Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement

Priebe's method
Infinite loaded area; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)

Load Column grid geometry - legend

pload 130 kPa

Column grid geometry

Grid Triangular
s 1.520 m
Ainf 2.001 m2

Column material
gc 20 kN/m3
Eoed,c 100 MPa
fc 40 º
kac 0.217
k0c 0.357

Soil improvement parameters (1/2)

Soil layer Thickness gs' ns f's c's Eoed,s
[-] [m] kN/m3 [-] [-] [kPa] [MPa]
1 1 19 0.33 35 0 50
2 0.4 18 0.33 25 5 20
3 0.6 16 0.33 0 25 2
4 0.6 15 0.33 0 20 1
5 6.6 5 0.33 0 20 1
6 0.8 7 0.33 0 30 10
7 1 9 0.33 30 0 20
8 10 9 0.33 30 0 20

Soil improvement parameters (2/2)

Soil layer (Ac/Ainf)1 D(Ainf/Ac) (Ac/Ainf)' f1 n1 pc/ps
[-] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]
1 - - - - - -
2 0.46 1.17 0.18 1.07 2.01 6.74
3 0.91 0.09 0.22 0.94 2.31 7.04
4 0.96 0.05 0.22 0.94 2.32 7.05
5 0.96 0.05 0.22 0.94 2.32 7.05
6 0.66 0.52 0.13 1.23 1.72 6.46
7 0.46 1.17 0.12 1.28 1.65 6.40
8 - - - - - -
Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement
Priebe's method
Infinite loaded area; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)

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Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement
Priebe's method
Infinite loaded area; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)

Shear values of improved ground

Soil layer m1' f1 ' c1' Soil layer m2'
[-] [-] [º] [kPa] [-] [-]
1 - - - 1 -
2 0.50 33.2 2.5 2 0.47
3 0.57 25.4 10.8 3 0.62
4 0.57 25.5 8.6 4 0.64
5 0.57 25.5 8.6 5 0.66
6 0.42 19.3 17.4 6 0.56
7 0.40 34.3 0.0 7 0.36
8 - - - 8 -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -

0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.0 1200.0 0.0

0 Cumulative settlement [mm] 0

5 5

10 10

15 15

20 20
Depth [m]

Depth [m]

25 25
 15 15

Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement

Priebe's method
Infinite loaded area; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular,
20 square or hexagonal grids 20
Depth [m]

Depth [m]
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)

25 25

With improvement Without improvement

 v1.2 - 2016/07/26

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Element:
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Dc Ac Ainf/Ac Eoed,c/Eoed,s f0 n0
[m] [m2] [-] [-] [-] [-]
0 - - - - -
0.75 0.442 4.53 5.0 0.93 2.34
0.75 0.442 4.53 50.0 0.93 2.34
0.75 0.442 4.53 100.0 0.93 2.34
0.75 0.442 4.53 100.0 0.93 2.34
0.6 0.283 7.08 10.0 1.20 1.78
0.6 0.283 7.08 5.0 1.20 1.78
0 - - - - -
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pc S(gs.Dd)top fd,max nmax fd n2

[kPa] [kPa] [-] [-] [-] [-]
- 0.0 - - - -
436.6 19.0 1.00 1.88 1.00 1.88
396.7 26.2 7.11 11.82 1.13 2.62
394.7 35.8 14.18 22.86 1.20 2.78
394.7 44.8 14.18 22.86 1.26 2.92
488.6 77.8 1.55 2.27 1.40 2.27
502.8 83.4 1.00 1.57 1.00 1.57
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Settlement - infinite load area

f2' c2' Soil layer Dsno improv. Dsimprov.
[º] [kPa] [-] [mm] [mm]
- - 1 2.6 2.6
32.7 2.7 2 2.6 1.4
27.4 9.6 3 39.0 14.9
28.2 7.2 4 78.0 28.1
28.9 6.9 5 858.0 294.0
25.2 13.2 6 10.4 4.6
33.9 0.0 7 6.5 4.2
- - 8 65.0 65.0
- - - -
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- - - -
S= 1062.1 414.7

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

0 Oedometric modulus [MPa]

10

15

20

25
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With improvement Without improvement

Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement
Priebe's method
Square footings; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids; Maximum of 1600 columns; Columns on all soil layers
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)
Width of plastic zone according to Meyerhoff (1948)

