
Lasater, J. A., "Bubble Point Pressure Correlation", Trans. AIME, Vol.
213, p. 379, (1958).
41 Lee, A. L., Gonzalez, M. H., and Eakin, B. E., "The Viscosity of Natural
Gases", J. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 18, p. 997 (1966).
42
Manning, R. E., "Computation Aids for Kinematic Viscosity
Conversions from 100 and 210 oF to 40 and 100 oC", J. of Testing
and Evaluations (JVETA), Vol. 2, p. 522, November (1974).

A-28
 Neotec Black Oil Methods A-29

43
Meehan, D. N., "A Correlation for Water Viscosity", Petrol. Eng. Int.,
July (1980).
44
McCain, W. D., "Black Oils and Volatile Oils - What's the Difference?",
Pet. Eng. Intl., p. 24, November (1993).
45
McCain, W. D., "Volatile Oils and Retrograde Gases - What's the
Difference?", Pet. Eng. Int., p. 35, January (1994a).
46
McCain, W. D., "Heavy Components Control Reservoir Fluid
Behaviour", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 764, September (1994).
47
Moses, P. L., "Engineering Applications of Phase Behaviour of Crude
Oil and Condensate Systems", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 715, July
(1986).
48
Ng, J. T. H., and Egbogah, E. O., "An Improved Temperature-
Viscosity Correlation for Crude Oil Systems", Paper No. 83-34-32,
presented at the 34th Ann. Tech. Mtg. of The Petrol. Soc. of CIM,
Banff, Alta, May (1983).
49 Petrosky,
G. E., and Farshad, F. F., "Pressure-Volume-Temperature
Correlations for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils", Paper No. SPE 26644,
presented at the 68th Ann. Tech. Conf. & Exhib. of the SPE, Dallas,
TX, Sept. (1987).
50 Reid,
R. C., Prausnitz, J. M., and Sherwood, T. K., The Properties of
Gases and Liquids, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York
(1977).
51
Riazi, M. R., and Daubert, T. E., "Simplify Property Predictions",
Hydrocarbon Processing, p. 115, March (1980).
52 Shu,
W. R., "A Viscosity Correlation for Mixtures of Heavy Oil,
Bitumen, and Petroleum Fractions", SPE Jour., p 277, June (1984).
53 Society of Petroleum Engineers, Petroleum Engineering Handbook,
Chapter 19, "Crude Oil Emulsions", by Smith, H.V., and Arnold,
K.E., p. 19-6, Richardson, Texas (1987).
54
Society of Petroleum Engineers, Petroleum Engineering Handbook,
H.B. Bradley, Editor-in Chief, Richardson, Texas (1987).
55
Standing, M. B., "A Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations for
Mixtures of California Oils and Gases", Drill. Prod. Practice, API, p.
247 (1947).
56 Standing, M. B., Volumetric and Phase Behaviour of Oil Field
Hydrocarbon Systems, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,
Dallas, Texas, 8th Printing (1977).
57 Standing, M. B., and Katz, D. L., "Density of Natural Gases", Trans.
AIME, Vol. 146, p. 140 (1942).

A-29
A-30 References

58
Sutton, R. P., "Compressibility Factor for High Molecular Weight
Reservoir Gases", Paper SPE 14265, presented at the Ann. Tech.
Mtg. and Exhib. of the SPE, Las Vegas, September (1985).
59
Sutton, R. P., and Farshad, F., "Evaluation of Empirically Derived PVT
Properties for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils", SPE Res. Eng., p. 79, Feb.
(1990).
60
Twu, C. H., "Generalized Method for Predicting Viscosities of
Petroleum Fractions", AIChE J., Vol. 32, No. 12, p. 2091 (1986).
61
Twu, C. H., and Bulls, J. W., "Viscosity Blending Tested",
Hydrocarbon Proc., p. 217, April (1981).
62 Vasquez,
M., and Beggs, H. D., "Correlations for Fluid Physical
Property Prediction", Paper SPE 6719, presented at the 52nd
Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, Col. (1977),
Published in J. Petrol. Technol., p. 968 (1980).
63
Watson, K. M., and Nelson, E. F., "Improved Methods for
Approximating Critical and Thermal Properties of Petroleum
Fractions", Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 25, p. 880, August (1933).
64 Wichert,
E., and Aziz, K., Compressibility Factor of Sour Natural
Gases", Can. J. Chem. Eng., Vol. 49, p. 267, April (1971).
65 Wichert,
E., and Aziz, K., "Calculated Z's for Sour Gases",
Hydrocarbons Processing, p. 119, May (1972).
66
Woelflin, W., "Viscosity of Crude Oil Emulsions", Oil and Gas J., Vol.
40, No. 45, p. 35, March 19 (1942).

A-30
 Black Oil Transition Methods B-1

B Black Oil Transition

Methods

B.1 Transition Methods ........................................................................ 2

B.1.1 Simple Method......................................................................... 2
B.1.2 Three Phase Method ................................................................. 4
B.1.3 Infochem Multiflash .................................................................. 6

B-1
B-2 Transition Methods

B.1Transition Methods
The Black Oil Transition is the engine that is used in translating
between black oils and compositional models. There are two
available methods for Black Oil Transition:
• Simple
• Three Phase

B.1.1 Simple Method

The Simple method is a set of black oil transitions that do not
require any additional user input at the operation level. The
Simple method can be used when transitioning between the
types of streams described in the following sections.

Figure B.1

Black Oil to Black Oil

If two different black oil fluid packages are available within a
flowsheet, the Simple method can be used for the transitioning
between them. In this case, you need to specify the viscosity
method and any corresponding viscosity data (such as a
viscosity curve if required for that particular method) on the
outlet stream. The transferrable properties include
Temperature, Pressure, Phase Mass Flow Rates, Watson K (if

B-2
 Black Oil Transition Methods B-3

necessary), Surface Tension (if necessary), Oil Gravity, Gas

Gravity or Gas Composition, and Water Gravity.

Compositional to Black Oil

When using a traditional compositional fluid package and a black
oil fluid package in the same flowsheet, it maybe desirable to
set the inlet as the compositional stream and the outlet as the
black oil stream. This way, the Simple method can be used. The
Temperature, Pressure, Phase Mass Flow Rates, Watson K (if
necessary), Surface Tension (if necessary), Oil Gravity, Gas
Gravity or Gas Composition, and Water Gravity are all
transferred to the outlet.

Black Oil to Compositional

The Simple method can also be used to convert between black
oil and compositional material streams. In this situation the
Temperature, Pressure, and Overall Mass Flow Rate are
transferred to the outlet compositional material stream from the
black oil inlet stream. As such, the outlet stream must already
have a defined composition. This feature is primarily useful in
providing flowsheet continuity. For a more thorough form of
transition the Three Phase method should be used.

B-3
B-4 Transition Methods

B.1.2 Three Phase Method

The Three Phase method of transition is used when thorough
conversion from black oil to compositional transition is required.
The Three Phase method independently characterizes the three
phases of the black oil as compositional phases and then
recombines the phases back into a single compositional stream.

Figure B.2

The Normalize
Composition button is
useful when many
components are
available, but you want to
specify compositions for
only a few. When you
enter the compositions,
click the Normalize
Composition button and
HYSYS ensures the Total
is 1.0, while also
specifying any <empty>
compositions as zero. If
compositions are left as
<empty>, HYSYS cannot
perform the flash Allows you to enter any value for fractional Clears all compositions.
calculation on the stream. compositions and have HYSYS normalize
the values such that the total equals to 1.

Gas Phase
The black oil gas phase is converted to a compositional model by
relying on user inputs. If the black oil inlet stream has a known
gas phase composition it is used by the Black Oil Transition. The
composition as displayed in Figure B.2 is referred to as the
Operating Gas Composition. You can overwrite the Operating
Gas Composition. If you do not modify the Operating Gas
Composition it will automatically reflect any changes that occur
to the inlet black oil stream gas composition. If you modify the
Operating Gas Composition, any changes to the inlet stream
black oil gas composition will not be propagated to the
Operating Gas Composition.

B-4
 Black Oil Transition Methods B-5

Oil Phase
The Black Oil oil phase is transitioned to a compositional model
using the HYSYS Oil Manager Bulk Properties Assay Definition
methods. The transition passes on the oil phase standard
density and oil phase Watson K to the Oil Manager and an
appropriate assay and blend is created for the user. This
functionality is automatically done by HYSYS and no additional
user interaction is required.

Figure B.3

You can use the Oil Phase Cut Options to adjust the light end
and auto-characterize the hypocomponents into user specified
light end components. You have the option to have the HYSYS
Oil Manager perform an auto cut, or specify the appropriate
number of cuts.

Water Phase
The black oil water phase is assumed to be pure water by the
black oil transition.

After the transition models the three phases, it recombines

them into the outlet stream and passes on Temperature,
Pressure, and Overall Mass Flow Rate. At this point, the outlet
stream will flash and in most cases three corresponding
compositional phases will be calculated. The outlet Vapour

B-5
B-6 Transition Methods

phase represents the inlet Gas phase, the Liquid phase

represents the Oil phase, and the Aqueous phase represents the
Water phase. The outlet stream's property package and the
flash determine the existence of phases, the phase fractions,
and the phase properties. In most cases these items will be very
similar to the inlet black oil stream particularly when using a
property package such as Peng-Robinson. Overall Mass balance
between the inlet and outlet is assured.

B.1.3 Infochem Multiflash

Multiflash is an advanced software package for modeling the
properties of gases, liquids and solids. It consists of a
comprehensive library of thermodynamic and transport property
models, a physical property databank, methods for
characterising and matching the properties of petroleum fluids
and multiphase flashes capable of handling any combination of
phases.

Refer to Chapter 2 - Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream for

more information on Infochem Multiflash.

B-6
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-1

2 Multiflash for HYSYS

Upstream

2.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Installing Multiflash .................................................................. 2

2.2 Multiflash Property Package .......................................................... 3

2.2.1 Adding a Multiflash Property Package .......................................... 3
2.2.2 Configuring a Property Package.................................................. 7
2.2.3 Carrying Out Calculations ........................................................ 11

2-1
2-2 Introduction

2.1 Introduction
Multiflash is an advanced software package for modeling the
properties of gases, liquids and solids. It consists of a
comprehensive library of thermodynamic and transport property
models, a physical property databank, methods for
characterising and matching the properties of petroleum fluids
and multiphase flashes capable of handling any combination of
phases.

This chapter describes the use of Multiflash with HYSYS

Upstream (a product of Aspen Technology Inc.). Multiflash is
available as a property package in the COMThermo
thermodynamics option. The use of the Multiflash GUI for
Microsoft Windows is described in the User Guide for
Multiflash for Windows which is supplied as a pdf file (in the
Multiflash installation directory) and as online help.

2.1.1 Installing Multiflash

Multiflash for COMThermo is installed as part of the HYSYS
Upstream. The installation instructions in the User Guide for
Multiflash for Windows refer to the standalone version of
Multiflash and do not apply to HYSYS Upstream.

2-2
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-3

2.2 Multiflash Property

Package
A Multiflash property package consists of a set of components
and thermodynamic and transport property models for several
phases. In HYSYS terminology it corresponds to a Fluid Package
plus a set of components. You may create several different
property packages with different components and/or models as
required.

2.2.1 Adding a Multiflash

Property Package
To add a Multiflash property package to a new case, you must
start HYSYS.
1. From the File menu, select New and then Case.
The Simulation Basis Manager appears.

Figure 2.1

2-3
2-4 Multiflash Property Package

The components for the property package must be selected

within the Multiflash GUI, for more information refer to the
section on Components. You cannot select the components
within HYSYS.

Refer to Chapter 8 - PVT 2. Click on the Enter PVT Environment button. The PVT
Environment in the Environment Manager appears.
HYSYS Simulation
Basis guide for more 3. On the Engine Setup tab, click the Add button. A new PVT
information on the PVT package (PVT-1) is added to the PVT package list.
Environment Manager.

Figure 2.2

4. From the Selected Engine list, select Infochem

Multiflash.

2-4
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-5

5. Click the Launch Engine button to launch the Infochem

Multiflash GUI.

Figure 2.3

Multiflash Flash
The Multiflash flash is very reliable in most circumstances,
including situations with multiple liquid phases and solids. The
convergence tolerance is very tight and, therefore, it may take
longer to converge than some other options but the result is
correct. For simple vapour-liquid equilibrium calculations any
flash method should be reliable.

The Multiflash flash is capable of doing calculations for solid,

liquid and gas phases but for HYSYS Upstream only the gas
and liquid phases are used.

2-5
2-6 Multiflash Property Package

HYSYS Flash
If you are using the HYSYS flash and you want to change the
flash settings, you can click the Advanced button on the HYSYS-
Multiflash Setup view, which opens the Fluid Package view.

Figure 2.4

When you click the Extended PropPkg Setup button, the

Extended Property Package Setup view appears.

Figure 2.5

Refer to Section 2.2.2 -

Configuring a Property
Package for information Clicking the Finish Setup button opens the Multiflash GUI.
on configuring the
property package.

2-6
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-7

2.2.2 Configuring a Property

Package
The Multiflash Windows program (GUI) is used to configure a
property package for HYSYS Upstream but it can also be used to
carry out flash calculations, to plot phase envelopes or to
regress model parameters to match experimental
measurements. The use of the GUI is described in the User
Guide for Multiflash for Windows. This section gives a brief
description of how it is used with HYSYS and highlights extra
features provided for the HYSYS setup.

To configure a Property Package it is necessary to specify the

following information:
• The components (substances) that are included. These
maybe any components from databanks supported by
Multiflash or petroleum fraction pseudocomponents.
• The thermodynamic/physical property models that will
be used to evaluate properties such as volume, enthalpy,
fugacity coefficients, transport properties.
• The binary interaction parameters (BIPs) that will be
used by the model(s).
• The phases which may be included.

Components
The Select/Components menu item allows you to specify the
components in the property package. Components may be
selected from a databank by clicking on a component name or
typing the name of a component. Components in a databank
may be searched for by name, part of a name or by formula as
shown in the figure below.

Petroleum fraction pseudocomponents may be specified by

entering properties such as molecular weight, specific gravity,
and Multiflash will then estimate any other properties required.

2-7
2-8 Multiflash Property Package

In addition there is an option to define a new component by

entering in all the data.

