CLASS X SST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

CIVICS/POLITICAL SCIENCE
CH-1 POWER SHARING
1. What is a system of checks and balances?
2. What is horizontal distribution of power?
3. Which two languages are generally spoken in Belgium?
4. Which major social group constituted the largest share in population of Sri Lanka?
5. What is majoritarianism?
6. In which year,did Sri Lanka achieve its independence?
7. Which religion has adopted in Sri Lanka?
8. Define ‘ethnic’.
9. What is concept of ‘Community government’ of Belgium?
10. With which countries does Belgium share border?
11. Describe the way in which power can be shared among governments at different levels.
12. What were the measures taken in Sri Lanka to establish Sinhala Supremacy?
13. “Existence of Dutch and the French speaking people in Belgium created an ethnic tension”.Elaborate.
14. “Power Sharing is the very spirit of democracy”. Justify the statement with four suitable points.
15. Why has the idea of power sharing emerged?
16. What are the main principles of democracy?
17. “Power is shared between different social groups.”Comment on this statement with the help of an example.
18. How did the Belgium government solve its ethnic problem?
19. What factors led to a civil war in Sri Lanka?
20. What were the two main causes of resentment in Belgium in 1960?How was the conflict solved?
21. State any two achievements and any two problems of the Panchayati Raj System.
22. How challenge of language policy was adopted by the Indian federalism?
23. What are the power sharing arrangements in our country? Explain with examples.
24. What is the rational decentralisation of power? Describe the functions of rural local government?
25. How can a government attain financial autonomy?

CH-2 FEDERALISM
1. Give one example of a country which is an example of coming together federation.
2. What is Panchayati Raj?
3. Which state in India has a special status?
4. What is a Panchayati Samiti?
5. What is Residuary list?
6. What is Coalition Government?
7. What does ‘Jurisdiction’ mean?
8. What is unitary system?
9. How is financial autonomy of each tier of government ensured?
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10. What is Zila Parishad?
11. Distinguish between ‘Coming together federation’ and ‘holding together federations’ with examples.India comes under
which type of federations?
12. Critically analyse the centre-state relations prior to 1990 and after.
13. “The Constitution did not use the word ‘Federation’ but the Indian Union is based on the principles of federations.”Explain
this statement.
14. How is a Zila Parishad formed?
15. How are Constitutional change made in a federal system.Explain Four points.
16. What is the role of the judiciary in a federal system?
17. What is the main difference between a federal form of a government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
18. State any two differences between the local government before and after the constitutional amendment in 1992.

CH-3 DEMOCRACY AND DIVERSITY

1. What is the origin of social difference?
2. Define ‘Homogenous’ society.
3. Which division caste or economic is unique to India?
4. What is the ethnic composition of the Northern Ireland?
5. Name the two athletes who raised the issue of Civil Rights in the Mexico Olympics(1968).
6. Who are African-American?
7. What are Civil Rights?
8. What does Black Power mean?
9. Define Overlapping?
10. On what basis are social differences created?
11. What do you know about ‘Civil Rights Movement’ in the USA?
12. ‘Social diversity can take different forms in different societies.’Explain.
13. How do overlapping and Cross cutting of differences create social division? Explain.
14. “Every social difference does not lead to social division”. Explain the statement.
15. “Reaction of the government to the demands of different groups is a crucial factor in determining the outcome of social
divisions.”Explain the statement.
16. The combination of politics and social division is very dangerous and explosive.Do you agree? Support your answer
with suitable examples.
17. “In a democracy,political expression of social division is very normal and can be healthy”.Justify this statement with
suitable argument.
18. How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
19. Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.
20. When does a social difference become a social division?

CH-4 GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE

1. What do you mean by ‘Feminist’?
2. What is meant by ‘Sex ratio?
3. Who said that religion can never be separated from politics?
4. Which act provides that equal wages should be paid for equal work to both men and women?
5. How many seats are reserved for women in the local bodies in India?
6. What is Communal politics ?
7. What do you understand by secularism?
8. What is occupational mobility?
9. What does ‘Caste hierarchy’ mean?
10. “Religion can never be separated from politics” by Mahatma Gandhi.Elaborate the Statement.
11. “In Politics , the focus on caste can sometimes give an impression that elections are all about caste are nothing
else.”Justify the statement.
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12. Highlight the positive and negative impact of casteism with regard to political expression.Give any three examples to
justify the statement.
13. How can a relationship between religion and politics be established?or What would happen if politics and religion go
hand in hand ?
14. Describe any five features of the caste system of India.
15. Beside caste,which other factors do matter in electoral politics?Explain
16. How does caste get politicised? Or State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in
India.
17. “Women in the Indian society still suffer from discrimination and oppression.” Support the statement with suitable
examples.
OR
Describe any five ways in which women in India are still discriminated against and oppressed.
OR
What are the problems faced by Indian women which affect their social status? Explain any five.
OR
Describe any four aspects of life in which women are discriminated against in Indian society.
OR
Explain any five aspects of our day-to-day life in which women are discriminated against in India.The following points
sum up how women are still discriminated against and oppressed in India.
21. What is communalism ? What are the major beliefs of communal people ?
22. State any four provisions of the Indian Constitution which makes it a a secular state.
23. Define communalism as an ideology. Explain the forms of communalism in politics.
24. Mention any three constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
25. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
26. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

