Matrix & Determinant

15. If A be a 2 x 3 matrix and AB a 2 x 5 matrix, find the 31. If A be a square matrix such that A2 = A + I, where J is
order of the matrix B. the identity matrix of the same order, find A5 .
16. If A be a (A)2x3 matrix and B a (B)5x3 matrix and C a 32. If A be a square matrix such that A 2 = A - I, where J is
(C)3x7 matrix, find 2015ABC. the identity matrix of the same order, find A".
l O
17 If A ( ), 33. If A (� �)and n EN, find A".
1 1
prove that
1 0 0
A2 + 2A +I2 = 0
34. Let A 2 1 01 .
[
3 2 1
18. If A [�) and B (2 3 4), AB and BA.
If U1 and U2 are column matrices such that

2 3
19. If A= ( ) find A2 A 3 and A 4 • AU1 [}d AU2 = D fmd U, + u,
4 1 ' ' '
20 Find a 2 x 2 matrix X such that
"S¥1\1f�?Btl;QtJ':-��SYMMEIERlC'Mltl:d)�if:"
(� �}x=(� :) 35. Express the matrix A ( ! !) as a sum of a symmet­
2 2
�
21 If A [ 1 2) , ric and a skew-symmetric matrices.
2 1
prove that A 2 - 4A -513 = 0. 36. Express the matrix B r� � :1
4 3 6
as a sum of a sym-

22. Find x, if (1 x l)[ � �)[�) = 0.

: metric and a skew-symmetric matrices.
15 3 2 X

G �}
. PBJffllfH-tiT
37. If A be a skew-symmetric matrix of odd order, find det
23. If A (; �) and B the value of a for
(A).
which A 2 = B is 38. If A be a skew-symmetric matrix of even order, find
(b) -1 det(A).
(a) 1
(c) 4 (d) No real values 39. If A = (a) be a square matrix of order n such that

24. If A (; :) and IA3 I = 125, the value of a is aiJ

{o: \. . , find det(A).
j
1: z=tJ.
(a) ±1 (b) ±2 (c) ±3 (d) ±5
25. If A and B be two square matrices of order 3 x 3 which
40. If A G :) be a square matrix of order 2, find
satisfy AB = A and BA = B, find (A+ B) 7 . det(A2 010 + 2A2009).
26. Let A ( � !) and B (: ; ) are two matrices such 41. If A be a square matrix such that A2 = A, find det(A).
42. If A be a square matrix of order 3 such that det(A) = 8,
that AB = BA and c =t 0, find the value of
a-d
. find det(3A).
3b c 43. If A be a square matrix of order n such that IAI = 2, find
27. If A be a square matrix of order 2 such that A2 = 0, find IAnl for n E r.
A(I + A)2009_ 44. Find the maximum value of the determinant
28. IfA be a square matrix and J be an identity matrix of the
cos2 0 sin 2 0j
same order such that A2 = I, (I - A)(J + A).
29. If A be a square matrix such that A2 = A, find (J + A)3 sin 2 0 cos2 �
-7A. 45. Let P and Q be two square matrices of order 3 such that
(0 5) 16 P3 = Q3 and P2Q = Q2P and P =t Q, find
30. If A= and f(x) = xn , findfiA).
L det(P2 + Q2).
0 0 n=O

2
 Matrix & Determinant

46. Expand the determinant 1 +a 1 'l

a b C 58. Prove that 1 1 +b 1
b C a. 1 1 1 +c
C a b .
1 1 l .
=abc (1+ +-+-)=abc+bc+ca+ab.
1 a a2 ·a b C
47. Evaluate: 1 b b 2 . 59. Prove that

