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Module 3: Sampling and Reconstruction Lecture 25: Aliasing (Under Sampling)

This document discusses aliasing caused by under sampling a signal. It explains that if the sampling rate is lower than twice the bandwidth of the original signal, the different frequency components overlap in the sampled spectrum. This is called aliasing. It can cause the reconstructed signal to be different than the original. As an example, it describes the stroboscopic effect where a rotating line appears stationary or to rotate in the opposite direction depending on the strobe frequency relative to the rotation rate. However, aliasing is not always undesirable and can be used with modulation to allow transmission at certain frequencies.

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Prasad Kavthakar
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62 views2 pages

Module 3: Sampling and Reconstruction Lecture 25: Aliasing (Under Sampling)

This document discusses aliasing caused by under sampling a signal. It explains that if the sampling rate is lower than twice the bandwidth of the original signal, the different frequency components overlap in the sampled spectrum. This is called aliasing. It can cause the reconstructed signal to be different than the original. As an example, it describes the stroboscopic effect where a rotating line appears stationary or to rotate in the opposite direction depending on the strobe frequency relative to the rotation rate. However, aliasing is not always undesirable and can be used with modulation to allow transmission at certain frequencies.

Uploaded by

Prasad Kavthakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 3 : Sampling and Reconstruction

Lecture 25 : Aliasing (Under Sampling)

Objectives:

Scope of this lecture:

In the previous lecture we studied that a train of pulses which obey the Dirichelet's Conditions are generally  used for sampling a signal.
We learnt the conditions necessary for the reconstruction of the original signal. In this lecture we will study the concept of Aliasing the
problems associated with improper sampling frequency selections.

To study what happens when sampling rate is less than or equal to twice the bandwidth of the original signal which is also called
as the Aliasing effect of under sampling .

To understand stroboscopic effect .

Advantages of aliasing

 
ALIASING EFFECT OF UNDERSAMPLING

We have seen how by sampling a Band-limited signal at a rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, it is possible to
reconstruct the original signal. But what happens if the sampling rate is less than (or equal to) twice the bandwidth of the band-limited
signal?

The different translated versions of the original spectrum overlap in the spectrum of the sampled signal. This effect is called aliasing. If
we attempt to reconstruct the original signal using a low-pass filter, we might get a signal completely different from the original signal.
Lets take an example.

Flash File

Example:-

Let us now also look at very special example, consider a disc rotating with a single radial line marked on the disc. The flashing strobe
acts as a sampling system, since it illuminates the disc for extremely brief time intervals at a periodic rate. When the strobe frequency is
much higher then the rotational speed of the disc, the speed of rotation of the disc is perceived correctly. When the strobe frequency
becomes equal to the rotational frequency, the line appears to be at same position. When the strobe frequency becomes less than twice
the rotational frequency, the rotation appears to be at a lower frequency than is actually the case. Furthermore due to phase reversal,
the disc will appear rotating in the reverse direction .This phenomenon is known as stroboscopic effect.

Advantages of aliasing :

1.  Can be made to use ,i.e. carrier frequency for transmission & use Band Filter.

2.  We can use frequency of any multiple of


3.  Also in this case modulation by do not need pulses with average value zero.
 
Conclusion:

In this lecture you have learnt:

Original signal cannot be reconstructed from undersampled signal because higher frequencies are reflected into lower frequencies
in the Fourier transform of the undersampled signal .
Stroboscopic effect helps in understanding undersampling.
Aliasing is not always undesirable . It has some advantages also.

 
Congratulations, you have finished Lecture 25.

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