Foundation data Column grid geometry - legend

pload 200 kPa
D 3m
Safety factor 3 (Vesic')

Column grid geometry

Grid Square
s 1.500 m
Ainf 2.250 m2
No. of columns 4

Column material
gc 20 kN/m3
Eoed,c 100 MPa
fc 40 º
kac 0.217
k0c 0.357

Soil improvement parameters (1/2)

Soil layer Thickness gs' ns f's c's
[-] [m] kN/m 3
[-] [-] [kPa]
1 1 18 0.33 30 40
2 1 18 0.33 30 40
3 1 18 0.33 30 40
4 1 16 0.33 16 25
5 1 16 0.33 16 25
6 1 16 0.33 16 25
7 1 16 0.33 16 25
8 1 16 0.33 16 25
9 1 16 0.33 16 25
10 1 16 0.33 16 25
11 1 18 0.33 30 0
12 1 18 0.33 30 0
13 1 18 0.33 30 0
14 1 18 0.33 30 0
15 1 18 0.33 30 0
16 1 18 0.33 30 0

Soil improvement parameters (2/2)

Soil layer (Ac/Ainf)1 D(Ainf/Ac) (Ac/Ainf)' f1 n1
[-] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]
1 0.69 0.46 0.30 0.73 3.03
Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement
Priebe's method
Square footings; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids; Maximum of 1600 columns; Columns on all soil layers
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)
Width of plastic zone according to Meyerhoff (1948)

2 0.69 0.46 0.30 0.73 3.03

3 0.69 0.46 0.30 0.73 3.03
4 0.84 0.19 0.33 0.68 3.29
5 0.84 0.19 0.33 0.68 3.29
6 0.84 0.19 0.33 0.68 3.29
7 0.84 0.19 0.33 0.68 3.29
8 0.84 0.19 0.33 0.68 3.29
9 0.84 0.19 0.33 0.68 3.29
10 0.84 0.19 0.33 0.68 3.29
11 0.49 1.03 0.26 0.83 2.63
12 0.49 1.03 0.26 0.83 2.63
13 0.49 1.03 0.26 0.83 2.63
14 0.46 1.17 0.25 0.86 2.56
15 0.46 1.17 0.25 0.86 2.56
16 0.46 1.17 0.25 0.86 2.56
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Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement
Priebe's method
Square footings; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids; Maximum of 1600 columns; Columns on all soil layers
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)
Width of plastic zone according to Meyerhoff (1948)

Shear values of improved ground

Soil layer m1' f1' c1 ' Soil layer
[-] [-] [º] [kPa] [-]
1 0.67 37.0 13.2 1
2 0.67 37.0 13.2 2
3 0.67 37.0 13.2 3
4 0.70 33.9 7.6 4
5 0.70 33.9 7.6 5
6 0.70 33.9 7.6 6
7 0.70 33.9 7.6 7
8 0.70 33.9 7.6 8
9 0.70 33.9 7.6 9
10 0.70 33.9 7.6 10
11 0.62 36.5 0.0 11
12 0.62 36.5 0.0 12
13 0.62 36.5 0.0 13
14 0.61 36.4 0.0 14
15 0.61 36.4 0.0 15
16 0.61 36.4 0.0 16
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -

Settlement - single footing

Soil layer Depthtop Depthbot dtop/D dbot/D s/s∞,top,inf
[-] [m] [m] [-] [-] [-]
1 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
2 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 0.88
3 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 0.76
4 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 0.67
5 4.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 0.59
6 5.00 6.00 5.00 6.00 0.52
7 6.00 7.00 6.00 7.00 0.46
8 7.00 8.00 7.00 8.00 0.42
9 8.00 9.00 8.00 9.00 0.38
10 9.00 10.00 9.00 10.00 0.34
11 10.00 11.00 10.00 11.00 0.31
12 11.00 12.00 11.00 12.00 0.29
13 12.00 13.00 12.00 13.00 0.27
14 13.00 14.00 13.00 14.00 0.25
15 14.00 15.00 14.00 15.00 0.24
16 15.00 16.00 15.00 16.00 0.23
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Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement
Priebe's method
Square footings; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids; Maximum of 1600 columns; Columns on all soil layers
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)
Width of plastic zone according to Meyerhoff (1948)

- - - - -

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0

0.00 Cumulative settlement [mm]

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00
Depth [m]