1 C c2 (b+c) 2 a2 a2
b2 (c+a)2 b2 · =2abc(a+b+c)3.
1 a b+c
c2 c2 (a+b)2
AS. Evaluate: 1 b c+a.
1 C a+b (a+1)(a+2) (a+2) 1
sin a cos /3 cos (a+0) 60. Prove that (a+2)(a+3) (a+3) 1 = 2.
49. Evaluate: sin /3 cos /3 cos(/3+0) . (a+3)(a+4) (a+4) 1
sin r
cos y cos(y+0), b+c c+a a+b a b c
be a(b+c) 61. Prove that a+b b + c c +a =2 c a b .
50. Prove that the value of I ca b(a+c) is indepen- c+a a+b b+c b C a
dent ofa,b,c. ab c(a+b) 62. Solve the following system of equations:
51. Prove that 2x+3y = 4
a+b+2c a b 3x-2y = 5.
63. Solve the following system of equations:
b+c+2a b =2(a+b+c) .
3
C
x+3y = 4
C a c+a+2b 2x+6y = 10.
b+c a a 64. Solve the following system of equations:
2x+ 5y = 6
52. Prove that b c +a b =4abc. 6x+ 15y = 18.
C C a+b 65. Find the number of triplets of a, b and c or which the
system of equations
ax. by=2a-b
53. Prove that b2 c 2+a 2 b2 = 4a 2b 2c 2 . (c+ l)x+cy= 10-a+3b.
has infinitely many solutions.
c2 c2 a 2+b 2 66. Solve for x,y, z:
a a+b a+b+c x+y+z = l
54. Prove that 2a 3a +2b 4a+.3b+2c =a 3 . ax+by+cz = d
a2x + b2y + c2z = d
3a 6a+3b 10a+6b+3a 67. Solve for x,y,z:
1+a 2 b 2 2ab 2b 1 1 1 1
-+- -=-
55. Prove that 2ab 1 a +b 2 2
2a x y z 4
2b 2a 1 a 2 -b 2 2 1 3 9
- -+-=-
x y z 4
=(1 +a2 + b 2)3.
1 2 4
- -+-=1.
a 2+1 ab ac X y Z
56. Prove that ab b +1
2
be =(1 + a2 + b2 + c2).. 68. Find the equation ofthe parabolay=ax2+bx+c, which
ac cb c +1
2 passes through the points (2, 4), (-1, 1) and (-2, 5).
69. Find the value of k, foi: which the system of equations
xc, xc2 xc 3 2x+ky=5
57. Prove that YC1 YC2 YC3 = xyz (x y)(y z)(z x). 3x 4y=7
12 has a unique solution.
zcl zc2 zc3

3
 Matrix & Determinant

70. Find the value of,?., for which the system of equations 80. If a, /3 :;t 0 and.f{n) a"+ /3" and
3x+4y = 5 3 l+ j(l) I+f(2)
AX+ 8y 10 1+/(1) l+f(2) l+f(3) k(l a)2(1 /3)2( a /3f
give infinitely many solutions. 1 + f(2) 1 + /(3) 1+/(4)
71. If the.system of equations
find k.
x +2y 3z 1
( p+2)z 3
(2p+l)y+z 2
a
2
a
is inconsistent, find the value ofp.
72. If the system of equations 81. If F(x) X x2 x3
2x y+2z 2
1 1
= x-a x--a- x3 a3
e e e
x 2y + z 4 find the value ofF'(a).
x+2y+Az = 4 3 2
has no solutions, find ,?., 82. Let f(x) 6x2 2x3
4
X '

HlflOG�NEOttS EOU4'n1Nli 1 b b2
73. Solve the system of equations: findf'(b)
2x+ 3y = 0
4x+ 6y = 0.
74. Find the number of values oft for which the system of
equations sin 2 x log (sin x)
(a t)x+by+cz 0
bx+(c t) y+az 0 83. If f(x) n L(k) Il(k)
=

cx+ay+(b t) z=0 k=1 k=I

has non-trivial solution. 8 n
75. Find the value of A, if the system of equations 15 4
6x+5y+Az 0 ,r/2
f f(x)dx.
=

3x y+4z = 0 find the value of

0
x+2y 3z 0 =

has a unique solution. n(n + 1)

2012
76. If the system of equations x + ay = 0, y + az = 0 and 2
z+ax = 0 has infinite solutions, find a. 84. If L1 r 2r l 2013 n2
n(3n 1)
Jllfctl'te.:1:1t�. If..t.QlfI'i,r�"�"
•. b iitH:bfdfitl'l:
.. ...
,., 3r 2 2014
2
77. Prove that
a O C2 CZ+a2 find LL1 r
r=I
a b O a2 2 r 1 101 (2 1)
n