CH-5 POLITICAL PARTIES

1. What are the various challenges faced by political parties? OR Examine the main ‘challenges’ before ‘political parties.’
2. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy. OR Analyse the main functions of ‘political parties.’
3. What are the components of a political party?
4. What do you understand by ‘Partisanship’?
5. What is ‘defection’?
6. Why is one party political system not considered a good democratic system?
7. Which organization does recognize ‘Political Parties’ in India?
8. Why did India adopt multi-party system?
9. Name any two regional political parties of U.P(Uttar Pradesh).
10. Name the regional parties of J & K with its symbol.
11. Name the regional parties of Punjab, Haryana and Uttarakhand with its symbols.
12. Name the regional parties of Tamil Nadu with its symbol.
13. Name the regional parties of Maharastra, Goa and Karnataka with its symbols.
14. Name the regional parties of West Bengal with its symbol. OR Name the regional parties of Bihar with its symbol.
15. Name the political party which is a result of social reform movement.
16. What is a multi party system?Why has India adopted a multi-party system?Explain.
17. “Political Parties are a necessary condition for a democracy”.Analyse the statement with examples.
18. What is the role of the opposition party in a democracy?
19. “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to political parties all over the world”.Analyse. Or “The
first challenge faced by political parties is lack of internal democracy within parties.Explain
20. What is meant by regional political party?State the conditions required to be recognized as a ‘regional political party’.

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21. State any two points of the ideology of Bhartiya Janata Party.
22. What are the main policies of Indian National Congress?
23. Who formed BSP?What are its main policies?
24. What do you know about Communist Party of India(CPI)?
25. What are the chief characteristics of Communist party of India-Marxist(CPI-M)?
26. Examine any two institutional amendments made by different institutions to reform political parties and their leaders.
27. Why has India adopted a multi party system?

CH-6 OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY

1. How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?
2. Explain ‘Transparency in Democracy’.
3. Explain any one difference between a pressure group and a political party.
4. Why is there an overwhelming support to democracy all over the world? Explain one reason.
5. How can you say that democracy is better than dictatorship?
6. “Democracy is accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.”Evaluate.
7. How does democracy stand better to any other form of government in promoting the dignity and freedom of the
citizens?Write 4 points with examples.
8. “Democratic government is legitimate government”?Support the statement with arguments.
9. Democracy accommodates social diversities.Support the statement with examples.
10. “A democracy must look after the interests of all,not just one section.”Support the statement.
11. How are Complaints treated as testimony to the success of democracy?
12. Is democracy attentive to the needs of people? Is it free from corruption?
13. What Outcomes are expected of a democracy?
14. “What the most distinctive about democracy is that its examination never gets over”.Comment.

CH-7 CHALLENGES OF DEMOCRACY

1. What are reforms?
2. Write a brief note on the statue of the Goddess of Democracy.
3. What are the challenges faced by non-democratic countries?
4. What do we mean by challenge of expansion?
5. What do we mean by challenge of deepening of democracy?
OR 
“The challenge of deepening of democracy is being faced by every democracy in one form or another.”
6. What are the challenges faced by democratic governments?
7. What are the Guidelines for political reforms in India?
8. Support the statement with arguments.When was the ‘Right to Information Act’ implemented? How does it act as the
watch-dog of democracy? Explain.

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 ECONOMICS
CH-1 DEVELOPMENT
1. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this
criterion, if any?
2. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World
Bank?
3. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to develop-
ment.
4. Kerala, with lower per capita has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a
useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
5. Find out the present sources of energy used by people in India. What could be the possibilities fifty years from now?
6. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
7. What are the factors important other than income ?
8. What do you understand by the term ‘Life Expectancy’.
9. Explain Per Capita Income?
10. What is Infant Mortality rate?
11. What is Life Expectancy at Birth?
12. What is Net Attendance Ratio?
13. What is Gross Enrolment ratio?
14. Why do different persons have different notions of development.Explain.
15. “Conflicting goals can be development goals”. Elaborate with examples.
16. “Average income is an important Criterion for Development”.Justify.
17. Compare the aspirational goals of a boy from a rich urban family and a girl from a rich urban family.
18. Explain the meaning of HDI.Mention three components of measuring HDI.
19. What do you understand by sustainability of development? What can be done to make development sustainable?
20. Mention the differences between developed Countries and developing Countries.