Figure 2.6

Petroleum Fluid Characterisation

An alternative way of entering compositional information is to
use the PVT Lab Input item on the Select menu. This displays a
form that allows input of the typical information included in a
PVT report produced by oil industry service companies. The
representation of the fluid can be controlled by the user by
selecting the number of pseudocomponents used to describe the
fluid is and how to group or split pseudocomponents.

2-8
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-9

Other information used to set up solid deposition models in

Multiflash may also be entered.

Figure 2.7

2-9
2-10 Multiflash Property Package

Physical Property Models and Phases

Multiflash offers a wide choice of models for representing the
properties of fluid and solid phases. Models are defined using
the Select/Model Set menu item.

Figure 2.8

The Select Model Set window has several tabs that group
together different types of models. Figure 2.8 shows the
equation of state models. A number of different transport
property options may be selected along with the thermodynamic
models. Models that are not part of your license will be greyed
out and cannot be selected. After choosing a model click the
Define Model button and then Close to return to the main
window.

The number of phases available in a Multiflash property package

can be controlled by the checkboxes in the lower right hand
corner of the Select Model Set window. By default most of the
equation of state models are set up for four phases: Gas,
Liquid1, Liquid2 and Water (aqueous phase). In cases where
two liquid phases in addition to water are unlikely performance
can be improved by clearing the Liquid2 checkbox. Similarly if
an aqueous phase will not be present the Water phase may be
unchecked.

2-10
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-11

Although Multiflash does not have restrictions on the type

and number of phases, the HYSYS flash or HYSYS unit
operations may not support all the phases.

Binary Interaction Parameters

Most models require values of binary interaction parameters
(BIPs) to make sure the model represents the interactions
between components in a mixture. BIPs for the equation of state
models are mostly generated automatically using correlations.
For activity models a large number of BIPs are stored on the
supplied BIP databanks but it is necessary for the user to enter
any missing values. This is done using the Tools/BIPs menu
item.

2.2.3 Carrying Out

Calculations
Once the components, models and other parameters have been
set up as described in Section 2.2.2 - Configuring a Property
Package, you may use the Multiflash GUI to carry out property
calculations.

Composition
To enter a mixture composition click on the Compositions
button. The amount of each component can be entered in the
mole field. The amounts are total moles or mass rather than
mole fractions or mass fractions.

Figure 2.9

2-11
2-12 Multiflash Property Package

Units
Units of measurement for the Multiflash GUI can be set using
the Select/Units menu item. This only affects operation of the
GUI and has no connection with units in HYSYS.

Figure 2.10

2-12
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-13

Flash Calculations
To carry out a flash calculation set the values of known
quantities in the Input Conditions display and select an option
from the Calculate menu. There are toolbar buttons for many of
the common flash calculations. Calculated properties are
displayed in the main window. The properties calculated depend
on the property output level selected. This can be changed using
the Select/Property Output menu item.

Figure 2.11

2-13
2-14 Multiflash Property Package

Phase Envelope
Phase boundaries and lines of fixed volume, enthalpy, entropy
can be plotted. Use the Calculate/Phase Envelope menu item. To
plot a vapour-liquid phase boundary click on the VLE AutoPlot
button – see example output below. Other types of diagrams
may be plotted by setting the Basis and X/Y axes as required.

Figure 2.12

Matching Experimental Data

It is possible to adjust models to match measured values of
quantities such as dew points, bubble points and viscosities for
petroleum fluids. The mixture must include petroleum fraction
pseudocomponents for the matching options to work. To match
data use the Tools/Matching menu item.

2-14
 Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-15

Online Help
Help is provided by two items on the Help menu. Help Topics is
an online version of the Multiflash for Windows User Guide and
Multiflash Error Codes gives an explanation of any error or
warning messages issued by Multiflash.

Returning to HYSYS
After a property package has been configured you may return to
HYSYS by selecting the Exit item from the File menu. This will
display a warning message:

Figure 2.13

Click OK to return to HYSYS, or Cancel to return to Multiflash to

allow further editing of the configuration.

2-15
2-16 Multiflash Property Package

2-16
 Lumper and Delumper 3-1

3 Lumper and
Delumper

3.1 Lumper .......................................................................................... 2

3.1.1 Lumper Property View............................................................... 2
3.1.2 Design Tab .............................................................................. 4
3.1.3 Rating Tab............................................................................. 22
3.1.4 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 22
3.1.5 Dynamics Tab ........................................................................ 22

3.2 Delumper ..................................................................................... 23

3.2.1 Delumper Property View.......................................................... 24
3.2.2 Design Tab ............................................................................ 25
3.2.3 Rating Tab............................................................................. 37
3.2.4 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 37
3.2.5 Dynamics Tab ........................................................................ 37

3.3 References ................................................................................... 37

3-1
3-2 Lumper

3.1 Lumper
The Lumper is an upstream operation, which allows the user to
blend multiple (well) streams to one stream with a reduced
number of components to the total components into the unit
operation. This technique is used to map petroleum and process
thermodynamic properties together.

The Lumper unit operation is currently available only in steady

state mode. The user can attach one or more streams using one
or more different fluid packages with a total of n distinct
components. In the simulation environment, the user then adds
a new equation of state (EOS) fluid package, fluid package
name and components list name to lump the n distinct
components into y components using the Montel and Gouel1 or
Custom lumping methods.

3.1.1 Lumper Property View

You can also add the There are two ways that you can add a Lumper to your
Lumper by clicking the
F12 hot key.
simulation:
You can also open the 1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Add Operation. The
Object Palette by clicking UnitOps view appears.
the F4 hot key.
2. Click the Upstream Ops radio button.
3. From the list of available unit operations, select Lumper.
4. Click the Add button.

OR

3-2
 Lumper and Delumper 3-3

1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Palette (or press F4). The
Object Palette appears.
2. Click on the Upstream Ops icon. The Upstream Object
Palette appears.

Figure 3.1

3. In the Upstream Object Palette, double-click the Lumper

icon.

Lumper icon The Lumper property view appears.

Figure 3.2

You can also delete a To delete the Lumper operation, click the Delete button. HYSYS
Lumper by clicking on
the Lumper icon on the
will ask you to confirm the deletion.
PFD and pressing the
DELETE key. To ignore the Lumper during calculations, activate the Ignored
checkbox. HYSYS completely disregards the operation (and

3-3
3-4 Lumper

cannot calculate the outlet stream) until you restore it to an

active state by deactivating the checkbox.

3.1.2 Design Tab

The Design tab consists of the following pages:
• Connections
• Parameters
• Lumping
• User Variables
• Notes

Connections Page
You can specify one or The Connections page is used to define all of the connections to
more inlet streams using the Lumper. You can specify the inlet streams to attach to the
one or more different
fluid packages. The fluid operation. The name of the operation can be changed in the
packages may have Name field, and you can also change the name of the outlet
different component lists.
stream in the Outlet Stream Name field.

Figure 3.3

3-4
 Lumper and Delumper 3-5

Parameters Page
The Parameters page allows you to specify the outlet settings
and automatic pressure assignment.

Figure 3.4

The Outlet Settings group consists of the following parameters:

Parameters Description
Fluid Pkg Name Allows you to specify the name for the fluid
package to be generated.
For more information on Property Pkg You can select the Equation of State (EOS)
the EOS property property package from the drop-down list:
packages, refer to the • Peng-Robinson
section on the Equations • PRSV
of State (EOS) in the • Sour PR
HYSYS Simulation • SRK
Basis guide. • Kabadi-Danner
• Sour SRK
A new fluid package with components will be
created during the delumping process.
Comp List Name Allows you to specify the name for the component
list to be generated.
Bulk Viscosity Fit The first temperature at which the outlet stream
Temperature 1 bulk viscosity is to match that of the combined
feed.

3-5
3-6 Lumper

Parameters Description
Bulk Viscosity Fit The second temperature at which the outlet
Temperature 2 stream bulk viscosity is to match that of the
combined feed.
Flash Type with You can select the flash type to be used for the
Respect to Feeds outlet stream with respect to the combined feed.
There are two options:
• T-P Flash
• P-H Flash
Outlet Stream This group appears when you select T-P as the
Temperature Group flash type from the Flash Type with Respect to
Feeds drop-down list. There are two radio buttons
in the Outlet Stream Temperature group:
• Auto Calculated. The outlet stream
temperature will be automatically calculated
based on the combined feed. You cannot
specify the outlet stream temperature in the
Value field.
• Specified. You have to specify the outlet
stream temperature in the Value field.

The Automatic Pressure Assignment group consists of the

following radio buttons:
• Equalize All. Click this radio button, if you want to force
all stream pressure to be the same.
• Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet. Click this radio button, if
you want the outlet pressure to be the lowest inlet
pressure.

Lumping Page
On the Lumping page, you can select the lumping method that
you want to use. The outlet component list shown on the
Lumping page can be constructed by a combination of the
following three ways:
• Keeping inlet components: You can select any
number of inlet components to keep as individual
components in the outlet component list. You can also
click the Keep All Comps button to keep all the inlet
components.
• Manually creating user hypothetical components
(User Hypos): After creating a hypothetical group, you
can create any number of user hypos and decide the
constituent inlet components for each user hypo. Any
empty user hypo will be deleted from the outlet
component list when you submit the changes or close the
Lumper property view.
Inlet group

3-6
 Lumper and Delumper 3-7

• Automatically creating hypothetical components

(Auto Hypos): When the desired total number of outlet
components is more than the sum of the kept
components and non-empty user hypos, the difference
will be the number of auto hypos to be generated
automatically by the lumping method you have selected.
You can select a lumping method by expanding the
Lumping page of the Design tab. The default method is
Montel and Gouel. Once an auto hypo is generated, you
are allowed to empty or delete it, but not to change the
contained components.

As a result, the outlet component list may contain three groups

of components: directly kept components, user created hypos,
and automatically generated hypos. The outlet components are
first ordered by groups in the aforementioned order and then,
within the first two groups, can be sorted by clicking the Sort
Comp List button. The auto hypos cannot be sorted since they
are generated on the fly.

Figure 3.5

Individual
components and Components from
lumped the inlet
hypothetical components list.
components.

You can specify the total number of outlet components in the Desired total
number of components field. The valid range for this number depends on the
current state of the outlet components list. The minimum number equals the
total number of kept components and the non-empty user hypos plus one (if
there is one or more inlet components left). The maximum number equals
the total number of kept components and the non-empty user hypos plus the
remaining number of inlet components. If you enter an invalid number in this
field, the trace window will show you the valid range.

3-7
3-8 Lumper

There are currently three lumping methods:

• Montel and Gouel1. The Montel and Gouel method is
the default lumping method. This method uses an
iterative clustering algorithm around mobile centers,
resulting in a classification into hypothetical components
optimum with respect to the considered equation of state
(EOS) and the chosen lumping properties. This method is
therefore only applicable to the EOS property package

Figure 3.6

For the Montel and Gouel method, both the lumping

properties and their weights are fixed as follows:

Lumping Property Weighting Factor

EOS sqrt (a) 1.0
EOS b 1.0
EOS m 0.1
Mw 0.5

where:

EOS means the equation of state such as PR and SRK

sqrt (a), b and m are the square root of a, b and m

respectively used in the EOS

Mw is the molecular weight of a component

3-8
 Lumper and Delumper 3-9

You must add at least one • Custom. The Custom method uses the same iterative
lumping property. clustering algorithm as the Montel and Gouel method,
although you can select lumping properties and specify
weighting factors to be used in the lumping algorithm.

Figure 3.7

The weighting factors

must be between 0 and 1.

Refer to Section 4.2 - • HYSYS Oil Characterization. The HYSYS Oil

Oil Characterization Characterization method uses the combined feed to
from the HYSYS construct the working curves similar to those used in the
Simulation Basis guide blend in the oil characterization. The working curves then
for more information.
are cut according to the selected cutting method which
are: Auto Cut, User Ranges, or User Num of Cuts (in
other words, exactly the same as in the blend).

Figure 3.8

3-9
3-10 Lumper

When the HYSYS Oil Characterization method is used in

lumping, the generated hypothetical components do not
have the knowledge on the distribution of the inlet
components. Therefore, if the inlet components are first
lumped using this method, the delumping will not be able to
recover the original inlet components, except the ones kept
in the lumper's outlet component list.

Sorting the Inlet Components

You can sort the available components in the inlet group by
clicking on the appropriate radio button.

Radio Button Description

None The components remain in the original order. This is the
order when you added the components to the fluid
package component list.
Boiling Point You can sort the components according to the boiling
point of each component.
Molecular You can sort the components according to the molecular
Weight weight of each component.
Molar Flow You can sort the components according to the molar flow
(Rev) of each component. The component with the largest
molar flow is on the top.

3-10
 Lumper and Delumper 3-11

Creating a Hypothetical Group

You can create a hypothetical group.
The Lumper Hypothetical 1. Click the Create Hypo Group button. The Hypo Group view
group name appears on appears.
the Hypothetical tab of
the Simulation Basis
Manager when you enter Figure 3.9
the Basis environment.
Refer to Section 5.2.3 -
Hypotheticals Tab in
the HYSYS User Guide
for more information.
The Component Class
field on the Hypo Group
view shows the class for
grouping the
hypotheticals.

The hypothetical group created by the lumper is also

managed by the lumper. Therefore, you have very limited
access to the functionality of the group.

2. If you want to change the Hypo group name, type the new
name in the Group Name field.

3-11
3-12 Lumper

3. In the Individual Hypo Controls group, click the appropriate

radio button to select the Basic Hypothetical component
Refer to the section on
properties to view in the table. The table view changes
the Base Properties in according to the radio button that has been selected.
the HYSYS Simulation
Basis guide for more
Figure 3.10
information.

Refer to the section on

the Vapour Pressure
Properties in the HYSYS
Simulation Basis guide
for more information.

Base Properties Table

Vapour Pressure Table

For more information on 4. Click the Estimation Methods button to setup property
the Estimation Methods, estimation methods for the contained hypothetical
refer to the section on the
Estimation Methods in components. The Property Estimation view appears.
the HYSYS Simulation
Basis guide. Figure 3.11

3-12
 Lumper and Delumper 3-13

5. On the Property Estimation view, select the property to set

the methods for from the Property to Set Methods For list.
Then, from the Estimation Method For Selected
Property drop-down list, select the estimation method. The
default estimation method is Default Method.