0 b C c2 3 1 n
85. If Dr = 3r l 102 ( ; )
78. Prove that
2 a +f3+y+S af3+yo 5 1 n
5r l 103 ( ; )
a+f3+y+S 2(a+/3)(y+S) a/3(y+o)+yo(a+/3)
2af3ro
0
af3+ro af3(r+o)+ro(a+/3 )
find the value of LD r
r=l
79. Prove that
1 cos( /3 d) cos(r d) .ijl)Ql.t,lif �f,
cos(a /3) cos(r /3) 0 86. IfA be a square matrix oforder n, find adj(A') - adj A)'.
87. IfA be a non-singular matrix oforder 3, find det(adj A 3 ).
cos(a y) cos(/3 r) 1

4
 Matrix & Determinant

88. If A be a square matrix of order 2 such that 105. Let P and Q be two square matrices such that !Pl = I =
l Q. IfA and B be two square matrices of the same order
A·(adj A) ( ; �}, such that (adjB) = A, find adj(QBP).
1
find det(A). 106. If A is an 3 x 3 non-singular matrix such that AA' = A'A
and B = A- 1 A', find BB'. [JEE Main, 2014]
89. If A be a square matrix of order 3 such that det(A) = 4,
find det(adj A). 2 3
90. If A be a square matrix of order n such that ladj(adjA)I 107. Find the inverse of the matrix, A � [ � 2) .

�tan(f)],
= IAl16, find n. 2 4
I 4 4
0
9I. Ifthe adjoint ofa matrix P oforder 3 is 2 I 7 , the
[ ) 108. If A
I I 3 [
tan(f) 0
possible values ofthe determinant ofPis (are)
(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 2 cos a - sin a
prove that (/ + A) (I - A)( ).
92. Let P = la ..! be a 3 x 3 matrix and let Q = lb I, where
lj lj
sm a cos a
< 1,J
bii 2;+;· a;; tior l _ . . _< 3 .
109. Solve the following system of equations by matrix
If the determinant ofP is 2, the determinant of the ma­
method.
trix Q is
x+y+z = 6
(a) 21 0 (b) 211 (c) 212 (d) 2u
x-y+z = 2
2x+y-z = l
93. If P [ � ; �) is the adjoint of a matrix A of order 110. Compute A-1 for the matrix
. 2 4 4

�1-
l

3 x 3 and !Al = 4, find a. A 3

94. Find the inverse of a skew symmetric matrix of odd -l �I 1
r�
order.
and hence solve the following system of equations
95. If B be a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix
of the same order, find IS--1 AB!. x+2y+5z 2
1 0 O 1 2x 3y+ z 15
96. If P ( ) and Q find the inverse of a
0 I ( -1 0), x+ y+z 3
matrix R, such that R = (P cos 0 + Q sin 0). 111. Solve the following system of equations by matrix (in-
97. If A and B be two non-singular square matrices such verse) method.
that S-- 1 AB = A2 , find S--3 AB3 • 5x+3y+7z 4
98. If A be a non-singular matrix satisfying
I+ A + A2 + A3 + ... + Ak = 0, 3x+26y + 2z 9
find A-1. 7x+2y+l0z 5
99. If A be a non-singular matrix satisfying A 2 - A+ I = 0, 112. The number of3 x 3 matrices A whose entries are either
find A-1 . 0 or I and for which the system
I00. If A be a non-singular square matrix oforder 3 x 3 such
that det(A) = 5, find det(adj(A-1)).
101. If A be a non-singular square matrix oforder 3 x 3, find
IA-1 adj(A)I.

I02. If A ( ! !} , find the multiplicative inverse of A.

has exactly two solutions, is
(a) 0 (b) 29 - I (c) 168 (d) 12
103. If X be a non-singular square matrix of order 2 such 113. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that the
system of equations
1 3) 1 l)
that ( .x ( , 2 2
0 I O -1 .{+ y _.::_ 1, .{_ y +£ 1
a 2 b2 c 2 a 1 b2 c 2
findX.

n
x2 2 z2

104. Let A G and B (� �} find the value of det and -+L+- l

a 2 b2 c2
in x, y, z have a unique solutions.
(2A9B-I).