CH-2 SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY

1. Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy”. Do you agree? Give reasons
in support of your answer.
2. How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
3. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
4. In which sector are the terms of employment regular?
5. State any two activities which do not come under the primary sector.
6. How is GDP calculated?
7. Why is tertiary sector also called ‘service sector’?
8. What do you mean by ‘Unorganised Sector’?Give two disadvantages of the unorganised sector.
9. Other than agriculture,in which sectors can underemployment occur?
10. Explain the objective of implementing the MGNREGA 2005.
11. How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?
12. Distinguish between Public Sector and Private Sector.
13. Explain any five reasons for service sector growth in India.
14. “When a country develops, the contribution of primary sector declines and that of secondary and tertiary sector
increases”.Analyse the statement.
15. What are the various ways to provide employment opportunities in rural areas?
16. What are the different types of unemployment in India?

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 CH-3 MONEY AND CREDIT
1. How does money solve the problem of double coincidence of wants? Or How does Money eliminate the need for
double coincidence of wants?
2. Explain with an example of your own.
3. How do banks mediate between those who have surplus money and those who need money?
4. What is Cheque?
5. Why is it difficult for poor to get loan from Banks?
6. “Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.” Is it true or not?
Elucidate. 
7. What is a ‘Debt Trap’?
8. What do you mean by collateral?
9. Sumit is using his money to buy assets like house, commercial land and machines. Write is he actually doing?
10. How do the deposits with Banks become their source of income?
11. Why one cannot refuse a payment made in rupees in India?
12. “Banks are efficient medium of exchange”. Support the statement with argument.
13. State any three advantages of an ATM.
14. Explain any three loan activities of Banks in India?
15. Why do we need to expand formal sources of credit in India? Give three reasons.
16. “Credit has its own unique role for development”. Justify the statement with arguments.
17. Explain the values which a borrower should observe for the proper use of loan taken.
18. Why are poor households still dependent on informal sources of credit?
19. “Self help Groups” help borrowers to overcome the problem of lack of collateral.” Examine the statement.
20. How do formal and informal sources of credit differ from each other?
21. How does RBI supervise banks?
22. Why is it necessary that banks and co-operatives increase their lending in rural areas? Explain.

CH-4 GLOBALISATION AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY

1. What do you understand by Globalisation? Explain in your own words.
2. What were the reasons for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did
it wish to remove these barriers.
3. How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?
4. What are the various ways in which MNCs set up or control production in other countries?
5. Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberate their trade and investment? What do you think
should the developing countries demand in return?
6. “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform”. Explain this statement.
7. How has liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the globalisation process?
8. How does foreign trade lead to integration of markets across countries? Explain with an example other than those
given here.

CH-5 CONSUMER RIGHTS

1. Why are rules and regulations required in the marketplace? Illustrate with a few examples.
2. What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its evolution.
3. Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two examples.
4. Mention a few factors which cause exploitation of consumers.
5. What is the rationale behind the enactment of Consumer Protection Act 1986?
6. Describe some of your duties as consumers if you visit a shopping complex in your locality.
7. Suppose you buy bottle of honey and a biscuit packet. Which logo or mark you have to look for and why?
8. Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a few sentences on each. OR Describe any three rights of consumer
which can help him/her against unfair trade practices and exploitation.
9. By what means can the consumers express their solidarity?
10. Critically examine the progress of consumer movement in India.
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 GEOGRAPHY

CH-1 (RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT)

1. State any one reason of the resources being overused.
2. Which is the most widespread relief feature of India.
3. Under which category of soil Banger be classified.
4. How the arid soil can be distinguished from other soils.
5. How gross cropped area is different from Net sown area?
6. Write the most important objective of Agenda 21.
7. Distinguish between stock reserves and reserve resources.”
8. Suggest any three methods of Soil conservation suitable to Indian Conditions.
9. How are laterite soils are formed? Give any one negative and positive aspect of the soil.
10. Examine the three major problems created as a result of indiscriminate utilisation of natural resources.
11. “India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources”. Do you agree with the statement?
Support your answer with examples.
12. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”.How
is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.
13. “Planning is widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources in a country like India.” Justify with examples.
14. Resource planning is complex process and different from planning Conservation. Explain
15. Distinguish between Natural Resources and Cultural Resources?
16. Classify industries on the basis of their ownership by giving suitable examples.
17. Mention factors that determine the economic viability of a reserve.
18. By what name is black soil also known as? In which regions are black soils formed and why?
19. Describe the land use pattern of India?