14.00

16.00

With improvement Without improvement

Estimation of soil improvement by vibro replacement
Priebe's method
Square footings; Loads applied at surface level
Triangular, square or hexagonal grids; Maximum of 1600 columns; Columns on all soil layers
Maximum of 20 soil layers
ns = 1/3 for the calculation of D(Ainf/Ac)
Width of plastic zone according to Meyerhoff (1948)

Bearing capacity of single footing (1/2)

Soil layer Depthbot fs' f'improv b' Failure width
[-] [m] [º] [º] [m] [m]
1 1.00 30 37.0 3.52 10.45
2 2.00 30 37.0 3.52 10.45
3 3.00 30 37.0 3.52 10.45
4 4.00 16 33.9 4.43 6.47
5 5.00 16 33.9 4.43 6.47
6 6.00 16 33.9 4.43 6.47
7 7.00 16 33.9 4.43 6.47
8 8.00 16 33.9 4.43 6.47
9 9.00 16 33.9 4.43 6.47
10 10.00 16 33.9 4.43 6.47
11 11.00 30 36.4 3.47 10.32
12 12.00 30 36.4 3.47 10.32
13 13.00 30 36.4 3.47 10.32
14 14.00 30 36.1 3.45 10.25
15 15.00 30 36.1 3.45 10.25
16 16.00 30 36.1 3.45 10.25
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Bearing capacity of single footing (2/2)

Soil layer sc sq sg qult,0 h0
[-] [-] [-] [-] [kPa] [-]
1 1.53 1.50 0.70 2176.7 10.9
2 1.53 1.50 0.70 2165.4 10.8
3 1.53 1.50 0.70 2154.0 10.8
4 1.36 1.28 0.70 456.8 2.3
5 1.36 1.28 0.70 452.5 2.3
6 1.36 1.28 0.70 448.2 2.2
7 1.36 1.28 0.70 444.0 2.2
8 1.36 1.28 0.70 439.7 2.2
9 1.36 1.28 0.70 435.4 2.2
10 1.36 1.28 0.70 431.2 2.2
11 1.53 1.50 0.70 370.5 1.9
12 1.53 1.50 0.70 370.5 1.9
13 1.53 1.50 0.70 370.5 1.9
14 1.53 1.50 0.70 365.3 1.8
15 1.53 1.50 0.70 365.3 1.8
16 1.53 1.50 0.70 365.3 1.8
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metry - legend

Eoed,s Dc Ac Ainf/Ac Eoed,c/Eoed,s f0 n0

[MPa] [m] [m ]
2
[-] [-] [-] [-]
9 1 0.785 2.86 11.1 0.63 3.52
9 1 0.785 2.86 11.1 0.63 3.52
9 1 0.785 2.86 11.1 0.63 3.52
4 1 0.785 2.86 25.0 0.63 3.52
4 1 0.785 2.86 25.0 0.63 3.52
4 1 0.785 2.86 25.0 0.63 3.52
4 1 0.785 2.86 25.0 0.63 3.52
4 1 0.785 2.86 25.0 0.63 3.52
4 1 0.785 2.86 25.0 0.63 3.52
4 1 0.785 2.86 25.0 0.63 3.52
18 1 0.785 2.86 5.6 0.63 3.52
18 1 0.785 2.86 5.6 0.63 3.52
18 1 0.785 2.86 5.6 0.63 3.52
20 1 0.785 2.86 5.0 0.63 3.52
20 1 0.785 2.86 5.0 0.63 3.52
20 1 0.785 2.86 5.0 0.63 3.52
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pc/ps pc S(gs.Dd)top fd,max nmax fd n2

[-] [kPa] [kPa] [-] [-] [-] [-]
7.74 511.4 0.0 1.43 4.53 1.00 3.03
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7.74 511.4 18.0 1.43 4.53 1.07 3.23