5
 Matrix & Determinant

114. By using elementary row operation, find the inverse of 1 1 1+

12 6. Prove that the matrix r;; [ .
i]
is unitary.
A=G
!). v3 l 1 1

riftM/dlllllfllii

j
2 3
115. Find the rank of A (: 4 7 .
6 10
4
116. Find the rank of A= ( � 2
l-1 2
�1 }

117. Find the rank of r� ! :1

4 5
-2 1
118. Find the rank of A (: 2
3 .
-5 6 1

l
&llllllflilllDJIJ
2 3 5
119. Prove that the matrix A �1 � �1
3

�
is idempotent

I
l �. � � l
12 0. Prove that the mamx A {1 l is periodic.

12 I. Show that is nilpotent matrix of order 3.

{i � �J 8
2 1 3

12 2. Show that the matrix A

�r � �
is involuntary.
�
123. Prove that the matrix A = 2
1
2 2 1
is orthogonal matrix.
3 4i 5 + 2i
124. Prove that A = [3 :4i 5 2+il
5 2i 2 i 2
is an Hermitian matrix.
2i 2 3i 2 +i
12 5. Prove that A= [ 2 3i i 3i l
2 +i 3i 0
is an skew-hermitian matrix.

6
 Matrix & Determinant
Hints & Solutions

4. Wehave, � (y-2)(y+ 3 )(y+6)=0

� y = 2, 3 , 6
x+G �2)=G �) Thus,
1:(x+ y)=( 1 2 + 2 3 6)= 8
� X=G
�)-G �J 9. Wehave
-2
( �)+ 3 (� 4 )=4(! :
; )
2

� X=(�
l :)
� ( =4(! :)- 3 (� � )
; �)
2
2

5. Clearly, X=½(G
�2)+(; �2)) 2y l2 20 -6
�
(� 2t
)=(
16
-
24) (3
0 12 )

� X =½(t1 :4) = (1:12 ��) 26

=( : 2 )
1
and Y=½(G
�2)-(; �2 )) � x = 9!2,y = 13,z = 8, t = 6

1 0. Let A (42 03) andB=(-11 -25)

� Y=½(=! �)=( 2
-��
32

�) Solving,we get
6. Given A+ 2B + X= 0 '
1 1
X = (3B - 2A) and Y = (3A - 2B)
� X=-(A + 2B) 5 5

=-(G � )+2 (� -
Thus, X=f((
: -�5)-(; )
1 1

�))
: )

=-(G � )+(
!))
1 2

� - 5
� ¾
X = (=: � 5 )=( �� �3 )
-
= -G :) = ( =�)
�3

7. Given ( ; I �
Y 21 ) = ( �
1 1 3

<\)
� !xi < 2,[y 21 < 3
� 2 < X < 2 , 3 < (y-2 ) < 3 11 . Given A=(� �)

8. Wehave
� -2<x<2,-1 <y<5

x3 -:x+2 =2(� �)= 21

( /+7;,_J(; ] Wehave,
: f(x)= l + x + x2 + ... to oo
1
.x3-3x +2=0, y3 + 7y2- 36= 1
.x3-3x + 2 = 0, y3 + 7y2- 35 = 1

Now,.x3-3x +2=0 l-x

� x2(x-1 ) + x(x-1 ) 2(x-1 )= 0 � f(A)=-

� .x3-x2+x2-x-2x+2 = 1 I

� (x l)(x2 + x 2)=0
1-A
� (x 1)(x +2)(x 1)=0
l
� (x 1)2 (x +2)=0
l-21
� x = 1, 2
Also,y3 + 7y2 6 3 =0 = --
� y3 2y2 + 9y2-18y + l8y 36=1 12
� y2(y-2)+9y(y-2)+18(y 2 )=0 =--
� (y-2)(y2+9y+18)=0
1
= -l

7
 Matrix & Determinant

12. Then AB= [l x 2 + 2 x 3] = [8] Also,

13. Then AB= [ax a2 +bx b2 + ex c2]
BA=(2 3 4)rn
= [a3 + b3 + c3 ]

14. Then AB=G

!)xG ;) 19. Wehave,
= (2 + 6 + 12) = (20)