Figure 3.12

6. Close the Property Estimation view to return to the Hypo

Group view.
7. If you want to add notes to the hypothetical group, click the
Notes button. The Notes and Descriptions for Hypothetical
Group view appears.

Figure 3.13

The Notes and Descriptions for Hypothetical Group view

provides a text editor that allows you to record any
comments or information regarding the hypothetical group.
After you have added the notes, close the Notes and
Descriptions for Hypothetical Group view to return to the
Hypo Group view.

3-13
3-14 Lumper

8. Close the Hypo Group view to return to the Lumper property

view.
Once you have closed the Hypo Group view, you will notice
that the Create Hypo Group button is now the Edit Hypo
Group button and that the Delete Hypo Group and Create
User Hypo buttons are now enabled on the Lumper page.

You can also access the

hypothetical groups from Editing a Hypothetical Group
the Basis environment.
1. From the Simulation 1. Click the Edit Hypo Group button. The Hypo Group view
menu, select Enter
appears.
Basis Environment.
The Simulation Basis 2. From here you can change the estimation methods, add
Manager appears. notes, change the group name and the basic hypothetical
2. Click on the component properties.
Hypotheticals tab.
3. Select the hypothetical Deleting a Hypothetical Group
group you want to edit
from the Hypotheticals
1. Click the Delete Hypo Group button.
Groups list. 2. HYSYS will prompt you to confirm the deletion of the hypo
4. Click the View button. group.
The Hypo Group View
appears.
Deleting the hypothetical group will also delete all the
hypothetical components it contains, including both user
created and auto-generated hypothetical components.

3-14
 Lumper and Delumper 3-15

Creating a User Lumped Hypothetical

Component
After you have created a hypothetical group, you can create a
new lumped hypothetical component.
1. Click the Create User Hypo button.
2. The created lumped hypothetical component is displayed in
the outlet components list. The Hypo field of the Hypo
Design group allows you to change the name of the lumped
hypothetical component.

Figure 3.14

Deleting a User Lumped Hypothetical

Component
1. From the list of components in the Outlet group, select the
lumped hypothetical component you want to delete.
2. Click the Delete User Hypo button.

HYSYS does not prompt you to confirm the deletion of your

lumped hypothetical component. After the lumped
hypothetical component is deleted, the information cannot
be retrieved.

3-15
3-16 Lumper

Viewing a Lumped Hypothetical Component

You can also view the You can view both the user created and auto generated lumped
lumped hypothetical hypothetical components from the Hypo Group view.
property view from the
Basis environment.
1. From the Simulation You are not allowed to alter any data in a hypothetical
menu, select Enter component created by a lumper.
Basis Environment.
The Simulation Basis
Manager appears.
1. Click the Edit Hypo Group button. The Hypo Group view
2. Click on the appears.
Hypotheticals tab.
2. From the Individual Controls group, click the View button.
3. Select a lump
hypothetical 3. The information that appears corresponds to the
component from the hypothetical group the lumped hypothetical component is
Hypothetical Quick
associated with.
Reference table and
click the View Hypo
button. Figure 3.15

For more information on the lumped hypothetical component

property view, refer to Section 3.5 - Hypothetical
Component Property View in the HYSYS Simulation Basis
guide.

3-16
 Lumper and Delumper 3-17

Adding Components to a User Lumped

Hypothetical Component
You can add inlet components to the created lumped
hypothetical component.
1. From the list of available components in the Inlet group,
select the components you want to add.

If you want to add all the inlet components to the lumped

hypothetical component, click on the first inlet component in
the list. Then press SHIFT and click on the last inlet
component in the list. All the inlet components will be
highlighted. Alternatively, you can also press SHIFT END.
If you want to add individual inlet components to the lumped
hypothetical component, press and hold down the CTRL key
then click on the inlet components you want to add to the
lumped hypothetical component. The selected inlet
components will be highlighted.

2. Click the Add to User Hypo button.

3. The hypothetical components are displayed in the
Constituent Components list of the Hypo Design group.
Inlet group

Figure 3.16

3-17
3-18 Lumper

Ensure that you have a Removing a Component from the User Lumped Hypothetical
lumped hypothetical Component
component selected in
the outlet components list 1. From the list of constituent components in the Outlet group,
before you can remove select the components you want to remove.
the component.
2. Click the Remove from Hypo button. The components will
now be moved back to the Available Components list in the
Inlet group.

Keeping All Inlet Components

You can add all inlet components to the output component list if
you have not created a lumped hypothetical component by
clicking the Keep All Comps button.

Keeping Individual Components

You can add individual components from the inlet components
list to the output component list.
1. From the available components list of the Inlet group, select
the component you want to add to the output component
list.
2. Click the Add to Keep button. The selected inlet component
is added to the outlet component list of the Outlet group.

Ensure that you have a

component selected in Removing Components
the outlet components list
before you can remove
the component.
1. From the components list in the Outlet group, select the
individual component you want to remove.
2. Click the Remove Comp button. The component will now be
displayed in the inlet component list.

3-18
 Lumper and Delumper 3-19

Sorting the Outlet Component List

If you have one individual You can only sort the outlet component list if you have at least
component and one two individual components or two user lumped hypothetical
lumped hypothetical
component the Sort components.
Comp List button remains
disabled.
1. Click the Sort Comp List button in the Outlet group. The
Sorting Output Components view appears.
You cannot sort the
automatically lumped 2. From the Sort List group, click the appropriate radio button.
hypothetical components. You can sort the individual components or user lumped
hypothetical components in the outlet component list.

Figure 3.17

When you click the

Comps to Keep radio
button, the Sorting
Output Components
view shows the
individual components
that you can sort in the
outlet components list.

When you click the User

Hypos radio button, the
Sorting Output
Components view shows
the user lumped
hypothetical components
that you can sort in the
outlet components list.

3. From the Component(s) to Move list, select the component

you want to move. Then, from the Insert Before list, select
the component that you want the moved component to be
inserted before.
4. Click the Move button to move the component.
From example, if you have three lumped hypothetical
components as shown in Figure 3.17. When you select
Hypo20000 from the Component(s) to Move list, then you
select Hypo20002 from the Insert before list and click the

3-19
3-20 Lumper

Move button, Hypo20000 will be inserted between

Hypo20001 and Hypo20002 as shown in the figure below.

Figure 3.18

5. Close the Sorting Output Components view to return to the

Lumper property view.

Emptying and Deleting an Auto Lumped

Hypothetical Component
The desired total number If the desired total number of outlet components is more than
of output components is the sum of the individual components and the user lumped
indicated in the Desired
total number of hypothetical components, HYSYS will make up the difference by
components field. automatically generating the required number of hypos using
The Empty Auto Hypo and the chosen lumping method. You can remove all the components
Delete Auto Hypo buttons
are active only when you from an automatically lumped hypothetical component.
have selected an 1. From the outlet components list, select the automatically
automatically lumped
hypothetical component
lumped hypothetical component you want to remove all
in the outlet component components from.
list. 2. Click the Empty Auto Hypo button. The components will
now be displayed in the inlet component list.

3-20
 Lumper and Delumper 3-21

Ensure that you have an To delete the automatically lumped hypothetical component:
automatically lumped
hypothetical component 1. From the outlet components list, select the automatically
selected in the outlet lumped hypothetical component you want to delete.
components list before 2. Click the Delete Auto Hypo button.
you can delete.

HYSYS does not prompt you to confirm the deletion of your

automatically lumped hypothetical component. After the
automatically lumped hypothetical component is deleted, the
information cannot be retrieved.

Calculating the Lumper Unit Operation

If you want to test what The Submit Changes button is enabled when there is sufficient
happens with the current
information for the lumper to calculate. By clicking this button,
changes, click the Submit
Changes button. If you HYSYS will calculate the unit operation based on the current
have finished editing, information. Therefore, the Submit Changes button can be
close the view to enable
on-the-fly calculations. viewed as an ad hoc test button.

Closing the Lumper Property View and On-

the-Fly Calculations
When the Lumper property view is open, HYSYS assumes that
the lumper is still in editing mode and most of the calculations
are on hold. Therefore, you must click the Submit Changes
button to calculate the unit operation. If you have finished
editing and want to enable on-the-fly calculations, you have to
close the Lumper property view.

User Variables Page

The User Variables page allows you to create and implement
variables in the HYSYS simulation case. For more information on
implementing the User Variables, refer to Chapter 5 - User
Variables in the HYSYS Customization Guide.

3-21
3-22 Lumper

Notes Page
The Notes page provides a text editor that allows you to record
any comments or information regarding the specific unit
operation, or the simulation case in general. For more
information, refer to Section 7.20 - Notes in the HYSYS User
Guide.

3.1.3 Rating Tab

This unit operation currently does not have rating features.

3.1.4 Worksheet Tab

Refer to Section 1.3.1 - The Worksheet tab contains a summary of the information
Worksheet Tab in the
HYSYS Operations
contained in the stream property view for all the streams
Guide for more attached to the operation.
information.

3.1.5 Dynamics Tab

This unit operation is currently not available for dynamic
simulation.

3-22
 Lumper and Delumper 3-23

3.2 Delumper
For information on the The Delumper is an upstream unit operation used to delump the
Lumper unit operation,
refer to Section 3.1 -
lumped hypothetical components created by one or more
Lumper. lumpers.

Figure 3.19

You can attach one or more feed streams using one or more
different fluid packages (hence potentially different component
lists), with a total of m distinct components. In the Delumper
property view, you can specify a new equation of state (EOS)
fluid package, a new fluid package name and a new components
list name.

By using the currently available Component Recovery delumping

method, you can recover part or all of the original components
from the lumped hypothetical components, with a total of n
outlet components, where n ≥ m .

The Delumper does not have to be connected to a Lumper

directly in order to delump its lumped components.
Furthermore, the Component Recovery delumping method is
capable of recovering the very original constituent
components from a lumped hypothetical component,
regardless how many layers of lumping have been
conducted.

As a result, the outlet component list may include the individual

components from the input list, and recovered components from
the lumped components in the input components list.

3-23
3-24 Delumper

3.2.1 Delumper Property View

There are two ways that you can add a delumper to your
simulation:
You can also add the 1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Add Operation. The
delumper by clicking the UnitOps view appears.
F12 hot key.
2. Click the Upstream Ops radio button.
3. From the list of available unit operations, select Delumper.
4. Click the Add button.

OR
You can also open the 1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Palette. The Object
Object Palette by clicking Palette appears.
the F4 hot key.
2. Click on the Upstream Ops icon. The Upstream Object
Palette appears.

Figure 3.20

3. In the Upstream Object Palette, double-click the Delumper

icon.

Delumper icon

3-24
 Lumper and Delumper 3-25

The Delumper property view appears.

Figure 3.21

You can also delete a To delete the Delumper operation, click the Delete button.
Delumper by clicking on
the Delumper icon on
HYSYS will ask you to confirm the deletion.
the PFD and pressing
the DELETE key. To ignore the Delumper during calculations, activate the Ignored
checkbox. HYSYS completely disregards the operation (and
cannot calculate the outlet stream) until you restore it to an
active state by deactivating the checkbox.

3.2.2 Design Tab

The Design tab consists of the following pages:
• Connections
• Parameters
• Delumping
• User Variables
• Notes

3-25
3-26 Delumper

Connections Page
You can specify one or The Connections page is used to define all of the connections to
more inlet streams using
the Delumper. You can specify the inlet streams to attach to the
one or more different
fluid packages. The fluid operation. The name of the operation can be changed in the
packages may have Name field, and you can also change the name of the outlet
different component lists.
stream in the Outlet Stream Name field.

Figure 3.22

3-26
 Lumper and Delumper 3-27

Parameters Page
The Parameters page allows you to specify the outlet settings
and automatic pressure assignment.

Figure 3.23

The Outlet Settings group consists of the following parameters:

Parameters Description
Fluid Pkg Name Allows you to specify the name for the fluid
package to be generated.
For more information on Property Pkg You can select the Equation of State (EOS)
the EOS property property package from the drop-down list:
packages, refer to the • Peng-Robinson
section on the Equations • PRSV
of State (EOS) in the • Sour PR
HYSYS Simulation • SRK
Basis guide. • Kabadi-Danner
• Sour SRK
A new fluid package with components will be
created during the delumping process.
Comp List Name Allows you to specify the name for the component
list to be generated.
Bulk Viscosity Fit The first temperature at which the outlet stream
Temperature 1 bulk viscosity is to match that of the combined
feed.

3-27
3-28 Delumper

Parameters Description
Bulk Viscosity Fit The second temperature at which the outlet
Temperature 2 stream bulk viscosity is to match that of the
combined feed.
Flash Type with You can select the flash type to be used for the
Respect to Feeds outlet stream with respect to the combined feed.
There are two options:
• T-P Flash
• P-H Flash
Outlet Stream This group appears when you select T-P as the
Temperature Group flash type from the Flash Type with Respect to
Feeds drop-down list. There are two radio buttons
in the Outlet Stream Temperature group:
• Auto Calculated. The outlet stream
temperature will be automatically calculated
based on the combined feed. You cannot
specify the outlet stream temperature in the
Value field.
• Specified. You have to specify the outlet
stream temperature in the Value field.

The Automatic Pressure Assignment group consists of the

following radio buttons:
• Equalize All. Click this radio button, if you want to force
all stream pressure to be the same.
• Set Outlet to Lowest Inlet. Click this radio button, if
you want the outlet pressure to be the lowest inlet
pressure.

3-28
 Lumper and Delumper 3-29

Delumping Page
On the Delumping page, you can select the delumping method
that you want to use.

Figure 3.24

There is currently one delumping method:

For the Component Component Recovery: You may choose to recover none to
Recovery method only the
lumped hypothetical
all of the lumped input hypothetical components. The default
components can be is to recover all lumped hypothetical components to their
delumped. original constituent components, regardless how many times
the components have been lumped, as well as how many
intermediate unit operations exist between the lumpers and
the current delumper.

3-29
3-30 Delumper

The outlet component list may include the individual

components from the input list, and recovered components from
the lumped components in the input components list.

Figure 3.25

Components in Delumped
the outlet hypothetical
component list. components

Components
packaged in the
delumped
hypothetical
components.

