FILLER WIRES FOR GTAW PROCESS

F 70 S2 F 70 S2 (NACE)

CODIFICATION : AWS : ER70S-2 CODIFICATION : AWS : ER70S-2

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS: CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS:

F 70 S2 is triple deoxidized copper-coated mild steel wire available in bright finish, F 70 S2 (NACE) is triple deoxidized copper coated mild steel wire available in bright
gives smooth flow, stable arc and spatter free under optimum welding conditions. finish, gives smooth flow, stable arc and spatter free under optimum welding
It gives radiographic quality welds. Suitable for root run of mild steel pipes. Ideal conditions. It gives radiographic quality welds. Suitable for root run of mild steel
for welding A36, A285 grade C, A515-55, A516-70, etc. pipes. Ideal for welding A36, A285 grade C, A515-55, A516-70, etc.
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE: TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE:
Element C Mn Si P S Ti Zr AI Cu Ni Cr Mo Element C Mn Si P S Ti Zr AI Cu Ni Cr Mo
% 0.05 1.25 0.55 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 % 0.05 1.25 0.55 0.010 0.008 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10
TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL
UTS YS Elongation CVN Impact strength UTS YS Elongation CVN Impact strength at
(MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) % at -30 oC (Joules) (MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) % minus 30 oC (Joules)
530 440 28.0 60 530 440 28.0 85
SHIELDING GAS : Argon for TIG welding, Argon/CO2 for MIG and CO2 CORROSION TEST : Passes corrosion test as per NACE standard TM-01-77-
welding. 96 (SSCC) and TM-02-84-96 (HIC)
STANDARD WIRE : 1.2 mm and 1.6 mm diameter available in cut lengths. HARDNESS OF WELD METAL : 200 HV5 Max.
Other diameter can be supplied on request. SHIELDING GAS : Argon for TIG welding, Argon/CO 2 for MIG and CO 2
PACKING : Cut lengths of 1000 mm and 500 mm. welding.
Cut lengths supplied in 5 kgs.
Coils in required weight. STANDARD WIRE : 1.2 mm and 1.6 mm diameter available in cut
Robust cardboard cartons or plastic tubes.
lengths.
APPROVALS : BV, PDIL, NPCIL Other diameter can be supplied on request.
PACKING : Cut lengths of 1000 mm and 500 mm.
Cut lengths supplied in 5 kgs.
Coils in required weight.
Robust cardboard cartons or plastic tubes.
 F C - Mo FMn-Mo

CODIFICATION : AWS : ER70S-A1 CODIFICATION : AWS : ER80S-G

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS: CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS:

F C-Mo is a copper-coated solid wire available in bright finish, gives smooth flow, F Mn-Mo is a copper-coated solid wire available in bright finish, gives smooth flow,
stable arc and spatter free under optimum welding conditions. It gives radiographic stable arc and spatter free under optimum welding conditions. It gives radiographic
quality welds. It is ideally suited for welding of low alloy ferritic steels of similar quality welds. It is suitable for welding high strength fine-grained structural steels
composition. The weld metal possesses good high temperature properties. Typical containing ~0.5%Mo. The wire is also suitable for welding of penstock pipe-line,
applications include the welding of Carbon Molybdenum steels such as, ASTM fabrication of earth moving equipments, etc. where high tensile strength property
Grade F1 of SA-182 & SA-336, Grade A of SA-204, Grade T1/T1a/T1b of SA-209, is desired from the weld metal. Suitable for welding of ASTM steels: SA-455/ SA-
Grade WC1 of SA-217, Grade A of SA-302, Grade P1 of SA-335, Class 1 of A grades 455M, Gr.60, Gr.65 steels of SA-515/ SA-515M, Gr.60, Gr.65 steels of SA-516/
of SA-533, etc. SA-516M, Class 1 of A, B, C, D grades of SA-533/ SA-533M, etc.
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE: TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE:
Element C Mn Si S P Mo Cu Element C Mn Si S P Mo Cu
% 0.06 1.2 0.45 0.010 0.012 0.55 0.10 % 0.06 0.55 0.53 0.010 0.015 0.50 0.15
TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL
(UNDER ARGON GAS SHIELDING) : After PWHT at 620 0C for 1 hour (UNDER ARGON GAS SHIELDING) :
UTS YS Elongation UTS YS Elongation
(MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) % (MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) %
560 450 25.0 640 540 23.0
SHIELDING GAS : Argon SHIELDING GAS : Argon
CURRENT CONDITION : DCEN CURRENT CONDITION : DCEN
WELDING POSITION : H, F, VU, OH WELDING POSITION : H, F, VU, OH
PACKING : PACKING :
STANDARD SIZE 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm & 3.2 mm in cut lengths STANDARD SIZE 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm & 3.2 mm in cut lengths
of 500 mm / 1000 mm each. of 500 mm / 1000 mm each.
QUANTITY 5 kg wire put in an airtight polythene bag and finally QUANTITY 5 kg wire put in an airtight polythene bag and finally
packed in a plastic container. packed in a plastic container.
Identification : Brand name & AWS code is punched on Identification : Brand name & AWS code is punched on
each wire. each wire.
 F Cr-Mo 1 F Cr-Mo 2

CODIFICATION : AWS : ER80S-B2 CODIFICATION : AWS : ER90S-B3

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS: CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS:

F Cr-Mo 1 is a copper-coated solid wire available in bright finish, gives smooth flow, F Cr-Mo 2 is a copper-coated solid wire available in bright finish, gives smooth flow,
stable arc and spatter free under optimum welding conditions. It gives radiographic stable arc and spatter free under optimum welding conditions. It gives radiographic
quality welds. It is suitable for welding 1.25Cr - 0.5Mo steel. The weld metal quality welds. It is suitable for welding 2.25Cr - 1Mo steel. The weld metal
possesses good high temperature properties. It deposits notch free weld deposit possesses good high temperature properties. It deposits notch free weld deposit
with excellent mechanical properties. Especially suitable for welding of pipes & with excellent mechanical properties. Especially suitable for welding of pipes and
tubes of matching composition in Power plants, Refineries, Petrochemicals, tubes of matching composition in Power plants, Refineries, Petrochemicals,
Fertilizer plants, etc. Suitable for welding of ASTM steels: Grade F2, F11, F12 Fertilizer plants, etc. Suitable for welding of ASTM steels: Grade F22 (class 1 & 3)
class 1 & 2 of SA-182, Grade T11of SA-199, Grade T2, T11 & T12 of SA-213, of SA-182 and SA-336, Grade T4, T22 of SA-199, Grade T22 of SA-213, Grade
Grade WC6 of SA-217, Grade P2, P11 & P12 of SA-335, Grade FP2, FP11 & FP12 of WC9 of SA-217, Grade P22 of SA-335, Grade FP22 of SA-369, Grade 22, 22L of SA-
SA-369, Grade 2, 11 & 12 of SA-387, Grade CP2, CP11 & CP12 of SA-426, etc. 387, Grade CP22 of SA-426, Grade 22 of SA-541, Class 1 of A, B types of SA-542,
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE: etc.
Element C Mn Si S P Cr Mo Cu TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE:
% 0.08 0.50 0.55 0.010 0.012 1.30 0.55 0.10 Element C Mn Si S P Cr Mo Cu
TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL % 0.09 0.50 0.55 0.010 0.012 2.50 1.10 0.10
(UNDER ARGON GAS SHIELDING) : After PWHT at 620 0C for 1 hour TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL
UTS YS Elongation (UNDER ARGON GAS SHIELDING) : After PWHT at 690 0C for 1 hour
(MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) % UTS YS Elongation
620 550 24 (MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) %
SHIELDING GAS : Argon 680 600 20
CURRENT CONDITION : DCEN SHIELDING GAS : Argon
WELDING POSITION : H, F, VU, OH CURRENT CONDITION : DCEN
PACKING : WELDING POSITION : H, F, VU, OH
STANDARD SIZE 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm & 3.2 mm in cut lengths PACKING :
of 500 mm / 1000 mm each. STANDARD SIZE 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm & 3.2 mm in cut lengths
QUANTITY 5 kg wire put in an airtight polythene bag and finally of 500 mm / 1000 mm each.
packed in a plastic container. QUANTITY 5 kg wire put in an airtight polythene bag and finally
Identification : Brand name & AWS code is punched on packed in a plastic container.
each wire. Identification : Brand name & AWS code is punched on
each wire.
 F Cr-Mo 5 F Cr-Mo 91