=(! n(! �)
1.2+ 2.5 1.4+ 2.7 )
=
(3.2 + 4.5 3.4 + 4.7 A2=A.A
(12 18
= 4 + 12 6 + 3 = 16 9
=
26 40) )
( 8+4 12+1 (12 13)
Now,A3=A2 A
2). 2.1 + 4.3 2.2 + 4.7
=
4 (5.1 + 7.3 5.2 + 7.4) =(
16
12 13 . 4 1
9 )(2 3)
32
= 14 (32 + 36 48+ 9 ) 68 57)
(26 38) = 24 + 52 36 + 39 = (76 69
Thus,AB:t.BA
Clearly, the matrix multiplication is not commutative. Also, A 4 = A3 .A
15. Given A is a 2 x 3 matrix and AB is a 2 x 5 matrix.
Thus, B is a matrix of 3 x 5.
16. Clearly, the matrix multiplication is not defined.
=
( ;: :�)(! �)
(136+ 228 204 + 57 (364 261
= = )
17. Given A=( �l �) 152 + 276 228+ 69) 428 297

Now, A2=A.A
(
20. Let X = : !)
2a + C 2b + d 3
( )=(
a+4c b+4d 0
2a+c=3 2b+d=5
a+4c=0 b+4d=6
-8c+ C = 3, 2(6-4d) + d= 5
C = _i, -7d = 5 -12 = -7
7
3
c=--,d=l
7

Therefore, a = 7, b = 2
Hence, the result 12
18. Wehave,

Thus, the matrix X = _ (12/7 2) .

AB=m(2 3 4) 317 1
21. Wehave,

=
l : : 1�)
· A2=A.A = (� �
b 2

8
 Matrix & Determinant

1+4+4 2 +2 +4 2+4+2 => a2 = 1, a+ 1 =5

=> a = ±l,a = 4
= 2+2 +4 4+1+4 4+2+2 ]
24. We have A2 = AA
[2 +4+2 4+2 +2 4+4+1

=(; !}(; !)
=[: :
Now, A 2 - 4A - 513
!] a 4
=( :: a:: 4]
Now,A 3 = A 2 A

-4
=[: : !] [� : ;]-s[ : �]

=
: !
-
[ : ] [
! : !]-[� � ;] Given IA 3 I = 1 25

=[� � �]=0 a3+12a 6a 2 +8

=> = 125
6a 2 +8 a3 + 1 2a
22. We have => (a1+ 12a)2 - (6a2 +8)2 = 125
=> (a1+ 1 2a+ 6a2 +8)(a3 + 12a-6a2-8)= 1 25
=> (a1+6a2+ 1 2a+8)(a1+6a2+ 12a-8)= 125
(1 l)[ � ; �1r�1 =0
=> (a+ 2)3 (a- 2)3 = 125
15 3
X

2 X
=> {(a+ 2 )(a- 2)}3 = (5)3
=> (a+ 2 )(a- 2 )=5
=> (1 l)r�:�;+�]=0 => a2-4 = 5
15+6+2x => a2 = 9
X

=> a = ±3
25. Given AB = A and BA = B
=> (1 1)[�2\ :]=0 Now A = AB
2

2 1+ 2x => A 2 = ABA = AB =A
X

Similarly B2 =B
=> (7 + 2x) + x(12 + x) + (2 1 + x) =0 We have,
=> (7 + 2x) + 12x+ x2 + (2 1 + x) = 0 (A + B)2 = (A 2 + AB + BA + B2)
=> x2 + 15x + 28=0 = (A +A+ B+ B)

=2(A + B)
=> x= -15±�225- 1 12 = -15±M => (A + B)4 = 4(A + B)2 =8(A + B)
2 . 2
and (A + B)3 =(A + B)2 .(A + B)
Hence, the solution set is
=2(A + B).(A + B)= 2(A + B)2
1
{-15+M ' - 5+M}.
= 4(A + B)

2 2 Thus,
(A + B)7 = (A + B)4.(A + B)3
23. We have = 32(A + B)2 =64(A + B)
a
= = (: �} (: �) = [
A2 A . A
a � 1 �)
26. Given A= G !) =(:
and B ;)
Given relation is
A2 = B Now, AB=
G
!)(: ;)
a2 o) (1 0)
=> [ a+2c b+2d
a+l 1 - 5 1 ( )
- 3a + 4c 3b + 4d

9
 Matrix & Determinant

7.36

Now,j{A)=I+A+A2 + A_3 + ... + A 16

Also, BA=(:
!)G :)
a + 3b 2a + 4b
=I+A
=I+A+O+O+ ... +O

=(
c+3d 2c+4d)