7.74 511.4 36.0 1.43 4.53 1.15 3.47
8.00 486.4 54.0 3.12 9.38 1.25 4.11
8.00 486.4 70.0 3.12 9.38 1.35 4.44
8.00 486.4 86.0 3.12 9.38 1.47 4.82
8.00 486.4 102.0 3.12 9.38 1.61 5.28
8.00 486.4 118.0 3.12 9.38 1.77 5.84
8.00 486.4 134.0 3.12 9.38 1.98 6.52
8.00 486.4 150.0 3.12 9.38 2.25 7.39
7.36 558.7 166.0 1.00 2.59 1.00 2.59
7.36 558.7 184.0 1.00 2.59 1.00 2.59
7.36 558.7 202.0 1.00 2.59 1.00 2.59
7.28 569.6 220.0 1.00 2.40 1.00 2.40
7.28 569.6 238.0 1.00 2.40 1.00 2.40
7.28 569.6 256.0 1.00 2.40 1.00 2.40
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Settlement - infinite load area

m2' f2 ' c2' Soil layer Dsno improv. Dsimprov.
[-] [º] [kPa] [-] [mm] [mm]
0.67 37.0 13.2 1 22.2 7.3
0.69 37.2 12.4 2 22.2 6.9
0.71 37.4 11.5 3 22.2 6.4
0.76 35.2 6.1 4 50.0 12.2
0.77 35.6 5.6 5 50.0 11.3
0.79 35.9 5.2 6 50.0 10.4
0.81 36.3 4.7 7 50.0 9.5
0.83 36.7 4.3 8 50.0 8.6
0.85 37.0 3.8 9 50.0 7.7
0.86 37.4 3.4 10 50.0 6.8
0.61 36.4 0.0 11 11.1 4.3
0.61 36.4 0.0 12 11.1 4.3
0.61 36.4 0.0 13 11.1 4.3
0.58 36.1 0.0 14 10.0 4.2
0.58 36.1 0.0 15 10.0 4.2
0.58 36.1 0.0 16 10.0 4.2
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S= 480.0 112.2

s/s∞,top,sup s/s∞,bot,inf s/s∞,bot,sup s/s∞,top s/s∞,bot Dsfoot,no improv. Dsfoot,improv.

[-] [-] [-] [-] [-] [mm] [mm]
1.00 0.88 0.90 1.00 0.88 19.5 6.4
0.90 0.76 0.81 0.88 0.76 14.5 4.5
0.81 0.67 0.73 0.76 0.67 10.6 3.1
0.73 0.59 0.66 0.67 0.59 17.3 4.2
0.66 0.52 0.60 0.59 0.52 12.4 2.8
0.60 0.46 0.54 0.52 0.46 8.8 1.8
0.54 0.42 0.50 0.46 0.42 6.4 1.2
0.50 0.38 0.46 0.42 0.38 4.8 0.8
0.46 0.34 0.43 0.38 0.34 3.8 0.6
0.43 0.31 0.40 0.34 0.31 3.2 0.4
0.40 0.29 0.37 0.31 0.29 0.7 0.3
0.37 0.27 0.35 0.29 0.27 0.6 0.2
0.35 0.25 0.33 0.27 0.25 0.6 0.2
0.33 0.24 0.32 0.25 0.24 0.6 0.2
0.32 0.23 0.30 0.24 0.23 0.6 0.2
0.30 0.22 0.29 0.23 0.22 0.5 0.2
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S= 104.9 27.3

120.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

t [mm] 0.00 Oedometric modulus [MPa]

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00
Depth [m]

14.00

16.00

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c's c'improv c'avg q Nc Nq Ng

[kPa] [kPa] [kPa] [kPa] [-] [-] [-]
40 13.2 33.3 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
40 12.4 33.0 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
40 11.5 32.8 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
25 6.1 17.3 0.0 11.63 4.34 1.45
25 5.6 17.1 0.0 11.63 4.34 1.45
25 5.2 16.9 0.0 11.63 4.34 1.45
25 4.7 16.8 0.0 11.63 4.34 1.45
25 4.3 16.6 0.0 11.63 4.34 1.45
25 3.8 16.4 0.0 11.63 4.34 1.45
25 3.4 16.2 0.0 11.63 4.34 1.45
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.14 18.40 14.62
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dGr,0 Depthtop Depthbot dGr h qult qa

[m] [m] [m] [m] [-] [kPa] [kPa]
5.58 0.00 1.00 5.58 10.9 - -
5.58 1.00 2.00 5.58 10.9 - -
5.58 2.00 3.00 5.58 10.8 - -
4.61 3.00 4.00 5.34 8.7 - -
4.61 4.00 5.00 5.19 7.4 - -
4.61 5.00 6.00 5.17 7.2 1443.0 481.0
4.61 6.00 7.00 5.26 - - -
4.61 7.00 8.00 5.47 - - -
4.61 8.00 9.00 5.87 - - -
4.61 9.00 10.00 6.54 - - -
5.51 10.00 11.00 7.09 - - -
5.51 11.00 12.00 7.96 - - -
5.51 12.00 13.00 9.21 - - -
5.47 13.00 14.00 10.75 - - -
5.47 14.00 15.00 12.34 - - -
5.47 15.00 16.00 13.82 - - -
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Safety factor for bearing capacity 7.2