CODIFICATION : AWS : ER80S-B6 CODIFICATION : AWS : ER90S-B9

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS: CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS:

F Cr-Mo 5 is a copper-coated solid wire available in bright finish, gives smooth flow, F Cr-Mo 91 is a copper-coated solid wire yielding 9% Cr-1% Mo and modified with
stable arc and spatter free under optimum welding conditions. It gives radiographic Niobium, Vanadium and Nitrogen designed to provide improved creep strength,
quality welds. It is suitable for welding 5Cr-0.5Mo steel. The weld metal possesses toughness, fatigue life, oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated
good high temperature properties. The weld metal possesses excellent creep temperatures. The wire gives stable arc, smooth welding performances and
property up to 550 0C. Especially suitable for welding of pipes and tubes of matching deposits radiographic quality welds. It is designed to weld the materials in power
composition in Power plants, Refineries, Petrochemicals, Fertilizer plants, etc. plant and refineries etc. Following are some of the steels that can be welded with
Suitable for welding of ASTM steels: Grade F5/ F5a & F21 of SA-182, Grade T4, this wire.
T22 of SA-199, Grade T22 of SA-213, Grade C5 of SA-217, Grade P22 of SA-335, I) Plate: A 387 Gr.91 (II) Pipes: A 335-P91 (III) Tubes: A 213 - T91
Grade F5 & F21 (class 1&3) of SA-336, Grade FP5, FP21 of SA-369, Grade 5, 21 & TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE:
21L of SA-387, Grade CP5, CP21 of SA-426, Class 4, 4a of E types of SA-542, etc. Element C Mn Si P S Cr Ni Mo V Nb N AI
TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WIRE: % 0.11 1.10 0.30 0.01 0.01 9.35 0.90 1.00 0.20 0.03 0.03 0.01
Element C Mn Si S P Cr Mo Cu TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL
% 0.06 0.50 0.40 0.010 0.012 5.20 0.55 0.10 (UNDER ARGON GAS SHIELDING) : (AFTER PWHT AT 740 0C FOR 1
TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL HOUR)
(UNDER ARGON GAS SHIELDING) : (AFTER PWHT AT 750 0C FOR 1 UTS YS Elongation CVN Impact strength at
HOUR) (MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) % 20oC (Joules)
UTS YS Elongation 810 700 19.0 50
(MPa) (MPa) (L=4d) % SHIELDING GAS : Argon
600 520 25 CURRENT CONDITIONS : DCEN
SHIELDING GAS : Argon WELDING POSITION : H, F, VU, OH
CURRENT CONDITION : DCEN PACKING :
WELDING POSITION : H, F, VU, OH STANDARD SIZE 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm & 3.2 mm in cut lengths
PACKING : of 500 mm / 1000 mm each.
STANDARD SIZE 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm & 3.2 mm in cut lengths QUANTITY 5 kg wire put in an airtight polythene bag and finally
of 500 mm / 1000 mm each. packed in a plastic container.
QUANTITY 5 kg wire put in an airtight polythene bag and finally Identification : Brand name & AWS code is punched on
packed in a plastic container. each wire.
Identification : Brand name & AWS code is punched on
each wire.
 FILLER WIRES FOR GTAW PROCESS
BRAND AWS TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WIRE (%) APPLICATION
NAME CLASSIF- C Mn Si S P Cr Ni OTHERS
ICATION

STAINLESS STEELS

FW 308 ER308 0.040 1.20 0.34 0.010 0.016 20.0 10.6 - Suitable for welding AISI 304 and similar
compositions.

FW 308 L ER 308L 0.025 1.20 0.34 0.010 0.016 20.0 10.6 - Ideal for welding similar ELC versions. The deposit
possesses excellent corrosion resistance.

FW 309 ER 309 0.050 1.75 0.35 0.010 0.020 23.3 13.8 - For welding carbon steel to stainless steels, clad
steels, etc.

FW 309 L ER 309L 0.020 1.75 0.35 0.010 0.020 23.3 13.8 - For welding carbon steels to low carbon stainless steels,
clad steels, etc.

FW 310 ER310 0.080 1.65 0.34 0.005 0.015 26.6 21.3 - For welding dissimilar steels, heat resistant
castings, etc.

FW 316 ER316 0.040 1.50 0.50 0.010 0.012 19.5 12.5 Mo : 2.3 For welding AISI 316 and similar compositions.

FW 316L ER316L 0.020 1.50 0.50 0.010 0.012 19.5 12.5 Mo : 2.3 For welding AISI 316L and similar composition.
The deposit possesses excellent corrosion
resistant.

FW 316L-LF - 0.020 1.87 0.34 0.010 0.012 18.5 13.1 Mo : 2.50 Deposits fully austenitic welds for excellent
N : 0.13 resistance to corrosion especially in urea service.

FW 347 ER347 0.040 2.00 0.37 0.010 0.015 19.5 9.5 Cb+Ta : 0.75 Deposits stabilized weld metal for welding stainless
steels of type AISI 347, 321, etc.

FW 347L ER347L 0.020 2.00 0.37 0.010 0.015 19.5 9.5 Cb+Ta : 0.70 Ideal for welding stabilized, low carbon version of
18/8 type.
 FILLER WIRES FOR GTAW PROCESS
BRAND AWS TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WIRE (%) APPLICATION
NAME CLASSIF- C Mn Si S P Cr Ni OTHERS
ICATION

FW 410 ER410 0.080 0.55 0.45 0.010 0.025 12.6 0.5 - For welding straight chromium stainless steels of
similar composition.

FW 430 ER430 0.050 0.50 0.40 0.010 0.025 16.2 0.5 - For welding ferritic stainless steels.

FW 2209 ER2209 0.025 1.10 0.60 0.025 0.025 22.0 8.5 Mo : 3.0 For welding duplex stainless steels of the 22Cr-
N :0.10 9Ni- 3Mo types such as UNS S31803

FW 2553 ER2553 0.030 1.10 0.60 0.025 0.030 25.0 5.0 Mo : 3.2 For welding super duplex stainless
N : 0.15 steels having minimum 25%Cr.
NICKEL AND ITS ALLOYS

FW 1250 ERNiCu-7 0.025 0.87 0.16 0.006 0.010 - 63.8 Cu : 31.0 For welding monel to itself and to carbon steels.
Ti : 2.56

FW 1280 ERNi-1 0.025 0.44 0.20 0.010 0.007 - 96.2 Ti : 2.6 For welding nickel to itself and to carbon steels.