CH-2 (WATER RESOURCES)

1. Explain how water becomes are renewable resource.
2. What is water scarcity and what are its main causes.
3. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi–purpose river projects.
4. Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semiarid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
5. What are Kuls and guls?
6. What are Johads and khadins?
7. What does ‘Palar Pani‘ mean?
8. State the role of MNC’s in depletion of Fresh water.
9. Which river project faced the public agitation in Gujarat?
10. What was Gendathur renowned for?
11. Cherrapunji gets more than 1100cm rainfall annually, but only 55 km away Shillong gets only about 100 cm rainfall and
consequently faces water scarcity, why so contrast?
12. How have intensive industrialisation and urbanisation posed a great pressure on existing fresh water resources in
India? Explain.
13. Explain the river- water dispute between the states of India.
14. Why did Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaim the dams as the ‘Temples of modern India?
15. Give various methods of rainwater harvesting since ancient times?
16. Why is groundwater a highly overused resource?
17. What are the main causes of water scarcity ?
18. What is a multipurpose river valley projects? State any three objectives of the multipurpose river valley project.
19. Water is available in abundance in India, even than scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of the country.
Explain it with four examples.

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20. Describe the working of the rooftop rainwater harvesting being practised in India.
21. What is the situation regarding water scarcity in post independent India?

CH-3 (AGRICULTURE)
1. Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
2. Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is widespread .
3. Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government.
4. Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
5. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
6. What is jhumming?
7. Why is India called an ‘agrarian’ country?
8. What is commercial farming?
9. What term describes the system of agriculture, where a single crop is grown on a large area?
10. Which state of India is the leading producer of Jowar?
11. How is silk fibre produced?
12. What is the position of India in sugarcane production in the world ?
13. Which important millets are grown in India? Give a brief description about them.
14. What do you know about rubber plantation in India?
15. Which oil seeds are grown in India and what are the uses?
16. What do you understand by Bhoodan and Gramdan?
17. What is ‘Slash and Burn’ agriculture?
18. Give the characteristic of a crop used both as food and fodder?
19. Distinguish between primitive subsistence farming and Intensive subsistence farming?
20. What is meant by ‘Leguminous plant’?Name two pulses grown in Kharif season and two in Rabi season.
21. Describe four geographical conditions required for the growth of Sugarcane.Name two major sugarcane producing
states of North India.
22. Which crop is known as a ‘golden fibre’? Explain any two geographical conditions essential for the cultivations of this
crop. Mention its four uses.
23. “Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy”. Explain
24. Suggest the technological and institutional reform initiatives taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural
production.
25. What geographical conditions are needed for the second most important cereal crop of India? Name some regions
where it is grown?
26. Why has Indian agriculture started a decline in the trend of food production?How can we overcome this problem?

CH-4 MINERALS ENERGY RESOURCES

1. Distinguish between the following.
a. Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
b. Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
2. What is a Mineral?
3. How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
4. Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
5. Describe the distribution of coal in India.
6. Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
7. Where are Kudremukh mines located.Why are the called ‘Kudremukh mines?
8. What is an ‘Ore’?
9. Give an example of non-metallic mineral.
10. Name the industry which uses limestone as its basic raw material.

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11. Which fuel is considered environment friendly fuel’?
12. Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged?
13. How are ‘Gobar Gas Plants’ beneficial to the farmers?
14. Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals
15. Describe any three characteristics of ‘Odisha-Jharkhand belt’ of iron one in India.
16. What are the chief characteristics of bauxite?
17. What are the chief characteristics of mica?
18. What are the uses of copper? Give distribution of copper in India.
19. India now ranks as a ‘wind superpower of the world’. Is it true
20. What are the various uses of coal?
21. What is Rat-hole mining?
22. What are ‘Placer Deposits’?
23. Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India? Mention any two uses of manganese?
24. Make a distinction between hydroelectricity and Thermal electricity.
25. Differentiate between Biogas and Natural Gas?
26. What are hazards of mining?
27. Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources?Explain any four ways to conserve mineral resources.
28. How can biogas solve the energy problems mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions.
29. ‘Natural gas is an important source of clean energy’.Support the statement with examples.
30. ‘Minerals are indispensable part of our lives’. support this statement with suitable examples.
31. ‘India is fortunate to have fairly rich and varied mineral resources.However,these are unevenly distributed.’ Comment.
32. What is the second most important energy resource in India after Coal.Mention it’s two uses along with its deposits in
India?