AB=BA
It is given that

a + 2c b + 2d a + 3b 2a + 4b
( 3a+4c 3b+4d) =(c+3d 2c+4d)
A2=A+I
31. Given,

a+2c = a+ 3b => 2C = 3b => A 3 = A 2 + A = A+I+A = 2A + I

=> A4 = 2A2 + A = 2(A + I) + A = 3A + 21
b+2d=2a+4b
=> A 5 = 3A2 + 2A = 3(A+I)+2A = 5A + 31
3a+4c=c+3d
=> 3b + 4d=2c + 4d A 2=2A-I
32. Given,

2c=3b => A3 = 2A2 � A = 2(2A-I)-A = 3A-21

=> 2a-2d=-3b => A4 = 3A 2 - 2A = 3(2A-I)-2A = 4A- 31
=> A 5 = 4A2 - 3A = 4(2A-I)- 3A = 5A-41
a-d _ 2 b lb lb
A"=nA-(n-1)1
l Thus, by symmetry, we can say that
'3b-c 2c-c c lb
Now =--=-1._=_1._=-1

27. GivenA 2=0

33. Given,

A2 = o = A3 = A4 = ... A 2009 A=
G �)
Now, A(I + A)2009
. + 2009c1 .
2009 r A+ 2009c2 .
r 1. r 2. A => A 2=G �)G �)=G �)=2(� �)=2A
= A[ r n A 00& ]
2

. +...+ 2009c2009 . => A3 = 2A2 = 2(2A) = 4A = 2 2A

Co

=> A4 = 22A 2 = 22(2A) = 2 2A

2

=A(I + 2OO9A + 0 + 0 + ... + 0)

= A(I + 2OO9A) A"=2"- 1 A
Thus, by symmetry, we can say that

=A.I+2009 A2
=A+O
=A
28. Given A2=I.

(1-A)(J + A)=P + JA-AI-A 2

Now,

=I+ A-A-A2
=I+A-A-1
=O

(I+A)3 - 7A =(P + 3PA + 3IA 2 + A3)- 7A

29. We have,

=(I+ 3A + 3A2 + A 3) - 7A
=(I+ 3A + 3A + A)-7A
=1+7A-7A
=I
30. Here, A =A.A.
2

= =
:) (� �) o
Thus, A 2 = 0 = A 3 = A4 = ... = A 16 •
=( � :)( �

We have /(x)= �:X n

16

= 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ... + x 16
n=O

10
 Matrix & Determinant

40. We have,
(A 2016+2A201s) = A20 1s (A+21)

37. Let A = r�2 �

3 4
0 2 3 Thus,
Then IA 2 0 4 IA2016+2A201s l IA (;
3 4 0 :)I
= 2015
=

s
2 3 = IA201 I ;
1�4 �I 1=� �I+ 1=� �41 1 :1
=

= 0 - 2(0+12)+3(8 - 0) s
= -24+24 = 0
= IAl201 x 1;
:1
Thus, the determinant of skew-symmetric matrix of = (l) 20 1 s X (20 - 5)
odd order is zero.
= 15
O b 41. Given,
38. Let A= (
b 0
IAI = IA2I
)
A =A 2

Then IAI = O = b2
bl IAI = IAl2
Ib 0
::::}

IAl(IAI - 1) = 0
Thus, the determinant of skew-symmetric matrix of
::::}

IAI = 0 or IAI = 1
even order is a perfect square.
::::}

42. We have,
::::}

(a det(3A) = 33 x det(3A)
39. Let A= = J 3 x8 = 216
a21 :::)=(� �) 43. We have,
11

1 IA"I = IA1" = 2"

= 1
Then IAl = � 44. We have,
I 01
= (2 - 1)(-1)2 1
cos2 0 sin 2 0 = 4
cos 0- sin2 0
sin2 0 cos 2 0
Again, let A= [a 2 1
= (cos2 0- sin2 0)(cos2 0+sin2 0)
all a1 2

= (cos2 0- sin2 0)
a2 2

= cos (20)
a31 a32

Thus, the maximum value is 1.