FW NiCr-3 ERNiCr-3 0.035 3.00 0.30 0.010 0.025 20.0 71.0 Fe : 2.5 For welding a range of Inconel 600,601, 690,
Cb+Ta : 2.5 Incoloy 800, 800H, 800HT and 9% Nickel steel.
Used for dissimilar applications joining Inconel
600 or Incoloy 800 with carbon steels and stainless
steels, also for 200 and 400 type alloys.

NOTE :
SIZES AVAILABLE : Any standard size from 1.2 mm to
4.0 mm diameter.
FORM : Cut lengths of 1000 mm or Coils
of required weight.
PACKING : Cut lengths supplied in 5 kgs.
robust cardboard cartons.
 SOME COMMON ASME
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
STEEL TYPE TYPICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OTHERS UTS (ksi) RECOMMENDED
SPEC. C Mn Si Mo Ni Cr ELECTRODE

SA 36 Structural steel - - - - - - - - Medio / Supratherme

SA 202 Gr-A Cr-Mn-Si alloy plates 0.17 0.97-1.52 0.54-0.96 - - 0.31-0.64 - 75-95 Tensal
B for pressure vessels 0.25 0.97-1.52 0.54-0.96 - - 0.31-0.64 - 85-110 Tensal
SA 203 Gr-A Ni-alloy steel plates 0.17* 0.78* 0.13-0.45 - 2.03-2.57 - - 65-85 Nitherme 2.5
B for pressure vessels 0.21* 0.78* 0.13-0.45 - 2.03-2.57 - - 70-90 Nitherme 2.5
D 0.17* 0.78* 0.13-0.45 - 3.18-3.82 - - 65-85 Nitherme 3.5
E 0.20* 0.78* 0.13-0.45 - 3.18-3.82 - - 70-90 Nitherme 3.5
SA 204 Gr-A C-Mo alloy steel 0.18* 0.98 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 - - - 65-85 Molytherme
B plates for pressure 0.20* 0.98 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 - - - 70-90 Molytherme
C vessels 0.23* 0.98 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 - - - 75-95 Molytherme
SA285 Gr-A Low and intermediate 0.17 0.98 - - - - - 45-65 Medio / Exobel (for T< 16 mm)
B tensile strength 0.22 0.98 - - - - - 50-70 Supratherme (for T > 16 mm)
C C-steel plates for 0.28 0.98 - - - - - 55-75
pressure vessels - - 75-95 Tensal
SA 299 C-Mn-Si steel plates 0.28* 0.84-1.52* 0.13-0.45 - -
for pressure vessels - - 75-95 Nimotherme-1/Molytherme- Extra
SA 302 Gr-A Mn-Mo-and 0.20* 0.87-1.41 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 - - - 80-100 Do
B Mn- Mo-Ni alloy 0.20* 1.07-1.62 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 - - - - 80-100 Nimotherme-1
C steel plates for 0.20* 1.07-1.62 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 0.37-0.73 - - 80-100 Nimotherme-1
D pressure vessels 0.20* 1.07-1.62 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 0.67-1.03 - CVN Impact strength at 100-120 D&H 1212
0
SA 353 9% Ni steel double 0.13 0.98 0.13-0.45 - 8.4-9.6 -195 C and Lateral
normalized and expansion specified
tempered for
pressure vessel Cl.1 / Cl.2
SA 387 Gr-2 Pressure vessels 0.21 0.50-0.88 0.13-0.45 0.40-0.65 - 0.46-0.85 - 55-80 / 70-90 Cromotherme
12 plates, alloy steel, 0.17 0.35-0.73 0.13-0.45 0.40-0.65 - 0.74-1.21 - 55-80 / 65-85 Cromotherme-1
11 Cr-Mo 0.17 0.35-0.73 0.44-0.86 0.40-0.70 - 0.94-1.56 - 60-85 / 75-100 Cromotherme-1
22 0.15* 0.25-0.66 0.50 0.85-1.15 - 1.88-2.62 - 60-85 / 75-100 Cromotherme-2
21 0.15* 0.25-0.66 0.50 0.85-1.15 - 2.63-3.37 - 60-85 / 75-100 Cromotherme-2
5 0.15 0.25-0.66 0.55 0.40-0.70 - 4.00-6.00 - 60-85 / 75-100 Cromotherme-5

*Indicates variation with thickness

STEEL TYPE TYPICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OTHERS UTS ksi RECOMMENDED
SPEC. C Mn Si Mo Ni Cr ELECTRODE

SA 515 Gr 55 C-steel plates for 0.20* 0.98 0.13-0.45 - - - - 55-75

60 pressure vessels for 0.24* 0.98 0.13-0.45 - - - - 60-80
65 intermediate and higher 0.28* 0.98 0.13-0.45 - - - - 65-85 Supratherme
70 temperature service 0.31* 1.30 0.13-0.45 - - - - 70-90
SA 516 Gr 55 C-steel plates for 0.18* 0.54-0.98* 0.13-0.45 - - - - 55-75
60 pressure vessels for 0.21* 0.54-0.98* 0.13-0.45 - - - - 60-80
65 moderate and lower 0.24* 0.79-1.30* 0.13-0.45 - - - - 65-85 Supratherme(Spl)
70 temperature service 0.27* 0.79-1.30* 0.13-0.45 - - - - 70-90
SA 517 Gr A High strength alloy 0.13-0.23 0.74-1.20 0.34-0.86 0.15-0.31 - 0.46-0.84 Zr: 0.04-0.16
B steel plates, 0.13-0.23 0.64-1.10 0.13-0.37 0.12-0.28 - 0.36-0.69 V: 0.02-0.09;Ti:0.01-0.04
D quenched and 0.11-0.22 0.35-0.78 0.08-0.45 0.12-0.28 - 0.79-1.26 Ti:0.03-0.11
E tempered for pressure 0.10-0.22 0.35-0.78 0.08-0.45 0.36-0.64 - 1.34-2.06 Ti:0.03-0.11 115-135* Ultratensal-MH
F vessels 0.08-0.22 0.55-1.10 0.13-0.37 0.36-0.64 0.67-1.03 0.36-0.69 V: 0.02-0.09,Cu:0.12-0.53
J 0.10-0.23 0.40-0.78 0.18-0.37 0.46-0.69 - - -
P 0.10-0.23 0.40-0.78 0.18-0.37 0.41-0.64 1.15-1.55 0.79-1.26 -
SA 533 Gr A Mn-Mo and 0.25 1.07-1.62 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 - - - C1 C2 C3
B Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel 0.25 1.07-1.62 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 0.37- 0.73 - - 80 90 100 Class 1: Nimotherme-1
C plates Q&T for 0.25 1.07-1.62 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 0.67-1.03 - - to to to Class 2 : Tensal
D pressure vessels 0.25 1.07-1.62 0.13-0.45 0.41-0.64 0.17-0.43 - - 100 115 125 Class 3 : Ultratherme-H
SA 537 Cl 1 C-Mn-Si steel plates, 0.24 0.61-1.46* 0.13-0.55 - - - - 70-90 Supratherme(Spl)
2 heat treated for 0.24 0.61-1.46* 0.13-0.55 - - - - 80-100 Supratherme-Ni(Spl)
pressure vessels - CVN Impact strength
SA 553 Gr I 8 &9% Ni alloy steel 0.13 0.98 0.13-0.45 - 8.4-9.6 - at -195 oC for type I
II plates Q&T for pressure 0.13 0.98 0.13-0.45 - 7.4-8.6 and- 170 oC for type II and 100-120 D&H 1212
vessels lateral expn. specified
SA 612 Pressure vessels plates 0.29* 0.92-1.46* 0.13-0.45* - - - - 83-105* Tensal / Ultratherme-H
C- steel, high strength,
for moderate and lower - CVN Impact strength 95-115 D&H 1212
o
temperature service - at -170 C and lateral expn.
SA 645 5% Ni alloy steel plate 0.15 0.25-0.66 0.18-0.45 0.17-0.38 4.65-5.35 Specified
specially heat treated
for pressure vessels