CH-5 (MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES)

1. What are agglomeration economies?
2. Give one difference between public and private sectors?
3. What was the objective of National Jute Policy formulated in 2005?
4. Where does India stand in sugar production?
5. What do you know about SAIL?
6. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials?
7. Name the mineral which is used to harden steel during manufacturing?
8. How did the “Bailadila” Iron ore field get its name?
9. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material.
10. Why has aluminum metal great importance?
11. How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru?
12. “Industrialisation tion and Urbanisation go hand in hand.”Validate the statement.
13. “Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country.”Support the statement
with.
14. “Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.”Support the statement with three examples.
15. How are industries responsible for polluting freshwater?Suggest any three measures to reduce the water pollution.
16. Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world,yet we are not able to perform to our full
potential.”Why?
17. Suggest any three steps to minimise the environment degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
18. Why are Jute Mills concentrated along the Hoogly river? Explain giving reasons.
19. Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India.Explain any three objectives of National Jute
Policy.

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20. Why are sugar Mills concentrated in sugarcane producing areas? Explain any three problems faced by sugar industry
in India.
21. “The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy.”
22. “Production and Consumption of steel is often regarded as the Index of a country’s development.”Examine the statement.

CH-6 (LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY)

1. What is the significance of the border roads?
2. What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
3. Name the southern terminal station of the ‘North-South Corridor’.
4. What is ‘International Trade’?
5. Name the river which is related to ‘National Waterways No.1?
6. Name the river which is related to ‘National Waterways No.2 ?
7. Name the state which is related to ‘National Waterways No.3?
8. What types of tourism attract tourists to India?
9. Name the first sea port developed after independence on the Western Coast of India.
10. What does ‘Balance of trade’ mean.
11. “Airways is the most preferred mode of transport in North-Eastern states of India.” Give three reasons to prove this
preference.
12. “Information and communication technology has played a major role in spreading out production of services across
countries”.Justify the statement with examples.
13. Evaluate any three features of “Golden Quadrilateral” Super Highways.
14. What is pipeline transportation?
15. Write two merits and demerits of the same.
16. Differentiate between Personal and Mass Communication.
17. “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India”. Support the statement with arguments.
18. Explain any five major problems faced by road transport in India.
19. “Dense and efficient network of transport is a prerequisite for Trade”.Examine
20. “The distribution pattern of Indian Railways network is influenced by the physiographic factors”.Examine
OR
Explain with examples the conditions responsible for uneven distribution pattern of the railway network in India.
21. ‘No country can survive without international trade in the present Global world’. Explain the statement.
22. Why is tourism considered a trade as well as an industry?
23. “Means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a Nation and its economy.Why?

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 HISTORY

CH-1 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

1. Write a note on:
a. Guiseppe Mazzini b. Count Camillo de Cavour c. The Greek war of Independence
d. Frankfurt Parliament e. The role of women in nationalist Struggle
2. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
3. Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
4. Briefly trace the process of German unification.
Or
Describe the process of unification of Germany.
5. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?
6. Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas
supported by the liberals?
7. Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.
8. By focussing on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the 19th century.
9. How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
10. Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans?
11. Name one state which was rules by an Indian house before Unification of Italy.
12. Who formed a secret society, called ‘Young Italy’?
13. Which group of the countries was known as the ‘Central Powers’ in Europe?
14. Through which route the Early Christian missionaries travelled to Asia?
15. Which statement is true about the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832?
16. What is the importance of the civil code of 1804 or the Napoleonic Code?
17. What was Romanticism?
18. What was the role of Giuseppe Garibaldi in the unification of Italy.
19. What is an allegory ?
20. ‘When France Sneezes, the rest of the Europe catches cold’- Who is the speaker of the line here?
21. Why Count Camilo De Cavour was remembered in history?
22. What led to widespread Pauperism in Europe?
23. What changes were brought in France after the events of February 1848?
24. Who was Frederic Sorrieu?
25. Name the Treaty recognised Greece as an independent nation?
26. What were the reasons for the concflict in the Balkans?
27. What new economic situation were created by the First World War.
28. Explain how culture play an important role in creating the idea of a nation in Europe?
29. Explain the role of Wonen in the nationalist struggles of Europe?
30. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after ?Explain with examples.
31. Explain the various stages of Italian Unification.
32. Explain the process of German Unification.
33. Explain the factors contributed ti the great economic Hardships in 1830’s in Europe?