0 1
=[: � l] 45. Given P3 = Q3 and P2Q= Q2P
We have,
p3 _p2Q= Q3 _ Q2P
Thus, IAI = 1 0 l => p2(P - Q)= Q2(Q - P)
1 1 0 => p2(P - Q)= -Q2(P - Q)
=> (P2+Q2)(P - Q)= 0
=0
1: 1:
= (3 - l)(-1)3 -1
�I+
�, = 1 1 = 2
+
=> (P2+Q2) = 0,
Thus, det(P +Q2) det(O)= 0
46. We have,
2 =
since (P - Q) -:I- 0

Therefore, in general
0 1 b C
:H: :H: :1
a b

0 C a
: =al:
IAI = = a(bc a 2 ) b(b 2 ac) + c(ab c 2 )
= abc a 3 b 3 + abc + abc c3
I 1 0
= 3abc - a3 - b3 - c3
= (n -1)(- 1r-1 = -(a3+b3+c3 3abc)

11
 Matrix & Determinant

=(ab+ be+ ca) x 0

1 a a2
=O
47 The given determinant = 1 b b 2 51. The given determinant
a+b+2c a b
2
1 C c
a a 2 = C b+c+2a b
0 b-a b2-a 2 C a c+a+2b

0 c-a c 2-a 2
2(a+b +c) a b
= 2( a + b +c) b +c +2a b
= 2(a+b+c) a c+a + 2b
c-a c 2-a 2
(C,-� C, + C2 + C3)
b+a
= (b-a)(c-a)I: l a b
c+a
1
= 2(a +b + c) x 1 b +c +2a b
= (b-a)(c-a)(c + a-b-a)
a c+a+2b
= (b-a)(c-a)(c-b)
1
= (a-b)(b-c)(c-a) 1 a b
1 a b+c
= 2(a +b +c) x 0 b+c+a 0
48. The given determinant = 1 b c+a 0 0 c+a+b
1 C a+b R2 �R2-R1
( )
1 a a+b+c R3 �R3-R1
= 1 b b+c+a a b
C c+a+b =2(a+b+c) x 0 1 0 3

1 a 1 0 0 1
=(a+b+c)l b 1 = 2(a + b + c)3 x 1
= 2(a+ b + c)3
1 C 1
52. The given determinant
=(a+ b + c) x 0 b+c a a
=O
49. The given determinant is
= b c+a b
C C a+b
sin a cos /3 cos (a+ 0)
sin /3 cos /3 cos (/3 + 0) 2(b +c) 2(c +a) 2(a +b)
sin y cosy cos (r + 0)
= b c+a b
sin a cos f3 0 C C a+b
= sin f3 cos f3 0 (R, �R, + R2 + R3)
sin y cosy 0 (b+c) (c+a) (a+b)
[C3 � C3 - (C1 cos 0 + C2 sin 0)] 2 b c+a b
0 C C a+b
1 be a(b+c) b+c (c+a) (a+b)
50. The given determinant = 1 ca b(a + c) = 2 -c O -a
1 ab c(a + b) -b -a 0
1 be bc+ab+ac
= 1 ca ac+ab+be (C3 � C2 +C3 )
1 ab ab+ac+bc 0 C b
1 be = 2-c O -a
=(ab+be+ ca) x 1 ca -b -a 0
1 ab 1 = 2[-c(-ab-0) + b(ca-O)]

12
 Matrix & Determinant

= 2(abc + abc)
1 + a 2 - b 2 + 2b 2 2ab 2ab -2b
=4abc
53. The given determinant = 2ab 2ab 1 - a 2 + b 2 + 2a 2 2a
b 2+c 2 a2 a2 2b b(l-a -b ) -2a+a(l-a -b ) 1-a 2 -b 2
2 2 2 2 ·

= b2 c2 + a 2 b2
c2 c2 a 2+b 2
0 -2b
1+ a +b 2a
c 2 +a 2
= 0 2 2
=
b(l+a +b ) -a(l+a 2 +b 2 ) l -a 2 -b 2
c2
2 2