*Indicates variation with thickness

 SOME COMMON AISI
STAINLESS STEELS

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (%)

AISI C Mn Si Cr Ni Other Recommended
Type No. Elements Electrode

201 0.15 5.5/7.5 1.0 16/18 3.5/5.5 N: 0.25 Max. Rutox-A

202 0.15 7.5/10.0 1.0 17/19 4/6 N: 0.25 Max. Rutox-A
301 0.15 2.0 1.0 16/18 8/10 - Rutox-A
302 0.15 2.0 1.0 17/19 8/10 - Rutox-A
302B 0.15 2.0 2/3 17/19 8/10 - Rutox-A
304 0.08 2.0 1.0 18/20 8/12 - Rutox-A
304 L 0.03 2.0 1.0 18/20 8/12 - Rutox-B
305 0.12 2.0 1.0 17/19 10/13 - Rutox-A
308 0.08 2.0 1.0 19/21 10/12 - Rutox-A
310 0.25 2.0 1.5 24/26 19/22 - D&H 310-16
310S 0.08 2.0 1.5 24/26 19/22 - D&H 310-16
316 0.08 2.0 1.0 16/18 10/14 Mo:2.0/3.0 Rutox-Mo
316L 0.03 2.0 1.0 16/18 10/14 Mo :2.0/3.0 Rutox-D
317 0.08 2.0 1.0 18/20 11/15 Mo: 3/4 Rutox-Mo(Extra)

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (%)

AISI C Mn Si Cr Ni Other Recommended
Type No. Elements Electrode

317L 0.03 2.0 1.0 18/20 11/15 Mo: 3/4 Rutox-E

321 0.08 2.0 1.0 17/19 9/12 Ti : 5xC Min Rutox-A (St)
347 0.08 2.0 1.0 17/19 9/13 (Cb+Ta) : Rutox-A (St)
10XC Min
348 0.08 2.0 1.0 17/19 9/13 (Cb+Ta) : Rutox-A(St)
10xC Min
403 0.15 1.0 0.5 11.5/13 - - D&H-410/
D&H-13Cr
405 0.08 1.0 1.0 11.5/14.5 - Al: 0.10/0.30 D&H-410/
D&H-13Cr
410 0.15 1.0 1.0 11.5/13.5 - - D&H-410/
D&H-13Cr
414 0.15 1.0 1.0 11.5/13.5 1.25/2.50 - D&H-410/
D&H-13Cr
420 0.15 1.0 1.0 12/14 - - D&H-410/
D&H-13Cr
431 0.20 1.0 1.0 15/17 1.25/2.50 - D&H-430/
D&H-17 Cr
501 0.10 1.0 1.0 4/6 - Mo:0.40/0.65 Cromotherme-5
502 0.10 1.0 1.0 4/6 - Mo:0.40/0.65 Cromotherme-5
430 0.12 1.0 1.0 14/18 - - D&H-430/
D&H-17Cr

Note: Depending on application, the electrodes recommended can vary.

 STANDARD CASTING
SPECIFICATIONS

DESIGNATION GRADE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%) ELECTRODE

C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Others
A217 WC1 0.25 05-0.8 0.6 - - 0.45-0.65 - Molytherme
Martensitic WC4 0.20 05-0.8 0.6 0.7-1.1 0.5-0.8 0.45-0.65 - CNM
stainless steel WC5 0.20 0.4-0.7 0.6 0.6-1.0 0.5-0.9 0.9-1.2 - CNM
& alloy casting WC6 0.20 0.5-0.8 0.6 - 1.0-1.5 0.45-0.65 - Cromotherme-1
for pressure WC9 0.18 0.4-0.7 0.6 - 2.0-2.75 0.90-1.20 - Cromotherme-2
containing C5 0.20 0.4-0.7 0.75 - 4.0-6.5 0.45-0.65 - Cromotherme-5
parts suitable C12 0.20 0.35-0.65 1.0 - 8.0-10.0 0.9-1.20 - Cromotherme-9
for HT service C15 0.15 1.0 1.50 - 11.5-14.0 0.5 - D&H 13Cr/D&H410
A743 CF 8 0.08 1.5 2.0 8.0-11.0 18.0-21.0 - - Rutox-A
Corrosion CG-12 0.12 1.5 2.0 10.0-13.0 20.0-23.0 - - Cronith-25/12
resistant CF-20 0.20 1.5 2.0 8.0-11.0 18.0-21.0 - - Rutox-A
Fe-Cr,Fe-Cr-Ni CF-8M 0.08 1.5 2.0 9.0-12.0 18.0-21.0 2.0-3.0 - Rutox-Mo
& Ni base alloy CF-8C 0.08 1.5 2.0 9.0-12.0 18.0-21.0 - Cb stabilised Rutox-A(St)
Casting for CH-20 0.20 1.5 2.0 12.0-15.0 22.0-26.0 - - Cronith-25/12
general CK-20 0.20 2.0 2.0 19.0-22.0 23.0-27.0 - - D&H310-16
application CE30 0.03 1.5 2.0 8.0-11.0 26.0-30.0 - - D&H888
CA 15M 0.15 1.0 0.65 1.0 11.5-14.0 0.15-1.0 - D&H13Cr
CF-3 0.03 1.5 2.0 8.0-12.0 17.0-21.0 - - Rutox-B

DESIGNATION GRADE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%) ELECTRODE

C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Others
CF-3M 0.03 1.5 1.5 9.0-13.0 17.0-21.0 2.0-3.0 - Rutox-D
CG-8M 0.08 1.5 1.5 9.0-13.0 18.0-21.0 3.0-4.0 - Rutox-E
CN-7M 0.07 1.5 1.5 29.5-30.5 19.0-22.0 2.0-3.0 Cu:3.0-4.0 D&H 150L
CA6NM 0.06 1.0 1.0 3.5-4.5 11.5-14.0 0.4-1.0 - D&H 444L
A297 HF 0.20-0.40 2.0 2.0 8.0-12.0 18.0-23.0 0.5 - Rutox-A
Heat resistant HH 0.20-0.50 2.0 2.0 11.0-14.0 24.0-28.0 0.5 - Cromitherme25/12
Fe-Cr&Fe-Cr- HK 0.20-0.60 2.0 2.0 18.0-22.0 24.0-28.0 0.5 - D&H310HC
Ni alloy HE 0.20-0.50 2.0 2.0 8.0-11.0 26.0-30.0 0.5 - D&H888
castings for HT 0.35-0.75 2.0 2.5 33.0-37.0 13.0-17.0 0.5 - D&H330C
general HX 0.35-0.75 2.0 2.5 64.0-68.0 15.0-19.0 0.5 - D&H1212
applications
A 352
Ferric steel LCA 0.25 0.7 0.6 - - - - Supratherme(Spl)
castings for LCB 0.30 1.0 0.6 - - - - -do-
pressure LCC 0.25 1.2 0.6 - - - - -do-
containing LC2 0.25 0.5-0.8 0.6 2.0-3.0 - - - Nitherme-2.5
Parts LC3 0.15 0.5-0.8 0.6 3.0-4.0 - - - Nitherme-3.5

Note: Depending on application, the electrodes recommended can vary.