HYSYS calculates the total number of the

outlet components.

Sorting the Available Lumped Hypothetical

Components
You can sort the available lumped hypothetical components in
the inlet group by clicking on the appropriate radio button.

Radio Button Description

None The components remain in the original order. This is the
order when you added the components to the fluid
package component list.
Boiling Point You can sort the components according to the boiling
point of each component.
Molecular You can sort the components according to the molecular
Weight weight of each component.
Molar Flow You can sort the components according to the molar flow
(Rev) of each component. The component with the largest
molar flow is on the top.

3-30
 Lumper and Delumper 3-31

Delumping All Available Lumped

Hypothetical Components
You can delump all the lumped hypotheticals that are shown in
the available lumped hypothetical list of the Inlet group.

Figure 3.26

To delump all the available lumped hypothetical components:

1. Click the Delump All Hypos button.
2. The delumped hypothetical components appear in the
Delumped Hypos group.

Delumping Available Lumped Hypothetical

Components
You can delump the lumped hypothetical components from the
inlet components list to the delumped hypos list.
1. From the Avail. Lumped Hypos list of the Inlet group, select
the lumped hypothetical component you want to delump.
2. Click the Delump Hypo button. The selected lumped
hypothetical component appears in the Delumped Hypos
group.

3-31
3-32 Delumper

Keeping All Available Lumped Hypothetical

Components
You can keep all the lumped hypotheticals that are shown in the
available lumped hypothetical list of the Inlet group.
1. Click the Keep All Hypos button.
2. The lumped hypothetical component appears in the outlet
components list of the Outlet group.

Figure 3.27

Keeping Available Lumped Hypothetical

Components
You can add lumped hypothetical components from the inlet
components list to the output component list.
1. From the Avail. Lumped Hypos list of the Inlet group, select
the lumped hypothetical component you want to add to the
output component list.
2. Click the Add Hypo to Keep button. The selected lumped
hypothetical component is added to the outlet component
list of the Outlet group.

3-32
 Lumper and Delumper 3-33

Removing Kept Lumped Hypothetical

Components
Ensure that you have the 1. From the components list in the Outlet group, select the
lumped hypothetical lumped hypothetical component you want to remove.
component selected in
the outlet components list 2. Click the Remove Kept Hypo button. The lumped
before you can remove hypothetical component will now be displayed in the inlet
the lumped hypothetical
component.
component list.

You cannot remove the individual components from the

outlet component list.

Restoring the Delumped Hypothetical

Components
You can restore the delumped hypothetical components.
1. From the Delumped Hypos group, select the delumped
hypothetical component you want to restore.
2. Click the Restore Hypo button. The delumped hypothetical
component appears in the Avail. Lumped Hypos list of the
Inlet group.

Figure 3.28

3-33
3-34 Delumper

Sorting the Output Components

The outlet component list You can sort the available components in the Outlet Components
may include the individual list by clicking on the Sort Comp List button. The Sorting
components from the
input list, and recovered Outputs Components for Delumper view appears.
components from the
lumped components in Figure 3.29
the input components list.

In the Sort Method group, you can select the method you want
to use to sort the output components by clicking on the Manual
or Automatic radio button.

3-34
 Lumper and Delumper 3-35

Manual Sort Method

By default the Manual radio button is selected. To sort manually:
1. From the Component(s) to Move list, select the component
you want to move. The Move button is enabled.
2. From the Insert Before list, select the component you want
the component from the Component(s) to Move list to be
inserted before.

Figure 3.30

3. Click the Move button. For example, the figure below shows
that Propane has been moved before 3-Mhexane.

Figure 3.31

4. Close the Sorting Outputs Components for Delumper view to

return to the Delumping page.

3-35
3-36 Delumper

Automatic Sort Method

When you select the Automatic radio button, the Sort By group
appears.

Figure 3.32

Radio Button Description

None The components will be put in the order before the
sorting view is launched.
Boiling Point You can sort the components according to the boiling
point of each component.
Molecular You can sort the components according to the molecular
Weight weight of each component.
Molar Flow You can sort the components according to the molar flow
(Rev) of each component. The component with the largest
molar flow is on the top.

Calculating the Delumper Unit Operation

If you want to test what The Submit Changes button is enabled when there is sufficient
happens with the current
information for the Delumper to calculate. By clicking this
changes, click the Submit
Changes button. If you button, HYSYS will calculate the unit operation based on the
have finished editing, current information. Therefore, the Submit Changes button can
close the view to enable
on-the-fly calculations. be viewed as an ad hoc test button.

Closing the Delumper Property View and On-

the-Fly Calculations
When the Delumper property view is open, HYSYS assumes that
the delumper is still in editing mode and most of the calculations
are on hold. Therefore, you must click the Submit Changes
button to calculate the unit operation. If you have finished
editing and want to enable on-the-fly calculations, you have to
close the Delumper property view.

3-36
 Lumper and Delumper 3-37

User Variables Page

The User Variables page allows you to create and implement
variables in the HYSYS simulation case. For more information on
implementing the User Variables, refer to Chapter 5 - User
Variables in the HYSYS Customization Guide.

Notes Page
The Notes page provides a text editor that allows you to record
any comments or information regarding the specific unit
operation, or the simulation case in general. For more
information, refer to Section 7.20 - Notes Manager in the
HYSYS User Guide.

3.2.3 Rating Tab

This unit operation currently does not have rating features.

3.2.4 Worksheet Tab

Refer to Section 1.3.1 - The Worksheet tab contains a summary of the information
Worksheet Tab in the
HYSYS Operations
contained in the stream property view for all the streams
Guide for more attached to the operation.
information.

3.2.5 Dynamics Tab

This unit operation is currently not available for dynamic
simulation.

3.3 References
1
Montel, F and Gouel P.L., A new Lumping Scheme of Analytical Data
for Compositional Studies. Presented at the 59th Annual Technical
Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Sept. 16-19, 1984; Paper SPE
13119.

3-37
3-38 References

3-38
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-1

4 Liquid-liquid
Hydrocyclone

4.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
4.1.1 Theory.................................................................................... 2

4.2 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View...................................... 9

4.2.1 Design Tab ............................................................................ 10
4.2.2 Performance Tab .................................................................... 16
4.2.3 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 19
4.2.4 Dynamics Tab ........................................................................ 19

4.3 Nomenclature .............................................................................. 20

4-1
4-2 Introduction

4.1 Introduction
The HYSYS Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone predicts the performance
of an oily water cleaning unit operation. The Liquid-liquid
Hydrocyclone generates results based on the Migration
Probability Theory. An oil droplet size distribution based on a
sauter mean diameter is applied and the resulting volume of oil
separated is calculated.

The Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone is designed to be easy to use

with a single input tab giving liner details and the oil droplet
distribution. Process details, Hydrocyclone liner dimensionless
parameters, and separation performance are calculated. You
have the option of modelling two different types of liner:
• Vortoil G-liners
• Serck Baker Oilspin liners

The fundamental calculation methods are similar for both liners.

The hydraulic parameters however vary considerably.

4.1.1 Theory
The Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone operation performs the following
calculations to generate the results:
• Oil Droplet Distribution
• Hydrocyclone Liner Dimensions
• Hydrocyclone Hydraulics
• Oil Droplet Migration Probability
• Hydrocyclone Separation Efficiency

4-2
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-3

Oil Droplet Distribution

The Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone uses a Rosin Rammler Oil Droplet
Distribution to describe the dispersion at the Inlet. A two
parameter Cumulative Distribution is defined.

The Cumulative Distribution is defined by the following

equation:

d n
F ( d ) = 1 – exp  –  --------  (4.1)
 d rm 

where:

F(d) = cumulative distribution

d = droplet diameter

drm = Rosin Rammler modal diameter

n = exponential power index

The Rosin Rammler modal diameter drm can be related to

another mean diameter dM by the following equation.

1⁄n (4.2)
d M = d rm × [ – ln ( 1 – f ( d ) ) ]

where:
f(d) = fraction undersize at diameter dM

4-3
4-4 Introduction

Hydrocyclone Liner Dimensions

The Hydrocyclone Dimensions are based on the following
variables:
• Dimensions Schematic

Figure 4.1

DIN
DO

L1

2D
θ1 L2
D
θ2

L3

D/2

DW L4

• Characteristic Diameter (D). The Hydrocyclone

characteristic diameter is defined by the user.
• Inlet Diameter (DIN). The Inlet diameter is set at 0.35D.
• Underflow Diameter (DW). The Underflow diameter is set
at 0.50D.
• Overflow Diameter (DO). The Overflow diameter is
defined by the user.
• Taper Angles. The Taper angles θ 1 and θ 2 define the
Separation section geometry.

4-4
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-5

• Lengths. The length of each taper section is calculated

from the Taper angles ( θ 1 and θ 2 ) and the characteristic
diameter (D). The length from the end of the taper
section to the liner tip is taken as 20D. These lengths are
then summed to give a total liner Length (L).

Hydrocyclone Hydraulics
The Hydrocyclone can be modelled Hydraulically in a dimensionless
manner assuming geometrically similar criteria. A Reynolds
number and Hydrocyclone number can be defined using
dimensions, fluid parameters, and operating conditions. Split
Ratio and Maximum flow are also determined from the operating
data.
• Reynolds Number. ReD is expressed as:

QT × ρc
Re D = -------------------------------------------- (4.3)
900 × π × D H × µ c

where:

QT = volumetric flow rate

ρ c = continuous phase density

DH = Hydrocyclone Characteristic Diameter

µ c = continuous phase viscosity

• Hydrocyclone Number. Hy75 relating to an oil droplet

diameter d'75 may be defined as:

2
Q T × ∆ρ × d′ 75
Hy 75 = ---------------------------------------- (4.4)
3
3600 × D H × µ c

where:

QT = volumetric flow rate

∆ρ = oil and water density difference

d'75 = 75% Migration Probability Droplet Diameter

DH = Hydrocyclone Characteristic Diameter

4-5
4-6 Introduction

µ c = continuous phase viscosity

The Hydrocyclone Number can also be related to the Reynolds

number for similar geometric units by means of the following
general equation:

b (4.5)
Hy 75 = a ( Re D )

Experimental or Production performance data can be used to

establish the values of a and b. These constants are Liner
specific.
• Split Ratio. Split Ratio is calculated from the user defined
Pressure Differential Ratio (PDR) by means of a quadratic
expression:

2 (4.6)
F = α ( PDR ) + β ( PDR ) + γ

where:
α ,β ,γ = parameter values established from a curve fit to
operating data

• Maximum Flowrate. Maximum flow rate for the system is

related to the pressure differential between the Inlet and
Reject streams:

n
Q MAX = n L × k ( P IN – P REJ ) (4.7)

where:

nL = number of Liners
PIN = Inlet pressure

PREJ = Overflow pressure

k, n = constant values established from hydraulic data

4-6
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-7

Oil Droplet Migration Probability

The method of Dense Dispersion Hydrocyclones is applied to predict
the volume of oil separated from the Inlet stream. A Migration
Probability for the droplet distribution is derived from statistical
theory and a Reduced Migration Probability.
• Migration Probability. For a given Inlet oil droplet
distribution the Migration Probability (MP) of a droplet of
diameter d microns is defined as the chance that it will
be separated in the oil overhead stream. The MP can be
related to the Reduced Migration Probability (RMP) and
the Split Ratio (F) by the following expression:

MP ( d ) = RMP ( d ) × ( 1 – F ) + F (4.8)

• Reduced Migration Probability. An analytical function may

be fitted to represent the centre of an envelope of
experimental curves for a particular liner. This Reduced
Migration Probability (RMP) can be represented generally
in terms of a normalised droplet diameter ∆ 75 as:

c
RMP = 1 – exp ( a [ ∆ 75 – b ] ) (4.9)

where:

a, b, c = constants determined by experiment

d-
∆ 75 = -------- dimensionless droplet diameter
d′ 75

d'75 = determined from the Hydrocyclone Number

d = droplet diameter from the Distribution

4-7
4-8 Introduction

• Graphical Representation. The Migration Probability for

an Oil Droplet Distribution is represented graphically as:

Figure 4.2

Hydrocyclone Separation Efficiency

The Separation Efficiency ( ε ) of the Hydrocyclone vessel is
calculated from Inlet and Outlet streams oil concentrations:

C
ε = 100  1 – -----o- (4.10)
C i

where:

Ci = Inlet stream oil concentrations

Co = Overflow stream oil concentrations

4-8
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-9

4.2 Liquid-liquid
Hydrocyclone Property
View
There are two methods to add a Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone to
your simulation:
You can also access the 1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Add Operation. The
UnitOps view by pressing
F12.
UnitOps view appears.
2. Click the Upstream Ops radio button.
3. From the list of available unit operations, select Liquid-
liquid Hydrocyclone.
4. Click the Add button.

OR
1. From the Flowsheet menu, select Palette (or press F4).
The Object Palette appears.
2. In the Object Palette, click the Upstream Ops icon to open
the Upstream Object Palette.

Figure 4.3

3. In the Upstream Object Palette, double-click the Liquid-

Liquid Hydrocyclone icon.

Liquid-Liquid
Hydrocyclone icon

4-9
4-10 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View

The Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone property view appears.

Figure 4.4

You can also delete a To delete the Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone operation, click the
Liquid-liquid
Hydrocyclone by clicking
Delete button. HYSYS will ask you to confirm the deletion.
on the Liquid-liquid
Hydrocyclone icon on To ignore the Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone during calculations,
the PFD and pressing
DELETE.
select the Ignored checkbox. HYSYS completely disregards the
operation (and cannot calculate the outlet stream) until you
restore it to an active state by clearing the checkbox.

4.2.1 Design Tab

The Design tab consists of the following pages:
• Connections
• Parameters
• Liner Details
• Droplet Distribution
• User Variables
• Notes

You can select a different

fluid package associated Connections Page
to the Liquid-liquid
Hydrocyclone using the The Connections page is used to define all of the connections to
Fluid Package drop-down
list. the Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone. You can specify the inlet stream,
overflow outlet stream, and underflow outlet stream attached to

4-10
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-11

the operation. The name of the operation can be changed in the

Name field.

Figure 4.5

4-11
4-12 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View

Parameters Page
The Parameters page allows you to specify the Liquid-liquid
Hydrocyclone operation parameters.