Ultimate bearing capacity of footings - dimensions of plastic zone
Meyerhof, 1948

f' f/B d/B

0.00 1.06 0.77 f' 30 º
1.25 1.06 0.77 f/B 2.97
2.50 1.06 0.77 d/B 1.18
3.75 1.08 0.77
5.00 1.10 0.77
6.25 1.13 0.77
7.50 1.15 0.78 Graph
8.75 1.19 0.78 0.00 2.97
10.00 1.22 0.79 30.00 2.97
11.25 1.26 0.79
12.50 1.30 0.80 30.00 0.00
13.75 1.35 0.82 30.00 2.97
15.00 1.41 0.83
16.25 1.47 0.85
17.50 1.55 0.87
18.75 1.63 0.89
20.00 1.73 0.91
21.25 1.83 0.94
22.50 1.95 0.96
23.75 2.09 0.99
25.00 2.23 1.02
26.25 2.39 1.06
27.50 2.57 1.10
28.75 2.76 1.13
30.00 2.97 1.18
31.25 3.20 1.22
32.50 3.45 1.27
33.75 3.71 1.33
35.00 4.01 1.39
36.25 4.33 1.46
37.50 4.69 1.54
38.75 5.08 1.62
40.00 5.52 1.72
41.25 6.01 1.83
42.50 6.56 1.95
43.75 7.19 2.09
45.00 7.90 2.24
46.25 8.72 2.42
47.50 9.65 2.62
48.75 10.73 2.85
50.00 11.97 3.11
 Ultimate bearing capacity of footings - dimensions of plastic zone
12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0
2.97

2.0

1.18

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

f/B d/B f/B Column G 1.18

 f/B
zone f' Graph Approx
Ultimate bearin
0.00 1.05 1.06
2.49 1.08 1.06 12.0
5.01 1.11 1.10 f(x) = 4.26511698353227E-09x^6 -
R² = 0.9999516397
7.50 1.15 1.15
10.01 1.22 1.22
10.0
12.53 1.29 1.30
15.00 1.40 1.41
17.52 1.55 1.55
19.99 1.73 1.73 8.0
22.49 1.96 1.95
25.01 2.26 2.23
27.50 2.56 2.57 6.0
30.00 2.95 2.97
32.50 3.43 3.45
35.01 4.00 4.01
37.51 4.70 4.69 4.0
40.00 5.52 5.52
42.50 6.60 6.56 f(x) = 2.98332633398515E-08x^5 -
R² = 0.9999569272
44.99 7.91 7.90 2.0
47.50 9.59 9.65
50.00 12.00 11.97
0.0
d/B 0.0 5.0 10.0 15
0 45.0 50.0 f' Graph Approx
1.18
0.00 0.77 0.77
2.51 0.77 0.77
5.00 0.77 0.77
7.49 0.78 0.78
10.00 0.79 0.79
12.50 0.80 0.80
15.01 0.82 0.83
17.50 0.87 0.87
20.01 0.92 0.91
22.51 0.96 0.96
25.00 1.03 1.02
27.51 1.09 1.10
30.01 1.18 1.18
32.50 1.27 1.28
35.02 1.40 1.39
37.49 1.54 1.54
39.99 1.72 1.72
42.48 1.94 1.95
45.00 2.24 2.24
47.50 2.63 2.62
50.00 3.11 3.11
 Ultimate bearing capacity of footings - dimensions of plastic zone
12.0
f(x) = 4.26511698353227E-09x^6 - 4.83832825817519E-07x^5 + 2.1365808273834E-05x^4 - 0.0003903082x^3 + 0.0044004105x^2 - 0.0055238964x + 1.0557923546
R² = 0.9999516397

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

f(x) = 2.98332633398515E-08x^5 - 2.60560899626851E-06x^4 + 8.81696338113318E-05x^3 - 0.0007415955x^2 + 0.0026986199x + 0.7691164802

R² = 0.9999569272
2.0

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

Column U Polynomial (Column U)

Column U Polynomial (Column U)
055238964x + 1.0557923546

91164802