 THE IS -CLASSIFICATION
(IS 814-2004)

Type of covering Strength Characteristics

A - Acid UTS YS
2 2
B - Basic (N/mm ) (N/mm )
C - Cellulosic 4-410-510 330
R - Rutile 5-510-610 400
RR - Rutile, Heavy
Indicates coated
Covered SB - Semi Basic
Electrode

X - indicates
E X X X X X X X X rediographic quality

% Elongation & Impact Strength Welding Position Current conditions

1. All positions. Digit DC AC
Digit % Elongation Impact Strength 0 (+) Not
2. A l l p o s i t i o n s
Min Joules at 0C, Min recomm.
2 except vertical
For Tensile 410-510 N/mm 1 +/- 50
0 16 Not Required down.
2 - 50
1 20 47 at + 27 3. Flat butt weld,
flat fillet & 3 + 50
2 22 47 at + 0 4 +/- 70
3 24 47 at - 20 horizontal/
vertical fillet. 5 - 70
4 24 27 at - 30 6 + 70
For Tensile 510-610 N/mm 2 4. Flat butt & fillet.
7 +/- 90
0 16 Not Required 5. Vertical down, 8 - 90
1 18 47 at + 27 flat fillet, butt, 9 + 90
2 18 47 at + 0 horizontal &
3 20 47 at - 20 vertical fillet.
4 20 27 at - 30 6. Any others.
5 20 27 at - 40
6 20 27 at - 46
Diffusible Hydrogen Metal Recovery
H1 = up to 15 ml Indicated
H2 = up to 10 ml by J,K,L
H3 = up to 5 ml
 AWS CLASSIFICATION SFA 5.1 A FOUR
OR A FIVE DIGIT CODING

E X X X X X
X X X X

INDICATES THE INDICATES WELDING INDICATES THE

MINIMUM UTS OF POSITION TYPE OF
THE UNDILUTED COATING AND
WELDMETAL IN ksi CURRENT
CAN BE 60,70,80, CONDITION
90,100,110 ETC.

AWS TYPE OF COVERING WELDING TYPE OF CURRENT

CLASSIFICATION POSITION

E6010 High cellulose sodium F,V,OH,H DC(+)

E6011 High cellulose potassium F,V,OH,H AC/DC(+)
E6012 High titania sodium F,V,OH,H AC/DC(-)
E6013 High titania potassium F,V,OH,H AC/DC(+)/DC(-)
E6019 Iron oxide titania potassium F,V,OH,H AC/DC(+)/DC(-)
E6020 High Iron oxide H-fillets AC/DC(-)
F AC/DC(+)/DC(-)
E6022 High Iron oxide F,H AC/DC(-)
E6027 High Iron oxide, Iron powder H-fillets AC/DC(-)
F AC/DC(+)/DC(-)
E7014 Iron powder, titania F,V,OH,H AC/DC(+)/DC(-)
E7015 Low hydrogen sodium F,V,OH,H DC(+)
E7016 Low hydrogen potassium F,V,OH,H AC/DC(+)
E7018 Low hydrogen potassium F,V,OH,H AC/DC(+)
iron powder
E7018M Low hydrogen iron powder F,V,OH,H DC(+)
E7024 Iron powder titania H-fillets, F AC, DC(+)/DC(-)
E7027 High iron oxide, iron powder H-fillets AC, DC(-)
F AC, DC(+)/DC(-)

E7028 Low hydrogen potassium Iron powder H-fillets, F AC, DC(+)

E7048 Low hydrogen potassium F,OH,H AC, DC(+)
iron powder V-down
 CONVERSION TABLE HA RDNESS CONVERSION TABLE
PROPERTY TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY Rockwell Vickers Brinell Rockwell Vickers Brinell