CH-2 THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN INDO-CHINA

1. Write a note on:
a. What was meant by the ‘civilising mission’ of the colonisers? b. Huynh Phu So
2. Explain the following:

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 a. Only one-third of the students in Vietnam would pass the school-leaving examinations.
b. The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta.
c. The government made the Saigon Native Girls’ School take back the students it had expelled.
d. Rats were most common in the modern, newly built areas of Hanoi.
3. Describe the ideas behind the Tonkin Free School. To what extent was it a typical example of colonial ideas in
Vietnam?
4. What was Phan Chu Trinh’s objective for Vietnam? How were his ideas different from those of Phan Boi Chau?
5. With reference to what you have read in this chapter, discuss the influence of China on Vietnam’s culture and life.
6. What was the role of religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam?
7. Explain the causes of the US involvement in the war in Vietnam. What effect did this involvement have on life within the
US itself?
8. Write an evaluation of the Vietnamese war against the US from the point of
a. a porter on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. b. a woman soldier.
9. What was the role of women in the anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam? Compare this with the role of women in the
nationalist struggle in India.

CH-3 NATIONALISM IN INDIA

1. Explain: (Write in Brief)
a. Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement?
b. How did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India?
c. Why were Indians outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
d. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?
2. What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha?
3. Write a newspaper report on: a. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre. b. The Simon Commission.
4. Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in chapter 1.
5. List all the different social groups which joined the non-cooperation movement of 1921. Then choose any three and
write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.
6. Discuss the salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.
7. Imagine you are a woman participating in the civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your
life.
8. Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?
9. Which agreement gave reversed seats to ‘Depressed Classes’ in Provincial and Central Legislative Councils?
10. In which place Mahatma Gandhi organised Satyagraha for the first time in India?
11. Who was the leader of militant Guerrilla Movement in the Gudem hills?
12. What was Champaran Movement?
13. What was the condition of the plantation workers during the colonial rule in India?
14. Name the party founded in 1928 in Delhi ?
15. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a Nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act,1919?Explain the
reasons.
16. Describe the main features of the Poona Pact.
17. Who announced a vague offer of ‘Dominion status’ for India in 1929?
18. What was the reason for calling off the Non Cooperation Movement?
19. Write any three efforts made by Gandhiji for the upliftment of the depressed classes.
20. What were the main features of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
21. Explain the economic implications of the First World War on India?
22. State the three experiments Gandhiji made with Satyagraha, in India ?
23. Explain the factors responsible for the growth of nationalism in India ?
24. Why Gandhiji supported the Khilafat Movement?
25. What do you know about the Simon Commission?

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26. Describe the reactions of the Indians against the Rowlatt Act ?
27. Discuss any three problems faced by the peasents of Awadh.
28. Explain the Salt March undertaken by Gandhiji.
29. Determine the main features of the Gudem Rebellion?
30. “Dalit Participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement”. Examine the statement.
31. What was Gandhi Irwin Pact ?
32. How did Civil Disobedience Movement come into force in various parts of the country? Explain with examples.
33. How had Non-Cooperation Movement spread to the countryside? Explain.
34. How could non-cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples.
35. Explain any three causes that led the tribals to revolt in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
36. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with Gandhiji’s ideas.
37. The place where the Indian National Congress session was held in 1927. The place associated with peasants’
Satyagraha
OR
The place where peasants struggled against the indigo plantation system.
OR
The place where the ‘Movement of Indigo planters’ was started.
38. The city associated with the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
39. The place where cotton mill workers organised Satyagraha in 1918.
OR
Name the place related to the Satyagraha of peasants in Gujarat.
40. The place related to the calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
41. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
OR
The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in September 1920.
42. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in 1920.
43. The place where peasants organized a Satyagraha
Or
The place where ‘No Tax Campaign’ was started.
44. The place where the Civil Disobedience Movement was started.
45. Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols on the given outline map of India.
1. Champaran-The place, from where the movement of Indigo planters was Started.
2. Bardoli-The place from where ‘No Tax Campaign’ was started.
3. Chauri-Chaura-The place of calling off Non-Cooperation Movement.
4. Amritsar-The place where Jallian wala Bagh incident took place.
5. Kheda-The place where the peasants Satyagraha was held.
6. Madras-The place where, the Indian National Congress Session of 1927 was held.

CH-4 THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD

1. Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing
one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
2. Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of America.
3. Write a note to explain the effects of the following:
a. The British government’s decision to abolish the Corn Laws.
b. The coming of Rinderpest to Africa.
c. The death of men of working-age in Europe because of the World War.
d. The Great Depression on the Indian economy.
e. The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries.