Figure 4.6

The following table lists and describes the parameters available

in the Parameters page:

Object Description
Liner Type drop- Allows you to choose between two types of Vessel
down list liner:
• Vortoil G-Liners
• Serck Baker Oil Spin
Hydraulic parameters and physical Dimensions
change between the two types of Liner.
Number of Liners cell Allows you to specify the number of active vessel
liners.
Min. Flowrate cell Displays the minimum flow rate per liner
depending on the selected Liner type.
• Vortoil recommends a minimum value of
2m3/hr for the G-Liner.
• Serck Baker recommends a minimum value
of 4m3/hr for the OilSpin Liner.
Min. Reject Pressure Allows you to specify the minimum Oil Overflow
cell (Reject) downstream pressure.
PDR cell Allows you to specify the Pressure Differential
Ratio. The PDR is the ratio of the following stream
pressure drops:
Inlet Pressure – Overflow Pressure-
PDR = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inlet Pressure – Underflow Pressure

4-12
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-13

Object Description
Split Ratio cell Allows you to specify the volume percent of the
total inlet stream that passes to the overflow
stream.
Underflow DP cell Allows you to specify the pressure difference
between the inlet stream and the underflow
stream.
Underflow Pressure Displays the pressure of the underflow stream.
cell

Liner Details Page

The Liner Details page allows you to manipulate the selected
Liner type.

Figure 4.7

The following table lists and describes the parameters available

for modification in the Liner Details page:

Object Description
Liner Type drop- Allows you to choose between two types of Vessel
down list liner:
• Vortoil G-Liners
• Serck Baker Oil Spin
Hydraulic parameters and physical Dimensions
change between the two types of Liner.
Characteristic Allows you to specify the liner characteristic
Diameter cell diameter, which is used to determine the diameter
for the Inlet and Underflow.
Inlet Diameter cell Displays the calculated inlet diameter value.

4-13
4-14 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View

Object Description
Upper Taper cell Displays the upper taper angle.
Lower Taper cell Displays the lower taper angle.
Overflow Diameter Allows you to specify the Overflow diameter.
cell
Underflow Diameter Displays the calculated Underflow diameter based
cell on the selected Liner type and the specified
characteristic diameter.
Total Length cell Displays the Liner overall length of the selected
Liner type’s hydrocyclone geometry.

Droplet Distribution Page

The Droplet Distribution page allows you to manipulate the
Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone performance, by modifying the
dispersed oil droplet distribution.

Figure 4.8

The size distribution of oil droplets at the Hydrocyclone inlet is

calculated using two parameters of the Rosin Rammler distribution.
The Rosin Rammler distribution calculation is based on a mean
droplet diameter and an exponential term power index.

4-14
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-15

The following table lists and describes the distribution

parameters:

Parameter Description
Droplet Sauter Mean This is the droplet diameter whose volume to
surface area ratio is the same as that of the
distribution as a whole and so represents the
surface area mean diameter.
Droplet d50 This is the diameter of droplet at the 50%
undersize point on a cumulative volume
distribution curve.
Droplet d95 This is the diameter of droplet at the 95%
undersize point on a cumulative volume
distribution curve.
Rosin Rammler This is the power term to which the exponential
Index part of the Rosin-Rammler Distribution is raised.
Usually the value is between 1 and 2.5.

User Variables Page

The User Variables page allows you to create and implement
variables in the HYSYS simulation case. For more information on
implementing the User Variables, refer to Chapter 5 - User
Variables in the HYSYS Customization Guide.

Notes Page
For more information, The Notes page provides a text editor that allows you to record
refer to Section 7.20 -
Notes Manager in the any comments or information regarding the specific unit
HYSYS User Guide. operation, or the simulation case in general.

4-15
4-16 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View

4.2.2 Performance Tab

The Performance tab displays the calculated performance
results of the Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone.

General Page
The General page displays the calculated general Liner
performance results.

Figure 4.9

• Inlet oil concentration in parts per million (ppm) by

volume and mg/l
• Maximum flow rate for the vessel. This value is
calculated from the Liner hydraulic characteristics.
• Droplet diameter separated with 75% efficiency at
operating conditions
• Pressure drops at Overflow and Underflow relative to the
Inlet
• System Reject Ratio
• System separation efficiency

4-16
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-17

Geometric Page
The Geometric page displays the calculated geometric Liner
performance results.

Figure 4.10

• Hydrocyclone Reynolds Number based on the

Characteristic diameter
• Hydrocyclone Number (Hy75)

Overflow Page
The Overflow page displays the calculated Overflow results.

Figure 4.11

• Overflow pressure
• Volumetric flowrate
• Oil concentration in ppm

4-17
4-18 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View

Underflow Page
The Underflow page displays the calculated Underflow results.

Figure 4.12

• Underflow pressure
• Volumetric flowrate
• Oil concentration in ppm and mg/l

Tables Page
The Tables page displays the tabulated results of the Oil Droplet
Distribution or the Migration Probability. To view either results select
the appropriate radio button.

Figure 4.13

4-18
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-19

Plots Page
The Plots page displays in graph format the results of the Oil
Droplet Distribution or the Migration Probability. To view either plot
select the appropriate radio button.

Figure 4.14

4.2.3 Worksheet Tab

Refer to Section 1.3.1 - The Worksheet tab contains a summary of the information
Worksheet Tab in the
HYSYS Operations
contained in the stream property view for all the streams
Guide for more attached to the operation.
information.

4.2.4 Dynamics Tab

This unit operation is currently not available for dynamic
simulation.

4-19
4-20 Nomenclature

4.3 Nomenclature
The following Nomenclature has been adopted for the Liquid-
liquid Hydrocyclone calculations:

Variable Symbol Units

Volumetric Flowrate QT m3/hr

Maximum Volumetric Flowrate Q MAX m3/hr

Inlet Pressure P IN Bar

Overflow Pressure P REJ Bar

Underflow Pressure P OUT Bar

Continuous Phase Density ρc kg/m3

Oil Droplet Density ρo kg/m3

Hydrocyclone Characteristic D m
Diameter
Continuous Phase Viscosity µc Pa.s

Droplet Diameter d microns

Sauter Mean Droplet Diameter d 3 ,2 microns

50% Droplet Diameter d 50 microns

75% Droplet Diameter d 75 microns

95% Droplet Diameter d 95 microns

75% Migration Probability Droplet d′ 75 microns

Diameter
Dimensionless Droplet Diameter ∆ 75
Pressure Differential ∆P Bar

Separation Efficiency ε %

Inlet Oil Concentration Ci ppm Vol.

Underflow Oil Concentration Co ppm Vol.

Split Ratio F
Hydrocyclone Reynolds Number ReD
Hydrocyclone Number Hy 75

4-20
 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-21

Variable Symbol Units

Number of Liners nL
Total Liner Length L m

Upper Taper Angle θ1 degrees

Lower Taper Angle θ2 degrees

4-21
4-22 Nomenclature

4-22
 PIPESIM Link 5-1

5 PIPESIM Link

5.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
5.1.1 How This Chapter Is Organized .................................................. 3
5.1.2 Disclaimer ............................................................................... 4

5.2 PIPESIM Link Extension ................................................................. 5

5.2.1 PIPESIM Link Features .............................................................. 6
5.2.2 Adding the PIPESIM Link ........................................................... 7
5.2.3 PIPESIM Link User Interface ...................................................... 9
5.2.4 PIPESIM Link Property View ....................................................... 9

5.3 PIPESIM Link Tutorial .................................................................. 18

5.3.1 Flowsheet SetUp .................................................................... 19
5.3.2 Adding the PIPESIM Link Extension........................................... 20
5.3.3 Importing the PIPESIM Case .................................................... 22
5.3.4 Plotting PIPESIM Data............................................................. 24

5-1
5-2 Introduction

5.1 Introduction
We are pleased to introduce the PIPESIM Single Branch
Extension to HYSYS - the first and only commercial coupling
between petroleum and process simulation. This extension is a
result of a collaborative development between Hyprotech and
Baker Jardine. Together we are working on a vision of “Total
Hydrocarbon Asset Management”. Examining the sensitivity of
production and process systems simultaneously or performing
production system optimization can yield significant production
benefits, sometimes as high as 15% increases in production. We
at Hyprotech and Baker Jardine aim to bring you the commercial
software tools to achieve these gains.

Hyprotech and Baker Jardine have announced an alliance aimed

at producing the first fully integrated, commercial Production
System Model. In this, the first product from our alliance, Baker
Jardine’s industry leading wellbore, tubing, and flowline
simulation software, PIPESIM, has been coupled into
Hyprotech’s HYSYS simulation environment, allowing for the
development of models from well description through the entire
process production facilities sharing common PVT descriptions
from the HYSYS thermodynamics.

Existing PIPESIM production models of wells, flowlines, and

risers can be imported into the HYSYS environment and used
seamlessly as a HYSYS unit operation using the power of the
PIPESIM engine in the background. This first release is limited to
a serial string of devices within the PIPESIM model where there
is no change in composition; all composition changes are
handled within the HYSYS environment. However, one can add
multiple PIPESIM extensions to any HYSYS simulation.

5-2
 PIPESIM Link 5-3

5.1.1 How This Chapter Is

Organized
This chapter is a comprehensive guide that details all the
procedures you need to work with the PIPESIM Link extension.
To help you learn how to use PIPESIM Link efficiently, this
chapter thoroughly describes the views and capabilities of the
PIPESIM Link as well as outlining the procedural steps needed
for running the extension. The basics of building a simple
PIPESIM Link model is explored in the tutorial (example)
problem. The case is presented as a logical sequence of steps
that outline the basic procedures needed to build a PIPESIM Link
case.

This chapter also outlines the relevant parameters for defining

the entire extension and its environment. Each view is defined
on a page-by-page basis to give you a complete understanding
of the data requirements for the components and the
capabilities of the extension.

The PIPESIM Link chapter does not detail HYSYS procedures and
assumes that you are familiar with the HYSYS environment and
conventions. If you require more information on working with
HYSYS, please refer to the HYSYS User Guide. In this chapter,
you will find all the information you require to set up a case and
work efficiently within the simulation environment. If you
require more information regarding PIPESIM 2000 please refer
to the PIPESIM 2000 reference manuals.

5-3
5-4 Introduction

5.1.2 Disclaimer
PIPESIM Link is the proprietary software developed jointly by
Hyprotech, a subsidiary of Aspen Technology Inc., (hereafter
known as Hyprotech) and Baker Jardine & Associates Limited
(hereafter known as Baker Jardine).

Neither Hyprotech nor Baker Jardine make any representations

or warranties of any kind whatsoever with respect to the
contents hereof and specifically disclaims without limitation any
and all implied warranties of merchantability of fitness for any
particular purpose. Neither Hyprotech nor Baker Jardine will
have any liability for any errors contained herein or for any
losses or damages, whether direct, indirect or consequential,
arising from the use of the software or resulting from the results
obtained through the use of the software or any disks,
documentation or other means of utilisation supplied by
Hyprotech or Baker Jardine.

Hyprotech and Baker Jardine reserve the right to revise this

publication at any time to make changes in the content hereof
without notification to any person of any such revision or
changes.

5-4
 PIPESIM Link 5-5

5.2 PIPESIM Link

Extension
The PIPESIM Link Extension is a unit operation for using the
PIPESIM software package used to simulate pipeline systems
within the HYSYS framework. The PIPESIM Link functions in the
same manner as any HYSYS unit operation or application in
terms of its layout and data entry methods. The view consists of
three worksheet tabs. At the bottom of each worksheet is a
status bar which guides data entry and indicates required
information, as well as indicating the status of the PIPESIM
simulation once the calculation has been initialized.

PIPESIM has a comprehensive suite of methods and correlations

for modeling single and multi-phase flow in production
equipment and is capable of accurately simulating a wide range
of conditions and situations. You have the option of using the
default correlations for the PIPESIM calculations, or specifying
your own set from the list of available methods for each
parameter. Any change to the PIPESIM models must be done
from within the PIPESIM environment.

PIPESIM is fully compatible with all of the gas, liquid, and gas/
liquid fluid packages in HYSYS. You can combine PIPESIM and
HYSYS objects in any configuration during the construction of a
HYSYS flowsheet. PIPESIM objects can be inserted at any point
in the flowsheet where single or multi-phase pipe flow effects
must be accounted for in the process simulation.

5-5
5-6 PIPESIM Link Extension

5.2.1 PIPESIM Link Features

The PIPESIM Link extension is functionally equivalent to a
HYSYS flowsheet operation. It is installed in a flowsheet and
connected to material streams. Unlike a standard pipe segment,
an energy stream is not supported. All PIPESIM Link Extension
properties are accessed and changed through a set of property
views that are simple and convenient to use. The starting point
for the definition of a PIPESIM Link Operation, is the PIPESIM
Link property view.

The PIPESIM Link property view is where the inlet and outlet
material streams are specified. The Inlet Object and Outlet
Object fields are read only. These fields are blank when the
extension is first installed. Once the PIPESIM Link model has
been selected, via the Model page, the names of the boundary
objects within the PIPESIM Link model will be displayed

Solution is possible with connection of either a single or both

ends of the unit operation. The following specifications are
supported in addition to the inlet temperature that must always
be specified if a connection.
• Inlet Connection: Inlet flow or inlet pressure
• Outlet Connection: Outlet flow or outlet pressure
(Outlet flow specification is only supported for models in
which as Adder/Multiplier operation is not used)
• Both Ends: Inlet flow and inlet pressure
• Inlet flow and outlet pressure
• Inlet pressure and outlet pressure

The HYSYS specifications will always override any specifications

made within the PIPESIM model.

The following restrictions may surprise experienced HYSYS

users:
• An outlet flow specification is not the same as an inlet
flow specification since the PIPESIM Link model may
manipulate the flow such that the inlet does not equal
the outlet flow.
• Negative flowrate cases are not supported for modeling
reverse flow.

5-6
 PIPESIM Link 5-7

5.2.2 Adding the PIPESIM Link

For further details on To add a PIPESIM Link Extension to a HYSYS case:
creating a HYSYS case,
refer to the Basis 1. Create a HYSYS case suitable for the addition of the PIPESIM
Environment chapter in Link Extension. As a minimum, you must create a case with
the HYSYS User Guide. a fluid package and two material streams.
2. From the Flowsheet menu, select Add Operation. The
UnitOps view appears.
3. From the Categories group, select the Extensions radio
button.
4. From the Available Unit Operations group, select
PIPESIM Enhanced Link.