B-100 kg. Load

B-100 kg. Load

C-150 kg. load
C-150 kg.Load
2
Area dimension in² mm² 6.451 600 x 10

Carbide Ball

Carbide Ball
mm² in² 1.550 033 x 10-3

1/16" Ball

1/16" Ball
Steel Ball

Steel Ball
Tungsten

Tungsten
1.550 033 x 10-3

Diamond

Diamond

Diamond

Diamond
Current density A/in² A/mm²

Pyramid

Pyramid
A/mm² A/in² 6.451 600 x 102
Deposition rate lb/h kg/h 0.45*
kg/h lb/h 2.2*
Flow rate ft³/h Litre/minute 4.719 475 x 10-1 65 - 852 774 - 19 98.1 235 226 220
gallon/hour litre/minute 6.309 020 x 10-2 63 - 793 732 - 17 96.9 227 218 210
gallon/minute litre/minute 3.785 412 61 - 740 693 - 15 95.5 219 210 201
cm3/min litre/minute 1.000 000 x 10-3 59 - 694 657 - 13 94.1 211 202 193
litre/minute ft3/h 2.118 880 57 - 650 621 - 11 92.6 203 195 186
cm³/min ft³/h 2.118 880 x 10-3 55 - 611 588 - 9 91.2 196 187 180
Heat input J/in J/m 3.937 008 x 10 53 - 573 554 - 7 89.7 189 180 174
J/m J/in 2.540 000 x 10–2 51 - 539 523 500 5 88.3 183 174 168
Linear measurement in mm 2.540 000 x 10 49 - 508 494 476 3 87.0 177 169 162
Ft mm 3.048 000 x 102 47 - 479 465 453 1 85.5 171 163 158
mm in 3.937 008 x 10-2 45 - 452 440 430 - 83.2 162 153 150
mm ft 3.280 840 x 10-3 43 - 428 415 408 - 80.5 153 144 140
Tensile strength psi Pa 6.894 757 x 10-3 41 - 406 394 387 - 77.5 143 134 131
lb/ft2 Pa 4.788 026 x 10
39 - 386 375 367 - 74.0 135 126 122
N/mm2 Pa 1.000 000 x 106
37 - 367 356 347 - 70.0 125 116 113
Pa psi 1.450 377 x 10-4
Pa lb/ft2 2.088 543 x 10-2 35 - 348 337 327 - 66.0 116 107 104
Pa N/mm2 1.000 000 x 10-6 33 - 330 319 309 - 61.0 108 100 96
Travel speed, in/min mm/s 4.233 333 x 10–1 31 - 312 302 294 - 55.0 99 91 87
Wire feed speed mm/s in/min 2.362 205 29 - 296 286 279 - 47.0 91 83 79
Energy J ft.lb.f 0.737 27 - 281 271 265 - 39.0 84 76 72
J kgf.m 0.102 25 - 267 258 253 - 30.0 76 67 64
23 - 255 246 241 - 20.0 69 61 57
* Approximate conversion 21 99.5 245 236 230 - 05.0 62 54 50
 CONVERSION TABLE TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
FOR CORROSION DATA
0
C=5/9( 0F-32) and 0F =(9/5) 0C+32
Corrosion Conversion Factors To use the tables below, enter the central column with the number to be converted.
data Units g/m 2h mm/year mils/year If converting Fahrenheit degrees, read the Celsius equivalent in column headed
“ 0C” to the left. If converting Celsius degrees, read the Fahrenheit equivalent in the
g/m 2h 1.0 8.64/d 340/d column headed " 0F” to the right.
g/m 2/24h 0.042 0.360/d 14.2/d
g/dm 2/24h 4.17 36.0/d 1420.0/d 0
C 0
F
mg/dm 2/24h 0.004 0.036/d 1.42/d -196 -320
mg/cm 2/24h 0.417 3.60/d 142/d -168 -270 -454
lbs/ft 2/24h 203 1760/d 69200/d -140 -220 -364
lbs/ft 2/year 0.564 4.88/d 192/d -112 -170 -274
mm/year 0.116xd 1.0 39.4 -84 -120 -184
mm/month 1.39xd 12.0 473.0 -57 -70 -94
um/48h 0.021xd 0.180 7.18 -40 -40 -40
in/year 2.95xd 25.4 1000.0 -17.8 0 32.0
in/month 34.8xd 305 12000.0 -12.2 10 50.0
mils/year 0.003xd 0.025 1.0 -6.7 20 68.0
mils/month 0.035xd 0.305 12.0 -1.1 30 86.0
4.4 40 104.0
Where d = metal density 10 50 122.0
18/8 steel = 7.9 gms/cc 15.6 60 140.0
21.1 70 158.0
Titanium = 4.5 gms/cc 28.9 84 183.2
Aluminium = 2.7 gms/cc 34.4 94 201.2
mils = inch x 10 -3 49.0 120 248.0
77.0 170 338.0
100.0 212 414.0
0 0 0 0
C F C F
127.7 260 500 899 1650 3002
154.0 310 590 927 1700 3092
182.0 360 680 954 1750 3182
221 430 806 982 1800 3272
249 480 896 1010 1850 3362
277 530 986 1038 1900 3452
304 580 1076 1066 1950 3542
332 630 1166 1093 2000 3632
360 680 1256 1121 2050 3722
388 730 1346 1149 2100 3812
416 780 1436 1177 2150 3902
454 850 1562 1204 2200 3992
482 900 1652 1232 2250 4082
510 950 1742 1260 2300 4172
538 1000 1832 1288 2350 4262
566 1050 1922 1316 2400 4352
593 1100 2012 1343 2450 4442
621 1150 2102 1371 2500 4532
649 1200 2192 1399 2550 4622
677 1250 2282 1427 2600 4712
704 1300 2372 1454 2650 4802
732 1350 2462 1482 2700 4892
738 1360 2480 1510 2750 4982
760 1400 2552 1538 2800 5072
788 1450 2642 1566 2850 5162
816 1500 2732 1593 2900 5252
843 1550 2822 1621 2950 5342
871 1600 2912 1649 3000 5432
 STANDARD REBAKING PROCEDURE CAUSES AND REMEDIES FOR FUSION
FOR LOW HYDROGEN ELECTRODES WELD DISCONTINUITIES
i) Rebake the electrodes at 250-300 0C for one hour.
CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION
ii) Cool them in the same oven to 100 0C.
0
iii) Transfer them to a holding oven maintained at 60-70 C. A. POROSITY
iv) Draw from this oven for use. 1. Contamination of work piece - Clean joint area
v) Do not keep rutile type electrodes in the same oven. 2. Excessive moisture pickup in - Store electrodes properly
electrode covering - Follow manufactures recommended
REPAIR WELDING OF CAST IRONS rebaking procedure
- Grind the area to be welded so that the casting skin is removed. 3. Moisture on work surfaces - Use preheating/warm up work piece.
- Clean the area free of all contaminates by degreasing, burning, brushing, 4. High Sulphur content - Use basic coated base metal electrodes
grinding, etc. 5. a) Long arc length - Change welding parameters and
- If a crack has to be repaired drill crack arrester holes at the end of the cracks. b) Excessive current technique
c) Higher travel speed
Remove the crack completely by gouging, grinding, etc. and ensure complete
6. High solidification rate - Use preheat
removal by a dye penetrant test.
- Increase heat input
- Deposit the welds in small lengths of 50 mm at a time. B INCLUSIONS
- Peen the welds. 1. Improper cleaning procedure - Clean work surfaces and each weld run
- After welding allow the casting to cool slowly. thoroughly. Wherever necessary use
power wire brush, grinders, chisels to
- These are the general steps in cast iron welding. However, the procedures may
ensure a thorough removal of slag
have to be modified depending on the job. For complete welding procedure
2. Improper welding technique
details contact our technical service personnel.
a) Excessive weaving - Improve welding technique
b) High travel speed - Reposition work to prevent loss of
slag control wherever possible
c) Slag flooding ahead of - Restrict weaving to a minimum
welding arc
3. Narrow, inaccessible joints - Increase groove angle
 CAUSES AND REMEDIES FOR FUSION CAUSES AND REMEDIES FOR FUSION
WELD DISCONTINUTIES WELD DISCONTIUTIES

CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION

C INCOMPLETE FUSION E. CRACKS

1. Improper joint design - Increase included angle of groove joint 1. High rigidity of joint - Use preheating
- Change the groove design - Relieve residual stresses
to a 'J' or - Minimise shrinkage stresses, using back step
a 'U' type or block welding sequences
2. Presence of slag or oxide film - Clean weld surfaces prior to welding 2. Poor joint fit up - Adjust root opening all alignment
3. Incorrect electrode position - Maintain proper electrode position and 3. higher carbon content of weld - Use proper electrode
and operating current current metal and/or hardenable - Use buttering layers wherever necessary
4. Improper manipulation of arc - Use correct manipulation techniques to base material
melt the joint faces properly 4. Too small a weld bead - Decrease travel speed to increase
cross section of bead
D INADEQUATE PENETRATION - Increase electrode size
1. Improper joint preparation 5. High sulphur content in base - Use filler with high level of sulphur fixing
a) Excessively thick root face Use proper joint geometry or weld metal element like Mn
b) Insufficient root opening Reduce root face height 6. Hot cracking - Reduce the heat input.
c) Bridging of root opening Use wider root opening - Minimum joint restraints
2. Electrode diameter too large - Use smaller electrode in root 7. Cracking at the crater - Filling up the crater before withdrawing
- Increase root opening the electrode
3. Inadequate current - Follow correct welding current and - use taper power control device
technique - use back step welding technique
8. Higher hardenability - preheat the job
- Post weld heat treatment without
cooling to room temperature
 CAUSES AND REMEDIES FOR FUSION WEIGHT OF WELD METAL (STEEL) IN
WELD DISCONTINUTIES VARIOUS JOINTS
(Based on Data AWS Welding Handbook)
CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION

9. Hydrogen Induced - Use low hydrogen welding electrode Single U groove Butt Joint
cracking/Delayed cracking - Use suitable preheat and post weld 26
heat treatment.
24
10. Presence of brittle phases in the - Soften the material before welding
22 T
micro structure of the
base material 20
11. Low ductility of the base material - Use preheat 18
- Anneal the base metal 3 mm
16

Wgt. Kg/m
- Use ductile weld metal 14
12. High residual stresses - Redesign the weld metal and reduce
12
restraints.
10
- Change welding sequence
- Use intermediate stress- relief heat 8
treatment 6
13. Excessive dilution - Change welding current 4
- Use buttering technique wherever 2
possible
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
T thk mm
 WEIGHT OF WELD METAL (STEEL) WEIGHT OF WELD METAL (STEEL)
IN VARIOUS JOINTS IN VARIOUS JOINTS
(Based on Data AWS Welding Handbook) (Based on Data AWS Welding Handbook)

Double V groove joint

Single V groove Butt joint
600
17 60
0

16 4.75 T
15
4.35
14
13 3.95 S 3 mm T>8
12 3mm 2 mm T>
_8
3.55
11
3.15

Wgt. Kg/m
Wgt. Kg/m

10
9 2.75
8 2.35
7
1.95
6
5 1.55
4 1.15
3
0.75
2
1 0.35

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
T thk mm T thk mm
 WEIGHT OF WELD METAL (STEEL) WEIGHT OF WELD METAL (STEEL)
IN VARIOUS JOINTS IN VARIOUS JOINTS
(Based on Data AWS Welding Handbook) (Based on Data AWS Welding Handbook)

Single bevel groove joint

Fillet welds
2.50 3.15
2.30 450 2.95
2.75
2.10
2.55
1.90 3mm 2.35
1.70 2.15
1.50 1.95
Wgt. Kg/m

Wgt. Kg/m
1.30 1.75
1.55
110
1.35
0.90
1.15
0.70 0.95
0.50 0.75
0.30 0.55
0.10 0.35
0.15
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
T thk mm 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Weld size mm T
 4. Preheating
3. Heat Input :
2. % Delta Ferrite :

Where
1. Carbon Equivalent :

I
V

CE = CC + Ct
Vs

6
C t = C C x 0.005 x t mm
V s x 1000
H (KJ/mm) : V x l x 60
% F : 3[Cr eq - 0.93 Ni eq - 6.7]

= Current
= Voltage

15

Preheat temperature 0C : 350

C E-0.25
USEFUL FORMULAE

= Welding speed in mm/min.

5
C E : C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo +V)/5 + (Ni + Cu) /15

C C = C + Mn + Ni + Cu + Cr + Mo + V

A- NUMBER CLASSIFICATION OF FERROUS WELD METAL

ANALYSIS FOR PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

A No. Type of weld Deposit Weight %

C Cr Mo Ni Mn Si
1. Mild steel 0.15 - - - 1.60 1.00
2. C-Mo 0.15 0.50 0.40/0.65 - 1.60 1.00
3. Cr (0.4-2%)-Mo 0.15 0.40/2.00 0.40/0.65 - 1.60 1.00
4. Cr(2%-6%)-Mo 0.15 2.00/6.00 0.40/1.5 - 1.6 2.00
5. Cr(6%-10.5%)-Mo 0.15 6/10.50 0.40/1.5 - 1.20 2.00
6. Chrome-Martensitic 0.15 11.00/15.00 0.70 - 2.00 1.00
7. Chrome-Ferritic 0.15 11.00/30.00 1.00 - 1.00 3.00
8. Cr-Ni 0.15 14.5/30.00 4.00 7.5/15.00 2.5 1.00
9. Cr-Ni 0.30 25.00/30.00 4.00 15/37.00 2.5 1.00
10. Nickel (0.8 to 4%) 0.15 - 0.55 0.8/4.00 1.7 1.00
11. Mn-Mo 0.17 - 0.25/0.75 0.85 1.25/2.25 1.00
12. Ni-Cr-Mo 0.15 1.5 0.25/0.8 1.25/2.8 1.75/2.25 1.00

: Single values shown above are maximum.

F- NUMBERS (STEEL AND STEEL ALLOYS)

40
E
RRIT
E
RIT
ITE

36
FER

% FE
F.No. ASME SPC./No. AWS CLASSIFICATION No.

RR
ITE

CHROMIUM EQUIVALENT = %Cr + %Mo + %Si x 1.5 + %Cb x 0.5

FE

100

FERRITE
RR

80
%
E
E

IT

40
E

32
IT

F
RR
1 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX 20, EXX 24,EXX 27, EXX 28 RR

%
FE

20
F E
2 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX 12, EXX 13,EXX 14,

%
E
5% RRIT

10

28
3 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX 10, EXX 11 FE
NO

A+F
SCHAEFFLER DIAGRAM
4 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX 15, EXX 16,EXX 18, EXX 48

24
4 SFA-5.4 (Other EXXX 15, EXXX 16

A+M+F
than Austenitic)

20
5 SFA-5.4 (Aust.) EXXX 15, EXXX 16

AUSTENITE
6 SFA-5.2 RX

16
6 SFA-5.17 FXX- EXX

F+M
6 SFA-5.9 ERXX

12
6 SFA-5.18 ERXXS-X

A+M
6 SFA-5.20 EXXT-X

8
6 SFA-5.22 EXXT-X

MARTENSITE
6 SFA-5.23 FXX- EXXX-X

4
FXX- ECXXX-X
FXX- EXXX-XN& F+M

0
FXX-ECXXX-XN

32

28

24

20

19

12

4
6 SFA-5.28 ER-XXX-X&EXXX-X NICKEL EQUIVALENT = %Ni + 30% C + 0.5% Mn
6 SFA-5.29 EXXTX-X
 WRC - 1992 DIAGRAM

18 20 22 24 26 28 30
18 18

0 4 8
2 6 12 6
16 10 1 0 16
A 14 2 4
8
1 2 2 28
2
AF 26 35
14 30 45 14
40 55
50 65
60 75
70
12 FA 0 85 12
8
0 95
9
0
10

Nieq = Ni + 35 C + 20 N + 0.25 Cu
F
10 10

18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Creq = Cr + Mo + 0.7 Nb
 PRODUCT SELECTION CHART
SMAW GTAW FCAW
Letter Composition
Brand AWS Class Brand AWS Class Brand AWS Class

A C-Steel Supratherme/ E7018 F 70S-2 ER70S-2 Maxfil 31B E70T-5

Supratherme (Mod)

B C-Mo Molytherme E7018-A1 Autotherme C-Mo ER70S-A1 Maxfil 70A1 E70T5-A1

Molytherme (Mod) F C-Mo
C 1.25Cr-Mo Cromotherme-1 E8018-B2 Autotherme Cr-Mo 1 ER80S-B2 Maxfil 81R E81T1-B2
Cromotherme-1 (Mod) F Cr-Mo 1
Cromotherme-1 (Spl)
Cromotherme-1L E7018-B2L
Cromotherme-1L (Mod)