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4. Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.
5. What is meant by the ‘Bretton Woods’ Agreement?
6. Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a
letter to your family describing your life and feelings.
7. Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type
of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it.
8. Explain the causes of the Great Depression.
9. Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the
‘Bretton Woods’ twins?
10. East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.Explain
11. Who were Gomasthas?
12. What was indentured labour?
13. Why the 1830s was the year of great economic hardships?
14. What was Chutney music?
15. Define Trade Surplus?
16. What is El Dorado in South America, is famous for ?
17. What were the effects of the Great Depression on the Indian economy?
18. Explain how the abolition of Corn Laws in Britain led to the emergence of a global agricultural economy?
19. Examine the main features of global agricultural economy that emerged around 1890?
20. Explain the impacts of scrapping of the Corn Laws?
21. Why was the 19th century indenture system referred ta as the ‘new system of slavery’?
22. Why has the 19th Century indenture been described as a new System of Slavery?
23. List the various problems faced by the Indian weavers in the 19th Century?
24. What were the reasons for the clashes between Gomasthas and Weavers?

CH-5 THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION

1. Explain the following:
a. Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.
b. In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the
villages.
c. The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century
d. The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.
2. Write True or False against each statement.
a. At the end of the 19th century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically
advanced industrial sector.
b. The international market for fine textile was dominated by India till the 18th century.
c. The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
d. The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled handloom workers to improve their productivity.
3. Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation
4. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
5. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?
6. Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopaedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write
your piece using information from the entire chapter.
7. Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World War?
8. When was Spinning Jenny devised and by whom?
9. What is Stapler?
10. Why did the handloom cloth production increase in the 20th Century?
11. Name an eminent pre-colonial port.

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12. Write a short note on- The Great Depression on the Indian Economy.
13. Explain what is meant by proto —Industrialisation.Why was it successful in the country side in England in the 17th
century?
14. Describe the factors that led to the end of the Bretton Woods system and the beginning of globalisation.
15. Why did Cotton and textile industry become the chief industry in England ?
16. Describe the impacts of Manchester imports on the cotton weavers of India?
17. ’The modern industrialisation could not marginalise the traditional industries in England.”Justify the statement with any
five suitable arguments.
18. How did Indian entrepreneurs survive despite tight economic controls imposed by the British Government?
19. How rapid was the process of industrialisation in Britain?
20. Explain the role of advertisement in creating new consumers for British products.

CH-6 WORK, LIFE AND LEISURE

1. Give two reasons why the population of London expanded from the middle of the eighteenth century.
2. What were the changes in the kind of work available to women in London between the nineteenth and the twentieth
century? Explain the factors which led to this change.
3. How does the existence of a large urban population affect each of the following? Illustrate with historical examples.
a. A private landlord b. A Police Superintendent in charge of law and order c. A leader of a political party
4. Give explanations for the following:
a. Why well-off Londowners supported the need to build housing for the poor in the nineteenth century?
b. Why a number of Bombay films were about the lives of migrants?
c. What led to the major expansion of Bombay’s population in the mid-nineteenth century?
5. What forms of entertainment came up in nineteenth century England to provide leisure activities for the people.
6. Explain the social changes in London which led to the need for the Underground railway. Why was the development of
the Underground criticised?
7. Explain what is meant by the Haussmanisation of Paris. To what extent would you support or oppose this form of
development? Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper to either support or oppose this, giving reasons for your view.
8. To what extent does government regulation and new laws solve problems of pollution? Discuss one example each of
the success and failure of legislation to change the quality of: a. public Life b. private life
9. How did the British get control of the seven islands which later formed Bombay ?
10. Who was Baron Haussmann?
11. Define Akharas?
12. Who designed city of Earswick?
13. What were tenements ?
14. What are Chap books?
15. Who was Ebenezer Howard?
16. What was the Temperance Movement? What was it’s main aim?
17. Write any three benefits of refrigerated ships?
18. Why along with growth as a city , London became a centre of crime ?
19. What were the main features of the cities of colonial India?
20. Who were Philanthropists?Explain any two steps taken to control crime in London in the 1870s.
21. Why did the population of London city expand over the 19th century? Explain
22. Describe the social life of people in Bombay.
23. Why has city life always attracted those seeking freedom and opportunity. Explain
24. Describe any four features of the big modern city of Calcutta as viewed by the Gods in the novel written by Durgacharan
Ray?
25. Describe the conditions of Chawls in Bombay ?
26. Why underground railways referred to as the ‘Iron monsters’?

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 OR
“Even though the underground Railway eventually became a huge success, it was opposed by many people
initially”.Explain five valid reasons for this opposition.
27. How did Bombay emerge as an important colonial city?
28. Examine any three effects of air pollution on Calcutta.
29. When and why was the Rent Act passed in Bombay during British period. What was it’s out come.
30. The congestion in the 19th Century industrial city led to a yearning for clean country air.Explain how wishes of people
fulfilled.
31. Describe any five features of land reclamation in Bombay.
32. Explain any 5 changes that took place in the family life in 18th century, which promoted individualism in the city life.
33. Explain any 5 sources of entertainment which came up in the 19th century in England to provide leisure activities.