Figure 5.1

5-7
5-8 PIPESIM Link Extension

5. Click the Add button. The PIPESIM Link property view

appears.

Figure 5.2

6. On the Connections page of the Design tab, select the

material streams from the Inlet and Outlet drop-down lists.
If you have not yet installed these streams in the case, type
the material stream names in the Inlet and Outlet fields.
7. To define the stream conditions, click on the Worksheet tab
and then the Conditions page.

Following these steps allows you to complete the installation of a

PIPESIM Link Extension. Once the calculations are complete the
Object Status bar will be green and state OK.

5-8
 PIPESIM Link 5-9

5.2.3 PIPESIM Link User

Interface
The PIPESIM Link user interface is completely integrated into
the HYSYS environment and conforms to all HYSYS usage
conventions for operations and data entry. If you are an
experienced user of HYSYS, you will already be familiar with all
of the features of the PIPESIM Link user interface. If you are a
new user, you should begin by studying the HYSYS User
Guide, since you will need to learn more about HYSYS before
you can use the PIPESIM Link Extension.

Like all HYSYS property views, the PIPESIM Link property view
allows you access to all of the information associated with a
particular item. The view has a number of tabs and on each tab
are pages of related parameters.

5.2.4 PIPESIM Link Property

View
The PIPESIM Link property view allows you to enter the data
that defines the basic characteristics of a PIPESIM Link
operation.

This setting is The the Ignore checkbox at the bottom of the property view can
recommended if you have
a slow computer and data
be checked if you want to disable the concurrent calculation of
processing is slowing intermediate results during data entry. HYSYS completely
down the entry process or disregards the operation until you restore it to an active state by
if you want to delay the
calculations until you deactivating the checkbox.
have entered all of your
data. The PIPESIM Link property view is the starting point for the
definition of any PIPESIM Link operation. The PIPESIM Link
property view consists of the following tabs:
• Design
• Performance
• Worksheet

5-9
5-10 PIPESIM Link Extension

Design Tab
The Design tab is used to define the connections between the
HYSYS simulation case and the PIPESIM Link operation, to
import and export PIPESIM cases, and to view the basis for
tabular physical properties.

Connections Page
The Connections page allows you to select the input and output
material streams using the drop-down list or by typing the new
material streams in the Inlet and Outlet fields. You can also
enter a name for the operation in the Name field.

Figure 5.3

5-10
 PIPESIM Link 5-11

Model Page
The Model page allows you to import, export, and edit a
PIPESIM model.

Figure 5.4

The text editor

allows you to
record any
comments or
information
regarding the
PIPESIM link or
your simulation
case in general.

The Original PIPESIM Model field is read only and echoes the
original path and file name of the model that is imported via the
Import button.

The Original PIPESIM Model field is for documentation

purposes only since the model is embedded within the
HYSYS model rather than referenced at the location in this
field. It may be empty if the model has been created from
within the link, rather than by importing an existing PIPESIM
model.

The Import button allows you to import an existing PIPESIM

model. Clicking the Import button opens the standard Window
file picker view that allows model selection. Only single branch
models identified by the *.bps extension can be selected.

The Edit Model button loads and runs the PIPESIM2000 GUI with
the current model. If a model has not been imported then the
PIPESIM2000 GUI contains an empty model. When the GUI is
loaded, a work file name appears in the caption bar. The model

5-11
5-12 PIPESIM Link Extension

can be freely edited, but in order for changes to be reflected in

the HYSYS flowsheet, it must be saved under the same file
name.

Figure 5.5

The PIPESIM2000 GUI appears modally, so HYSYS does not

continue its calculation until the GUI is closed. The PIPESIM
model is saved with the HYSYS case and not recorded stand
alone.

The Export button allows you to make a copy of the PIPESIM

model reflecting any changes made since importing it. Clicking
the Export button opens the standard Windows file picker view
that allows selection of the file name. Only single branch models
identified by the *.bps extension can be selected. Notice that
only the configuration of the pipes and nodes will be changed.
The source composition data is not changed to reflect the
current composition of the feed stream in the HYSYS flowsheet.

5-12
 PIPESIM Link 5-13

The PIPESIM model may not contain any unit operations that
change the compositions of the fluid because the PVT table
corresponds to a single composition. Thus the following
restrictions apply:
• Vapour/Liquid separators are not supported.
• Well completions cannot use gas lift.

If any of these constraints are violated the status bar gives an

appropriate indication and the link will not attempt to solve.

PVT Page
The PIPESIM model solves using tabular physical properties
generated by the chosen HYSYS property package. The PVT
table defines the extents and granularity of the table. The table
is regenerated using the current feed composition each time the
link resolves. A maximum of 20 pressure and 20 temperature
points can be specified.

Figure 5.6

5-13
5-14 PIPESIM Link Extension

If you want to set the values of the pressure and temperature

points to correspond to the internal PIPESIM default values, click
the Set to Default button. The pressure and temperature default
values are::

Pressure (psia)
14.50 24.95 43.51 64.98 99.93 145.0 200.0 290.1 450.1 625.7
1000 1450 2000 2901 4500 6527 10000 1450 20000 29010

Temperature (°F)
-60 -30 0 32 60 90 120 150 180 212
240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510

Calculations do not start unless the data is in ascending order. If

the data is not sorted in ascending order, you can sort the data
by clicking on the Sort button.

The Export button allows you to export the PVT table file for
standalone use with PIPESIM.

Performance Tab
The Performance tab contains two pages that allow you to view
a table of the profile data and to view the traditional PIPESIM
output.

5-14
 PIPESIM Link 5-15

Profiles Page
The Profiles page displays a tabular view of the profile data for
the following key variables vs. axial distance along the pipe:
• Mass Flow
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Holdup (actual volumetric)
• Velocity

Figure 5.7

5-15
5-16 PIPESIM Link Extension

PIPESIM Page
The PIPESIM page displays the traditional PIPESIM output. The
type of view shown depends on the radio button you have
selected in the View group:
• None. Select the None radio button, if the link is within a
recycle and/or adjust loop to minimise the overhead of
importing the results files into the display widget.
• Output File. Displays all results and an echo of the
PIPESIM model data.
• Summary File. Displays a summary of the calculated
pressure/temperature/flow profile.

Figure 5.8

Pipe profiles can also be viewed by clicking the PSPLOT button

on the PIPESIM page. The PSPLOT button loads and runs the
PIPESIM plotting utility.

5-16
 PIPESIM Link 5-17

The PIPESIM plotting utility can be used to display any of the

profile results that have been calculated by PIPESIM.

Figure 5.9

The PSPLOT appears modally, so HYSYS does not continue its

calculations until the PSPLOT is closed.

Worksheet Tab
Refer to the Section The Worksheet tab allows you to directly edit the material
1.3.1 - Worksheet Tab
in the HYSYS streams that are attached to the PIPESIM Link operation without
Operations Guide for having to open the material streams property views.
more information on the
Worksheet tab.

5-17
5-18 PIPESIM Link Tutorial

5.3 PIPESIM Link Tutorial

The purpose of the tutorial is to insert a PIPESIM pipeline into
HYSYS that has a series of connecting components. In this
example, you will go through the steps of importing a PIPESIM
model into HYSYS. All units of measurement in this example are
SI, but you can change these to whatever unit system you are
accustomed to using.

For this case, a simple PIPESIM pipeline consisting of a fluid

source, a tubing, a choke, a flowline, an operator, a second
flowline, and a riser will be imported into HYSYS. The figure
below shows the PIPESIM piping schematic of the system.

Figure 5.10

5-18
 PIPESIM Link 5-19

5.3.1 Flowsheet SetUp

Before working with the PIPESIM Link Extension, you must first
create a HYSYS case.
1. In the Simulation Basis Manager, create a fluid package
using the Peng Robinson equation of state (EOS). Add the
components methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane,
i-pentane, n-pentane, n-hexane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide,
and hydrogen sulphide.

Property Package Components

Peng Robinson C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6, Nitrogen,
CO2, H2S

2. Create a stream named Inlet in the main Simulation

Environment and define it as follows:

Name Inlet
Temperature [°C] 150
Pressure [kPa] 16000
Molar Flow [kgmole/h] 360
Comp Mole Frac [methane] 0.7540
Comp Mole Frac [ethane] 0.1696
Comp Mole Frac [propane] 0.0410
Comp Mole Frac [i-Butane] 0.0068
Comp Mole Frac [n-Butane] 0.0100
Comp Mole Frac [i-Pentane] 0.0028
Comp Mole Frac [n-Pentane] 0.0026
Comp Mole Frac [n-Hexane] 0.0060
Comp Mole Frac [Nitrogen] 0.0066
Comp Mole Frac [CO2] 0.0003
Comp Mole Frac [H2S] 0.0003

5-19
5-20 PIPESIM Link Tutorial

5.3.2 Adding the PIPESIM Link

Extension
Once the case is created, the PIPESIM Link Extension can be
added.
1. From the Flowsheet menu, select Add Operation. The
UnitOps view appears.
2. From the Categories group, select the Extensions radio
button.
3. From the Available Unit Operations group, select
PIPESIM Enhanced Link.

Figure 5.11

5-20
 PIPESIM Link 5-21

4. On the Connections page of the Design tab complete the

page as shown in the figure below.

Figure 5.12

5-21
5-22 PIPESIM Link Tutorial

5.3.3 Importing the PIPESIM

Case
1. Click on the Model page on the Design tab of the PIPESIM
Link property view.
2. Click the Import button, and select the location of the
PIPESIM model wellmodel.bps.
3. To activate and/or to make changes to the PIPESIM model,
click the Edit Model button.

Figure 5.13

For the pipe to solve the PVT physical properties must be

specified. A maximum of 20 temperature and 20 pressure
points can be specified or defaults pressure and temperature
points that correspond to the internal PIPESIM can be
selected by clicking the Set to Default button.

5-22
 PIPESIM Link 5-23

4. Click the Set To Default button on the PVT page of the

Design Tab.

Figure 5.14

5. The HYSYS case will run and the stream results will appear
as shown in the figure below.

Figure 5.15

6. Save your completed case as PIPESIM1.hsc.

5-23
5-24 PIPESIM Link Tutorial

The PFD generated for the completed case, plus a material

stream table is shown below:

Figure 5.16
To add a table to a PFD,
right-click on the PFD
and select Add
Workbook Table
command from the
Object Inspect menu.

5.3.4 Plotting PIPESIM Data

1. On the Performance tab, select the PIPESIM page.
2. Click the PSPLOT button to view a plot of your PIPESIM
data. When your plot opens you will see a plot of pressure
vs. time.
3. From the Edit menu, select Plot Setup to add temperature
to your plot.

Figure 5.17

5-24
 PIPESIM Link 5-25

4. Click the Add button to add a new series to your plot. Select
the Line plot type and click the OK button.
5. Click Close to exit the Plot Setup view.
6. Click the Series menu to assign data to your new series.

Figure 5.18

7. From the Select Right Y Axis drop-down list, select

Temperature (C) and then click the OK button.

5-25
5-26 PIPESIM Link Tutorial

When you are finished making these changes your plot will
look like the figure below.

Figure 5.19

5-26
 PIPESIM NET 6-1

6 PIPESIM NET

6.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2

6.2 PIPESIM NET.................................................................................. 2

6.2.1 PIPESIM NET Property View ....................................................... 3
6.2.2 Design Tab .............................................................................. 4
6.2.3 Property Model Tab................................................................. 13
6.2.4 Performance Tab .................................................................... 15
6.2.5 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 23

6-1
6-2 Introduction

6.1 Introduction
PIPESIM NET is a data model and solver used for the solution of
network models. HYSYS links to compositional PIPESIM NET
models.

HYSYS also links to the black oil PIPESIM NET models, which
allow modeling of Gas Lift systems and faster execution speed
for the PIPESIM NET models.

For information on the PIPESIM 2000 Open Link, refer to the

Baker Jardine PIPESIM Reference manual.

The PIPESIM 2000 GUI is used for editing and calculating

PIPESIM NET models.

Open Link is an ActiveX component that allows programmatic

access to data within and execution control of the PIPESIM NET
models.

6.2 PIPESIM NET

PIPESIM NET is a unit operation for using the PIPESIM software
package used to simulate pipeline systems within the HYSYS
framework.

HYSYS and PIPESIM 2000 must be installed prior to adding

the PIPESIM NET unit operation.

6-2
 PIPESIM NET 6-3

6.2.1 PIPESIM NET Property

View
You can also add the There are two ways that you can add a PIPESIM NET to your
PIPESIM NET by clicking simulation:
the F12 hot key.
1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Add Operation. The
UnitOps view appears.
2. Click the Upstream Ops radio button.
3. From the list of available unit operations, select PIPESIM.
4. Click the Add button.

OR
You can also open the 1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Palette. The Object
Object Palette by clicking Palette appears.
the F4 hot key.
2. Click on the Upstream Ops icon. The Upstream Palette
appears.

Figure 6.1
Upstream Ops icon

3. Double-click the PIPESIM NET icon.

PIPESIM NET icon

6-3
6-4 PIPESIM NET

The PIPESIM property view appears.

Figure 6.2

You can also delete the • To delete the PIPESIM operation, click the Delete
PIPESIM by clicking on button. HYSYS will ask you to confirm the deletion.
the PIPESIM icon on the
PFD and pressing the • To ignore the PIPESIM during calculations, activate the
DELETE key. Ignored checkbox. HYSYS completely disregards the
operation (and cannot calculate the outlet stream) until
you restore it to an active state by deactivating the
checkbox.

6.2.2 Design Tab

The Design tab consists of the following pages:
• Model
• Sources
• Sinks
• Variables
• User Variables
• Notes

6-4
 PIPESIM NET 6-5

Model Page
The Model page allows you to link to the PIPESIM NET model.
The name of the operation can be changed in the Name field.