D 2.25Cr-Mo Cromotherme-2 E9018-B3 Autotherme Cr-Mo 2 ER90S-B3 Maxfil 41R E91T1-B3

Cromotherme-2 (Mod) F Cr-Mo 2
Cromotherme-2 (Spl)
Cromotherme-2L E8018-B3L
Cromotherme-2L (Mod)

E 5Cr-Mo Cromotherme-5 E8018-B6 or Autotherme Cr-Mo 5 ER80S-B6 or Maxfil 56 E80T5-B6

Cromotherme-5 (Mod) E502-15 F Cr-Mo 5 ER502
Cromotherme-5 (Spl)
Cromotherme-5L E8018-B6L
Cromotherme-5L (Mod)

F 7Cr-Mo Cromotherme-7 E8018-B7 or - - - -

E7Cr-15
Cromotherme-7L E8018-B7L

G 9Cr-Mo Cromotherme-9 E8018-B8 or - - - -

E505-15
Cromotherme-9L E8018-B8L

H 9Cr-Mo-V Cromotherme-9 (Mod) E9018-B9 F Cr-Mo 91 ER90S-B9 - -

I Ni-Cr-Fe D&H 1200T ENiCrFe-2 FW NiCr-3 ERNiCr-3 - -

Cronitherme 25/12 E309-16 FW 309 ER309
D&H 309Mo E309Mo-16 (For non cyclic
(For non cyclic thermal thermal service)
service)

SUGGESTED CONSUMABLES FOR VARIOUS

BASE METAL COMBINATIONS
BASE METALS C. S. C-Mo 1.25 Cr-Mo 2 & 2.25 Cr-Mo 3 & 5 Cr-Mo 7 Cr-Mo 9 Cr-Mo 9 Cr-Mo-V 3XX-SS

C. Steel A A A A A A A A I

C-Mo A B B B B B B B I

1.25 Cr-Mo A B C C C C C C I

2 & 2.25 Cr-Mo A B C D D D D D I

3 & 5 Cr-Mo A B C D E E E E I

7 Cr-Mo A B C D E F F F I

9 Cr-Mo A B C D E F G G I

9 Cr-Mo-V A B C D E F G H I

3XX-SS I I I I I I I I -

NOTE : Please see the A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, & I details are as above.

 SUMMARY OF CORROSION TEST AS PER ASTM A262-02a
(Including changes made in the year 2004-2005)
Practice A B C E F

Medium Oxalic Acid Ferric Sulphate Sulphuric 65% Nitric Acid in boiling
Copper-copper Sulphate Copper-copper Sulphate Acid in boiling condition
condition 16% sulfuric Acid 50% Sulfuric Acid in
boiling condition

Duration Rapid Method 120 Hours Test 240 Hours Test 15

Hours Test 120 Hours Test

Evaluation by Etched surface is examined Weight loss inches per month Weight loss inches per month Bend
test. The test specimen Weight loss inches per on metallurgical microscope 287 X W
0
287 X W shall be bent through 180 month
at 250 X to 500 X. This test is = --------------- = --------------- and over a
diameter equal to 287 X W
used for acceptance of Axtxd A x t x d the thickness of the
specimen = ---------------
material. being bent. The bent specimen
Axtxd
shall be examined under low
(20X) magnification. The
appearance of fissures or
cracks indicates the presence of
inter granular attack.

Suitable for AISI: 201, 202, 301, 304, Detects Detects Detects
Detects
304L, 304H, 316, 316L, Intergranular attack associated Chromium carbide in 304,
Chromium carbide in 201, 202, Chromium carbide in
316H, 317, 317L, 321, 347 with chromium carbide 304L, CF-8 and chromium 301,

3
Note: t = time or exposure hours. W = weight loss in 'g' Density for Cr Ni steels = 7.9 g/cm
2 3 3
A = Area cm d = density g/cm Density for Cr-Ni-Mo = 8 g/cm
 BRAND APPROVAL FROM
VARIOUS AGENCIES
LRS Exobel, Indotherme, Medio, Medio-S, Norma, P-4, Rapidex, Supratherme
Name of Agency Brand Name

EIL Cellutherme, Cromotherme-1, Cromotherme-1L,Cromotherme-2,

NPCIL Batox-B, Cromotherme-2, Cronitherme-25/12, D&H 309L, Exobel,
Cromotherme-5, Cronitherme-25/12, D&H 309L, D&H 309Mo,
F 70S2, FW 308L, FW 309L, Medio, Molytherme, Rutox-A, Rutox-A(St),
Indotherme, Medio, Molytherme, Norma, Rutox-A, Rutox-A(St), Rutox-B,
Rutox-B, Rutox-D, Rutox-E, Rutox-Mo, Supratherme, Supratherme-Ni,
Rutox-D, Rutox-E, Rutox-Mo, Rutox-Mo(St), Supratherme,
Supratherme(Spl)
Supratherme-Mod, Supratherme (Spl), Supratherme-Ni (Spl),

RD & SO Cronitherme-25/12, Econotherme, Ferrovite, Indotherme, LoTherme-

PDIL Batox-F(U), Batox-F(U)M, Cellutherme, Cromotherme-1, Cromotherme-2,
210R, LoTherme-352(R), LoTherme-468(Spl), LoTherme-801R,
Cronitherme-25/12, D&H 150L, D&H 309Mo, D&H 310-16, D&H 1200T,
LoTherme-802R, Medio, Medio-R, Molytherme-R, Norma, Rapidex,
D&H 1212, F 70S-2, Indotherme, Medio, Molytherme, Norma, Rutox-A,
Rutox-A, Supratherme, Supratherme-R, Unitherme
Rutox-A(St), Rutox-B, Rutox-C, Rutox-D, Rutox-F, Rutox-Mo,
Supratherme, Supratherme-Ni (Spl), Supratherme (Spl),
BIS Econotherme, Exobel, Indotherme, Medio, Medio-V, Norma, Norma-V, P-4,
Popular, Supratherme
Toyo Cellutherme, Cromotherme-1, Cromotherme-2, Cronitherme-25/12,
D&H 309L, D&H 1212, Exobel, FW308, FW308L, FW309, FW309L,
CIB-MP Autotherme-1, Cromotherme-1, Cromotherme-2, Cromotherme-9,
FW316, FW347, Medio, Medio-S, Molytherme, Norma, Rutox-A,
Cromotherme-9(Mod), Exobel, Indotherme, Medio, Medio-Cr-/Mo,
Rutox-A(St), Rutox-B, Rutox-D, Rutox-Mo, Supratherme,
Medio-2Cr-/Mo, Molytherme, Molytherme(Extra), Norma, Supratherme,
Supratherme-Ni, Supratherme(Spl)
Supratherme-Ni(Spl), Supratherme(Spl), Tensal

CIM - Ichapur Rutox-Mo, Rutox-Mo(St), Ultratherme

IRS Exobel, Medio, Supratherme

MDL Corotherme (Spl)

ABS Indotherme, Medio, Norma, Supratherme, Supratherme (Spl)

Stamicarbon & Batox-F(U)M

DNV Exobel, Indotherme, Medio, Norma, Supratherme
Snamprogetti

BV Cellutherme, F 70 S2, Indotherme, Medio, Norma, P-4,Supratherme,

Supratherme (Spl) H4R