CH-7 PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD

1. Give reasons for the following:
a. Woodblock print only came to Europe after 1295.
b. Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it.
c. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
d. Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.
2. Write short notes on
a. The Gutenberg Press b. Erasmus’s idea of the printed book c. The Vernacular Press Act
3. What did the spread of print culture in nineteenth century India mean to:
a. Women b. The poor c. Reformers
4. Why did some people in eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism?
5. Why did some people fear the effect of easily available printed books? Choose one example from Europe and one from
India.
6. What were the effects of the spread of print culture for poor people in nineteenth century India?
7. Explain how print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India.
8. What is Kissa goi?
9. What is Caligraphy?
10. What was the use of woodblocks in the 15th century in Europe?
11. Who developed the first printing press?
12. Name the Persian newspapers published in India in early 19th Century.
13. Who agreed to revise Press Laws in 1835?
14. Who introduced hand-printing technology in Japan?
15. Mention one feature of the oldest Japanese book?
16. Name the newspaper started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in India in the 19th Century.
17. Give the ancient name of Tokyo?
18. How were Biliotheque Bleue different from penny chap books?
19. Who was Marco Polo? What was his contribution to print culture?
20. ‘The new technology could not entirely displace the existing art of producing books by hand during 15th century’. justify
21. Explain how the shift from hand printing to mechanical printing led to the print revolution in Europe.
22. How did the printers managed to attract the people, largely illiterate, towards printed books?
23. Describe the role of censorship in Print Culture.
24. Who invented the printing press and how did he develop the printing technology?
25. Describe the effects of print culture in the religious sphere in early modern Europe.
26. ‘Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one’. Who said this?How did print help to promote Protestant
Reformation?

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27. How did print bring the reading public and hearing public closer?
28. Explain the factors responsible for the invention of new printing technology.
29. Describe was Vernacular Press Act.
30. Examine the role of missionaries in the growth of press in India.
31. Explain, how had the print Culture changed the way of life of women and workers in the late nineteenth century in India?

CH-8 NOVELS SOCIETY AND HISTORY

1. Explain the following:
a. Social changes in Britain which led to an increase in women readers.
b. What actions of Robinson Crusoe make us see him as a typical coloniser?
c. After 1740, the readership of novels began to include poorer people.
d. Novelists in colonial India wrote for a political cause.
2. Outline the changes in technology and society which led to an increase in readers of the novel in eighteenth-century
Europe.
3. Write a note on: a. Oriya Novel b. Jane Austin’s Portrayal of Women.
c. The picture of new middle class, which the novel ‘Pariksha-Guru’ Portrays.
4. Discuss some of the social changes in nineteenth-century Britain which Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens wrote
about.
5. Summarise the concern in both nineteenth-century Europe and India about women reading novels. What does this
suggest about how women were viewed?
6. In what ways was the novel in colonial India useful for both the colonisers as well as the nationalists?
7. Describe how the issue of caste was included in novels in India. By referring to any two novels, discuss the ways in
which they tried to make readers think about existing social issues.
8. Describe the ways in which the novel in India attempted to create a sense of pan-Indian belonging.
9. Who was the author of the novel ‘ Anandmatha’?
10. Name the earliest novel written in Marathi language.
11. Name the first modern novel in Malayalam?
12. Who wrote the novel ‘Oliver Twist’?
13. Which major theme were taken up by the women in their novels?
14. Name the first novel written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya.
15. Name the newspaper started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in India during 19th Century.
16. Who is the author of the ‘Jungle Book’?
17. Which book was written with adolescent girls in mind?
18. Name the novel written by Daniel Defoe.
19. Which novel written in Bengali in 1956, describe the community life of the fisher-folks in details?
20. Differentiate between the novels written by Charlotte Bronte and novels written by Jane Austen ?
21. Write any three features of novels written by Munshi Premchand.
22. Describe the contribution of Charles Dickens in the field of English literature.
23. Who wrote the novel ‘Saraswativijayam’? Briefly explain its theme.
24. Explain three reasons of the popularity of novels.
25. How novels were useful for the Indians?Explain.
26. Why were children prevented from reading novels? Explain three valid reasons.
27. Who wrote ‘Pariksha Guru’? Explain any two features of
28. “The novel reading became popular source of pleasure in India.”Explain.
29. Explain the factors that led to women writing novels in Europe?
30. How the novels helped in the spread of silent reading?
31. Examine the contribution of Munshi Premchand in achieving excellence in Hindi literature.

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