Figure 6.3

The Model page consists of three groups:

• PIPESIM Model
• PIPESIM Engine
• Property Model

PIPESIM Model Group

The PIPESIM Model group contains options than enables you to
configure the location of files used by PIPESIM Net.
• The Original File, On Computer, and Imported On
fields are read only fields that display the imported
PIPESIM NET model information.
• The XML Location field displays the location for the
PIPESIM NET model files, if the HYSYS case is managed
as an XML file. If the field is empty then the model files
are in the same directory as the HYSYS case. The models
files are the *.bpn, *.out, *.sum, and *.pns files for the
model plus the *.plc and *.plt files for any PIPESIM NET
objects that contain profile information.

6-5
6-6 PIPESIM NET

• The Work Directory field is a read only field that is

displayed solely to assist in the diagnosis of computer
system related problems such as low free disk space.
• The Browse button allows you to select an existing
PIPESIM NET model (.bpn file).

Figure 6.4

You can select an existing PIPESIM NET model (.bpn file)

from the case studies that are available when you have
installed PIPESIM. These case studies are located on
C:\\Program Files\Schlumberger\PIPESIM\Case Studies.

The selected model is embedded within the HYSYS case,

which provides complete portability of the model within a
single HYSYS file (.hsc). During a HYSYS session,
temporary copies of the files that comprise the model are
automatically managed in the Work Directory.

6-6
 PIPESIM NET 6-7

• The Edit button allows you to edit the PIPESIM NET

model once it has been embedded within the HYSYS
case. It modally launches the PIPESIM 2000 GUI and
automatically loads the PIPESIM NET model.

Figure 6.5

Once you have finished editing the PIPESIM NET model,

you can save it from within the PIPESIM GUI then exit
the PIPESIM GUI. The PIPESIM NET model file
modification date/time is checked against the pre-edit
value to determine if any changes have been made. The
model name must not be changed by Save...As when
saving the model within PIPESIM 2000.
• The Export button allows you to export the embedded
PIPESIM NET model file.
• The Clear button clears the contents of the embedded
model. This works by embedding the empty template
model file newmodel.bpn located in the HYSYS \support
subdirectory. This is the state of the link when the
instance is first created.

6-7
6-8 PIPESIM NET

PIPESIM Engine Group

In the PIPESIM Engine group there are three checkboxes:

Checkbox Description
The PIPESIM Engine is Run Run Minimised causes the PIPESIM NET engine process to
controlled by the Run Minimised open minimised on the task bar rather than full screen.
Minimised and Restart
checkboxes. Restart Restart causes the PIPESIM NET engine to initialise the new
solution from the last solution, useful for case studies,
optimisation and recycle calculations.
Delete Deletes the compositional work files created by PIPESIM
COMPMAN NET in the Windows Temporary directory, each time the link
Files is executed.

Property Model Group

From the Property Model group, contains two radio buttons that
enables you to toggle between the following property model:
• Compositional
• Black Oil

When creating a new/empty *.bpn model, the default

property model is Compositional.

6-8
 PIPESIM NET 6-9

Sources Page
The Sources page allows you to specify the feed stream and
PIPESIM object.

Figure 6.6

When you have selected a feed stream from the Streams

column drop-down list, you can also select the PIPESIM object
from the PIPESIM Object column drop-down list. The
PIPESIM Object Type column shows the type of object based
on the PIPESIM object you selected in the PIPESIM Object
column.

If the Transfer Composition checkbox is selected as shown in

the figure above, then the composition of the feed
(compositional or black oil model) is transferred between HYSYS
and PIPESIM each time the PIPESIM engine is executed.

The transfer is forward only (HYSYS to PIPESIM), and the

transfer is in addition to any specifications on pressure,
temperature, and mass flow. Negative flow rates are not
supported.
The PIPESIM model must contain at least one sink pressure
specification made either within the PIPESIM model or from
HYSYS.

6-9
6-10 PIPESIM NET

Sinks Page
The Sinks page allows you to specify the product stream, and
PIPESIM object.

Figure 6.7

When you have selected a product stream from the Streams

column drop-down list, you can also select the PIPESIM object
from the PIPESIM Object column drop-down list. The
PIPESIM Object Type column shows the type of object based
on the PIPESIM object you selected in the PIPESIM Object
column.

If the Transfer Composition checkbox is selected, then the

composition of the product (compositional or black oil model) is
transferred between HYSYS and PIPESIM each time the PIPESIM
engine is executed.

6-10
 PIPESIM NET 6-11

Variables Page
The Variables page allows you to interact with any PIPESIM NET
data variable that is available via the Open Link. The variables
have either read or write access with the exception of the depth
of sub-equipment within the PIPESIM NET tubing model.

Figure 6.8

Open Link is an ActiveX component that allows programmatic

access to data within and execution control of the PIPESIM NET
models.

6-11
6-12 PIPESIM NET

PIPESIM Variable Navigator View

When you click the Add or Edit button in the Variables page of
the PIPESIM Net property view, the PIPESIM Variable Navigator
appears.

Figure 6.9

This view contains a list of available PIPESIM objects and the

associated variable names. The Variable Name list contains a
list of all the supported properties for the selected PIPESIM
Object.

The PIPESIM objects colon “:” indicates a new level within

the PIPESIM model. W_1: VERTICAL COMPLETION 1
indicates a single branch unit operation “VERTICAL
COMPLETION 1” in network unit operation “W_1”.
An additional level can apply for sub-equipment within a
tubing unit operation.

In the Variable Description field, you can enter the name for
each variable to be added to the list of Selected Variables on the
Variables page of the PIPESIM Net property view.

For more information on User Variables Page

implementing the User
Variables, refer to
The User Variables page allows you to create and implement
Chapter 5 - User
Variables in the HYSYS variables in the HYSYS simulation case.
Customization Guide.

6-12
 PIPESIM NET 6-13

Notes Page
For more information, The Notes page provides a text editor that allows you to record
refer to Section 7.20 - any comments or information regarding the specific unit
Notes Manager in the
HYSYS User Guide. operation, or the simulation case in general.

6.2.3 Property Model Tab

The Property Model tab consists of the following pages:
• Compositional
• Black Oil

Compositional Page
You can map boundary compositions on the Compositional page.

Figure 6.10

In the Boundary Class group, you can click on the Sources or

Sinks radio button to define the component map. Component
maps are defined for transfer of the composition between
HYSYS and PIPESIM NET which defines the Sources component
map, and between PIPESIM NET and HYSYS which defines the
Sinks component map.

6-13
6-14 PIPESIM NET

For the Sources boundary class, the first column of the

component mapping table (in the figure above) shows a list of
components in the HYSYS flowsheet that contains the PIPESIM
NET link unit operation.

For the Sinks boundary class, the first column of the component
mapping table shows the list of components in the PIPESIM NET
model.

Figure 6.11

The transfer of the composition is based on the selected basis

type in the Transfer Basis group. There are three types of basis
available: Molar, Mass, or Liq. Vol., each basis is associated to a
radio button.

The Compositional page has the following buttons:

Button Description
Clear Resets all mapping factors to zero for the selected row.
Clear All Resets all mapping factors to zero for all rows.
Normalise Normalises the mapping factors to 1 for the selected
row.
Normalise All Normalises the mapping factors to 1 for all rows.
Import Imports the definitions of any hypothetical (petroleum
Hypotheticals fraction) components into the list of HYSYS
components.

6-14
 PIPESIM NET 6-15

When a PIPESIM NET model is first imported into the link, the
component maps are automatically initialized where possible.
The file pscomps.sdb in the HYSYS\Support subdirectory
contains the mapping between HYSYS and PIPESIM 2000
component names.

Black Oil Page

The options in this page is not yet available for the current unit
operation.

6.2.4 Performance Tab

The Performance tab consists of the following pages:
• Profiles
• Text

Profiles page
You can view the PIPESIM NET results on the profiles page.

Figure 6.12

6-15
6-16 PIPESIM NET

If you want to display profile data, select the Display Profiles

checkbox. The extraction of profile data from the PIPESIM
NET output files is a slow operation. Disabling the display of
profile data during recycle, optimization or case study
calculations can significantly increase the speed of
execution. The profiles can be displayed after the
calculations are complete.

Adding and Editing Profiles

1. In the Profiles page, click the Add button to add a profile or
click the Edit button to edit a profile.
The Profile Editor appears.

Figure 6.13

The Add button adds to the Profile List after the currently
selected profile, whereas the Insert button adds to the
Profile List before the currently selected profile.
2. From the Selection group, select the PIPESIM NET unit
operation you want to add to the profile.
3. Click the Add or Insert button.
The Add button adds to the PIPESIM Object list after the
currently selected PIPESIM Object, whereas the Insert
button adds to the PIPESIM Object list before the currently
selected PIPESIM Object.

6-16
 PIPESIM NET 6-17

4. The selected PIPESIM NET unit operation appears in the

PIPESIM Object list of the Profile group.
If you want to remove the PIPESIM Object from the profile,
select the PIPESIM Object you want to remove and click the
Delete button.
You can select the Reverse checkbox if you want to reverse
the profile information for the PIPESIM Object. This is
required to correctly display the profile when you have
reverse flow through the PIPESIM Object.
5. In the Profile Name field, type the name for the profile and
press ENTER.
The profile name appears in the Profile List of the Profiles
page.
6. Click the OK button to return to the Profiles page.

Figure 6.14

If you want to remove the profile name from the Profile List,
select the profile name and click the Delete button.

6-17
6-18 PIPESIM NET

Viewing Profiles
You can define composite profiles that contain multiple network
unit operations, which allows you to view the profile between
the source and the sink.

When you click the View Table button of the Profiles page, a
tabular view of the calculated data for the selected profile
appears. The figure below shows an example of a tabular view.

Figure 6.15

When you click the View Graph button of the Profiles page, a
graphical view of the calculated data for a specific variable for
the selected profile appears. The figure below shows an example
of a graphical view.

Figure 6.16

6-18
 PIPESIM NET 6-19

Launching PSPLOT
PSPLOT allows you to view the calculated profiles for the unit
operation within the PIPESIM NET models. To launch PSPLOT,
click the PSPLOT button of the Profiles page.

You can view the profiles as a graph or table by clicking on the

Graph or Data tab of the PSPLOT program.

Figure 6.17

6-19
6-20 PIPESIM NET

Text Page
On the Text page you can view the PIPESIM NET output files
content.

Figure 6.18

In the View Output File group, the radio buttons allow you to
display the contents of the results files. The are four radio
buttons: None, Output (.out), Summary (.sum) or
Results(.pns). The figure above shows the output file contents
when the Output radio button is selected.

6-20
 PIPESIM NET 6-21

The figure below shows the Summary and Results output file
contents.

Figure 6.19

Summary Output File Contents

Results Output File Contents

If processor/calculation speed is of importance, you can select

the None radio button because the Output File contents are
updated after every calculation.

You can print the contents of the displayed output file by right-
clicking on the output file contents. The object inspect menu
appears.

Figure 6.20

6-21
6-22 PIPESIM NET

Gas Lift Page

The Gas Lift page enables you to configure the Detailed or
Simple Gas Lift model.

Figure 6.21

For more information on the variable values displayed in the Gas

Lift page, refer to the Baker Jardine PIPESIM Reference
manual.

6-22
 PIPESIM NET 6-23

Profile Ends Page

The Profile Ends page displays the profile end properties of the
PIPESIM Net operation.

Figure 6.22

6.2.5 Worksheet Tab

The Worksheet tab contains a summary of the information
contained in the stream property view for all the streams
attached to the unit operation. The Conditions and Composition
pages contain selected information from the corresponding
pages of the Worksheet tab for the stream property view.

The Properties page displays the property correlations of the

inlet and outlet streams of the unit operations. The following is a
list of the property correlations:

• Vapour / Phase Fraction • Vap. Frac. (molar basis)

• Temperature • Vap. Frac. (mass basis)
• Pressure • Vap. Frac. (volume basis)
• Actual Vol. Flow • Molar Volume
• Mass Enthalpy • Act. Gas Flow
• Mass Entropy • Act. Liq. Flow
• Molecular Weight • Std. Liq. Flow

6-23
6-24 PIPESIM NET

• Molar Density • Std. Gas Flow

• Mass Density • Watson K
• Std. Ideal Liquid Mass Density • Kinematic Viscosity
• Liquid Mass Density • Cp/Cv
• Molar Heat Capacity • Lower Heating Value
• Mass Heat Capacity • Mass Lower Heating Value
• Thermal Conductivity • Liquid Fraction
• Viscosity • Partial Pressure of CO2
• Surface Tension • Avg. Liq. Density
The Heat of Vapourisation • Specific Heat • Heat of Vap.
for a stream in HYSYS is
defined as the heat • Z Factor • Mass Heat of Vap.
required to go from
saturated liquid to
saturated vapour.

6-24
 GAP 7-1

7 GAP

7.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2

7.2 GAP Property View......................................................................... 2

7.2.1 Design Tab .............................................................................. 4
7.2.2 Performance Tab .................................................................... 10
7.2.3 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 11

7-1
7-2 Introduction

7.1 Introduction
The GAP unit operation provides a link between HYSYS and
Petroleum Experts.

With this operation, you can import a GAP simulation model,

export streams from a HYSYS simulation case into the GAP
model, perform calculations and use the capabilities of the GAP
model to generate product streams, and import the product
streams back into the HYSYS simulation case for further analysis
or processing.

In essence, the GAP unit operation acts as a black box using

streams and fluids to characterize the input and output
boundaries of the GAP model from Petroleum Experts software.

The GAP unit operation is for advance users of Petroleum

Experts software. Refer to the Reference manuals provided
by the Petroleum Experts for detailed information on using
GAP models.

7.2 GAP Property View

There are two methods to add a Petroleum Experts GAP to your
simulation:
You can also access the 1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Add Operation. The
UnitOps view by pressing
F12.
UnitOps view appears.
2. Click the Upstream Ops radio button.
3. From the list of available unit operations, select Petroleum
Experts GAP.
4. Click the Add button.

OR

7-2
 GAP 7-3

1. From the Flowsheet menu, select Palette (or press F4).

The Object Palette appears.
2. In the Object Palette, click the Upstream Ops icon to open
the Upstream Object Palette.

Figure 7.1

3. In the Upstream Object Palette, double-click the Petroleum

Experts GAP icon.

Petroleum Experts GAP The GAP property view appears.

icon

Figure 7.2

You can also delete a To delete the GAP operation, click the Delete button. HYSYS will
GAP operation by
clicking on the GAP icon ask you to confirm the deletion.
on the PFD and pressing
DELETE.

7-3
7-4 GAP Property View

To ignore the GAP during calculations, select the Ignored

checkbox. HYSYS completely disregards the operation (and
cannot calculate the outlet stream) until you restore it to an
active state by clearing the checkbox.

7.2.1 Design Tab

The Design tab consists of the following pages:
• Model
• Configurations
• Equip Specs
• User Variables
• Notes

Model Page
The Model page is used to select the GAP model and define all of
the stream connections to the objects in the selected GAP
model.

Figure 7.3

7-4
 GAP 7-5

The following table lists and describes each option in the Model
page:

Object Description
Name field Enables you to modify the name of the GAP
operation.
Original File field Displays the location and name of the original GAP
model attached to the operation.
The imported GAP file cannot be modified.
Select button Enables you to find and select the original GAP
model file.
Working File field Displays the location and name of the working
GAP model attached to the operation.
When you make modifications to the GAP model
attached to HYSYS, a working GAP model
(containing the changes) is created. The purpose
of this feature is to enable you to make
modifications to the copy of the imported GAP file.
Select button Enables you to save the working GAP model file.
Clear All button Enables you to clear all data model and stream
attachments to the GAP operation.
Calculate button Enables you to propagate the calculated results
from the GAP model back into the HYSYS
simulation case.
Source Stream Enables you to select and connect source/inlet
column streams from HYSYS simulation case to objects in
the selected GAP model.
GAP Object Name Displays the available inlet streams from the
column objects in the selected GAP model.
Sink Stream column Enables you to select and connect sink/outlet
streams from HYSYS simulation case to objects in
the selected GAP model.
GAP Object Name Displays the available outlet streams from the
column objects in the selected GAP model

7-5
7-6 GAP Property View

Configurations Page
The Configurations page allows you to configure the Petroleum
Experts GAP operation. There are two configuration options for
the GAP operation: System Settings or Property Model.

The Property Model configuration is only applicable to a GAP

model that is Compositional (in other words, not BlackOils).

Depending on which configuration option you selected, the

following variables are available for you to configure the GAP
operation:
• If you select System Settings radio button.

Figure 7.4

7-6
 GAP 7-7

The following variables are available:

Object Description
System Type drop- Enables you to select the type of system for the
down list GAP operation. You have the following selection:
• Production
• Water Injection
• Gas Injection
The selected optimization Optimization Method Enables you to select the optimization method for
method is not applicable drop-down list the GAP operation. You have the following
if the selection for the selection:
Solving Method drop- • Production
down list is No • Revenue
Optimization. • Oil Rate Only
• Gas Rate Only
• Water Rate Only
Prediction Status Enables you to toggle between activating (select
drop-down list On) or ignoring (select None) the selected
prediction method.
Prediction Method Enables you to select the prediction method for
drop-down list the GAP operation. You have the following
selection:
• Pressure Only
• Pressure And Temperature
Solving Method drop- Enables you to select the solving method for the
down list GAP operation. You have the following selection:
• No Optimization
• Optimization With Constraints
• Optimization WithOut Constraints
Oil Viscosity Enables you to select the correlation for the oil
Correlation drop- viscosity in the GAP operation. You have the
down list following selection:
• Beal et al
• Beggs et al
• Petrosky et al
Gas / Liquid pipe Enables you to specify the gas liquid ratio value of
GOR Cutoff field the pipe gas oil ratio cutoff.
Oil, Bo Correction Enables you to specify the Bo correction value for
field the oil calculation.
Gas, Bg Correction Enables you to specify the Bg correction value for
field the gas calculation.

7-7
7-8 GAP Property View

• If you select Property Model radio button.

Figure 7.5

The following variables are available:

Object Description
Property Model field Displays the property package of the selected GAP
model.
Associated Model Displays the name of any models associated to the
field selected GAP model.
Sources radio button Enables you to access the HYSYS vs. GAP
component table for source/inlet streams.
Sinks radio button Enables you to access the HYSYS vs. GAP
component table for sink/outlet streams.
HYSYS vs. GAP table Enables you to specify the ratio value of
components flowing between the HYSYS and GAP
model.

7-8
 GAP 7-9

Equip Specs Page

The Equip Specs page allows you to specify GAP object variable
values. Depending on the selected GAP model, not all GAP
objects will be available for configuration.

Figure 7.6

The radio buttons at the top of the Equip Specs page enables
you to select which possible group of GAP objects you can see
and modify.

The GAP objects are split into the following groups:

• Wells
• Separators

User Variables Page

The User Variables page allows you to create and implement
variables in the HYSYS simulation case. For more information on
implementing the User Variables, refer to Chapter 5 - User
Variables in the HYSYS Customization Guide.

7-9
7-10 GAP Property View

Notes Page
For more information, The Notes page provides a text editor that allows you to record
refer to Section 7.20 -
Notes Manager in the any comments or information regarding the specific unit
HYSYS User Guide. operation, or the simulation case in general.

7.2.2 Performance Tab

The Performance tab displays the calculated performance results
of the Petroleum Experts GAP operation.

Results Page
The Results page displays the calculated results of the objects in
the GAP model.

Figure 7.7

Use the radio buttons at the top of the Results page to access
the calculated results of the following objects:
• Wells
• Separators
• Pipes

7-10
 GAP 7-11

• Chokes
• Tanks

Report Log Page

The Report Log page displays the calculation logs.

Figure 7.8

7.2.3 Worksheet Tab

Refer to Section 1.3.1 - The Worksheet tab contains a summary of the information
Worksheet Tab in the
HYSYS Operations
contained in the stream property view for all the streams
Guide for more attached to the operation.
information.

7-11
7-12 GAP Property View

7-12
 Index
A manual sort method 3-35
Rating Tab 3-37
adding
Worksheet Tab 3-37
Black Oil Translator 1-31
Delumper Design Tab
Multiflash property package 2-3
connections page 3-26
Neotec Black Oil property package 1-11
Delumping page 3-29
PIPESIM Link 5-7
Notes page 3-37
PIPESIM NET 6-3
Parameters page 3-27
B User Variables page 3-37
Delumping page 3-29
Binary Interaction Parameters 2-11 delumping all available lumped
Black Oil 1-2 hypothetical components 3-31
installing unit operations 1-25 delumping available lumped hypothetical
Black Oil Transition methods B-1–B-6 components 3-31
Black Oil Translator 1-29 keeping all available lumped hypothetical
adding 1-31 components 3-32
defining 1-33 keeping available lumped hypothetical
installing 1-29 components 3-32
viewing results 1-35 removing kept lumped hypothetical
Black Oil Tutorial 1-1–1-36, A-1 components 3-33
C restoring the delumped hypothetical
components 3-33
Calculating the Delumper unit operation 3-36 sorting the available lumped hypothetical
Calculating the Lumper Unit Operation 3-21 components 3-30
Closing the Delumper property view and on- sorting the output components 3-34
the-fly calculations 3-36 Design Tab 5-10
Closing the Lumper Property View and On- Connections Page 5-10
the-Fly Calculations 3-21 Model Page 5-11
Component Recovery delumping method 3-29 PVT Page 5-13
Configuring a property package 2-7
BIPs 2-11 E
components 2-7 Enthalpy for Gases and Liquids A-7
models 2-10
petroleum fluid characterisation 2-8 F
Connections Page 5-10
Flash Calculations 2-13
Custom lumping method 3-9
G
D
GAP objects 7-9
Dead Oil Viscosity Equation A-23
GAP<$italic
Defining the Black Oil Translator 1-33
Gas Viscosity A-21
Delumper 3-23
adding 3-24 H
automatic sort method 3-36
HYSYS Flash 2-6
calculating the unit operation 3-36
closing the property view and on-the-fly I
calculations 3-36
Component Recovery method 3-29 Importing the PIPESIM Case 5-22
Design Tab 3-25 Installing Multiflash 2-2
Dynamics Tab 3-37 Installing the Black Oil feed streams 1-16

I-1
I-2 Index

Installing the Black Oil Translator 1-29 Rossin Rammler 4-3

separation efficiency 4-8
L
Serck Baker OilSpin 4-13
Liner parameters 4-13 split ratio 4-6
Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 4-1 Tabular page 4-18
add 4-9 Taper angles 4-4
attach streams 4-10 theory 4-2
characteristic diameter 4-4 underflow diameter 4-4
configure Liner type 4-13 Underflow page 4-18
configure parameters 4-12 underflow results 4-18
Connections page 4-10 User Variables page 4-15
create 4-9 Vortoil G-liners 4-13
cummulative distribution 4-3 Worsheet tab 4-19
delete 4-10 Live Oil Viscosity A-22
dense dispersion 4-7 Lumper 3-2, 4-2, 7-2
Design tab 4-10 adding 3-2
dimensions schematic 4-4 calculating the unit operation 3-21
Droplet Distribution page 4-14 closing the property view and on-the-fly
Dynamics tab 4-19 calculations 3-21
General page 4-16 Custom method 3-9
general results 4-16 Design Tab 3-4
Geometric page 4-17 Dynamics Tab 3-22
geometric results 4-17 Montel and Gouel method 3-8
graphical representation 4-8 Rating Tab 3-22
hydraulics 4-5 Worksheet Tab 3-22
Hydrocyclone Number 4-5 Lumper Design Tab
ignore 4-10 connections page 3-4
inlet diameter 4-4 lumping page 3-6
Liner Details page 4-13 Note Page 3-22
Liner dimensions 4-4 parameters page 3-5
Migration Probability 4-7 User Variables page 3-21
Migration Probability results 4-18–4-19 Lumping Page
MP 4-7 sorting the Inlet components 3-10
nomenclature 4-20 Lumping page 3-6
Notes page 4-15 adding components to a user lumped
oil droplet distribution 4-3 hypothetical component 3-17
Oil Droplet Distribution results 4-18–4-19 creating a hypothetical group 3-11
overflow diameter 4-4 creating a user lumped hypothetical
Overflow page 4-17 component 3-15
overflow results 4-17 deleting a hypothetical group 3-14
Parameters page 4-12 deleting a user lumped hypothetical
Performance tab 4-16 component 3-15
Plots page 4-19 editing a hypothetical group 3-14
property view 4-9 emptying and deleting an auto lumped
Reduced Migration Probability 4-7 hypothetical component 3-20
Reynolds Number 4-5 keeping all Inlet components 3-18
RMP 4-7 keeping individual components 3-18
Rosin Rammler distribution 4-14 removing a component from the user
Rosin Rammler modal diameter 4-3 lumped hypothetical component

I-2
 Index I-3

3-18 Model page 7-4

removing components 3-18 Notes page 7-10
sorting the outlet component list 3-19 Performance tab 7-10
viewing a lumped hypothetical component property view 7-2
3-16 Report Log page 7-11
reports 7-11
M
Results page 7-10
Matching Experimental Data 2-14 User Variables page 7-9
Model Page 5-11 Worsheet tab 7-11
Importing 5-22 Petroleum Fluid Characterisation 2-8
Montel and Gouel lumping method 3-8 Phase Envelope 2-14
Multiflash 2-2 Physical Property Models and Phases 2-10
adding 2-3 PIPESIM Engine 6-8
installing 2-2 PIPESIM GUI 6-7
property package 2-3 PIPESIM Link
Multiflash Flash 2-5 Adding 5-20
Multiflash property package 2-3 adding 5-7
adding 2-3 Features 5-6
calculations 2-11 Flowsheet Setup 5-19
configuring 2-7 Property View 5-9
HYSYS Flash 2-6 User Interface 5-9
Multiflash Flash 2-5 PIPESIM LINK Features 5-6
PIPESIM Link Property View 5-9
N Design Tab 5-10
Neotec Black Oil methods ??–A-30 Performance Tab 5-14
Thermodynamics A-2 Worksheet Tab 5-17
PIPESIM Link User Interface 5-9
O PIPESIM Model 6-5
Oil FVF A-19 PIPESIM NET 6-2
Oil-Water Emulsions A-12 adding and editing profiles 6-16
Design tab 6-4
P launching PSPLOT 6-19
Performance Tab 5-14 Performance tab 6-15
PIPESIM Page 5-16 Property Model tab 6-13
Profiles Page 5-15 property view 6-3
Petroleum Experts GAP 7-2 viewing profiles 6-18
add 7-2 Worksheet tab 6-23
attach streams 7-4 PIPESIM NET Design Tab
Configurations page 7-6 Model page 6-5
configure operation 7-6 Notes page 6-13
configuring objects 7-9 Sinks page 6-10
create 7-2 Sources page 6-9
delete 7-3 User Variables page 6-12
Design tab 7-4 Variables page 6-11
Equip Specs page 7-9 PIPESIM NET Performance Tab 6-15
GAP object results 7-10 Profiles page 6-15
ignore 7-4 Text page 6-20
logs 7-11 PIPESIM NET Property Model Tab 6-13
Black Oil page 6-15

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I-4 Index

Compositional page 6-13 V

PIPESIM NET property view 6-3
Viscosity of Heavy Oil/Condensate Blends A-4
PIPESIM NET Worksheet Tab 6-23
Vortoil G-liners 4-2
PIPESIM Page 5-16
PSPLOT 5-24 W
PIPESIM Variable Navigator 6-12
Plotting PIPESIM Data 5-24 Watson K Factor A-24
Produced Gas Oil Ratio A-3 Worksheet Tab 5-17
Profiles Page 5-15
Property calculations 2-11
composition 2-11
flash calculations 2-13
matching experimental dat 2-14
phase envelope 2-14
units 2-12
PSPLOT 5-17
PVT Page 5-13
R
Rosin Rammler distribution 4-14
S
Serck Baker Oilspin liners 4-2
Setting Black Oil stream default options 1-8
Simple Method B-2
Black Oil to Black Oil B-2
Black Oil to Compositional B-3
Compositional to Black Oil B-3
Solution Gas Oil Ratio A-3
Solution GOR A-18
Specific Enthalpies for Gases and Liquids
Undefined Gases A-8
Undefined Liquids A-9
Stock Tank Conditions A-3
Surface Tension A-25
T
Three Phase Method B-4
Gas Phase B-4
Oil Phase B-5
Water Phase B-5
U
Undersaturated Oil FVF A-20
Undersaturated Oil Viscosity A-22
Upstream Operations 3-1–3-37

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