(R 1 � R 1 + R2 + R 3 ) 1 0 2b
= (1 + a 2 + b 2 ) 2 0 2a
(b 2 + c 2 ) (c a ) (a 2 + b 2 )
2+ 2

b -a 1-a 2 -b2
=2 b2 c2 + a2 b2
1 0 -2b
= (1 + a 2 + b 2 )2 0 1 2a
O -a 1-a 2 +b 2
=2 c 2
0 a2
b2 a2 1 2a
(l+a 2 +b 2 ) 2
0
-a 1-a 2+b 2
= ( 1 + af + b2)2 ( 1 a2 + b 2 + 2a2)
O c2 b2 = (1 + a2 + b2)3
56. The given determinant
=2--c 2 0 a2 (R1 �R1+ R2+ R3 )
-b2 -a 2 a2 +1 ab a. c
0
= ab b +1 be
2( c2( a2b2 0) + b2(c2a2 0))
2
=
= 2(a2 b2c 2 + a2 b2c2)
ac cb c2 + 1
= 4a2b2c2 a(a2+1) a2b a 2c
54. The given determinant =- ab 2 b(b 2 + 1) b2 c
abc
a a+b a+b+c ac 2 c2 b c(c 2 + 1)
= 2a 3a+2b 4a+3b+2c
(a 2 + 1) a2 a2
3a 6a+3b 10a + 6b+3c
abc
= b2 (b 2 + l ) b2
a a+b a+b+c abc
c2 c2 (c 2 + 1)
=0 a 2a+b
O 3a 7a+3b (1+a 2 +b 2 +c 2 ) (l+a 2 +b 2 +c 2 ) (1+a 2 +b2 +c 2 )
2a b b2
al a + l
b2 (b 2 + 1)
= 3a 7a+3b (c 2 + 1)
= a(7a2 + 3ab 6a2 - 3ab) (R 1 R 1 + R2 + R3 )
= a(a2) = a3
�

1
55. The given determinant
= (1 + a + b + c
2 2 2
b 2 (b 2 +1) b2
1 + a2 - b2 2ab -2b
)

c2 c2 (c 2 +1)
2ab 1-a2+b 2 2a
0 0
2b -2a 1 - a 2 -b 2 C2�C2 -C1
= (1 + a 2 + b 2 +c 2 ) b 2 1 0 ( )
C3 �C3 -C1
c2 0

13
 Matrix & Determinant

= (1+a2 + b 2 +c2

= (1 + a2 + b2 + c2 )
)I� �I =abc
1 1 1

-1
1 1 1

1+-
1
1 1 1
1+-+-+- 1+-+-+- 1+-+-+-
a b C a b C a b C
-1
57. The given determinant
b b b
1- 1 1
xc\ xc2 xc 3 l+-
C C C

YCI YC2 YC3 1 1

zcl zc2 zc3 1 1
=abc ( 1+-+-+-
1 1
l+-
l) 1
a b C b b b
x(x 1) x(x-l)(x-2) 1 1
2 6 I+-
-l)(
C C C
y(y- 1) y(y y-2)
0 0
2 6
=y
z(z 1) z(z-l)(z-2) =abc ( I+-+-+-)
I 1 1 1
0
z
2 6 a b C b

1 (x -1) (x-l)(x-2) -1 0
C
= xyz 1 (y -1) (y l)(y- 2)
12 1 1 1
1 (z-1) (z-l)(z-2) =abc (1+-+-+-)
a b C
(x -1)(x-l)(x-2) 59. The given determinant is
= xyz O (y-x) (y2-x2)-3(y-x)
12 (b+c) 2 a2 a2
0 (x-x) (z2 -x2)-3(z-x)
(c +a) b2
= 2

R2�R2-R1)
(
(a+b)2
R3 �R3-R1
(b+c)2 a 2 0 a2
0
2 2
( x (y x ) 3(y x)
xyz y ) = (c+a)2 b2 b2
12 (z-x) (z2 -x2 )- 3(z-x)
c2-(a+b)2 c2-(a+b)2 (a+b)2
( -x)(z x) l y +x 3 C1�C1-C3
= xyz y l 1
12 1 z+ x 3 ( )
C2�C2-C3
-x)(z-y)
= xyz(y x)(z 0
12
b+c-a
0
(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)
=(a+b+c)2 c+a-b b2
= xyz
12 c-a-b c-a-b (a+b)2

58. The given determinant b+c-a 0

l+a =(a+b + c) 2
0 c + a -b b2
= 1+b 1 -2b -2a 2ab
1 1+ C R3 �R3-(R I + Rz )
1
1+- [= 2ab(c+a) ( b + c-a) + 2a2b(c + a-b)
= 2ab(c + a) (b + c-a) + (c + a-b)
a a a
1 -1
=abc - l+-
1
b b b = 2ab[(b (c+a)+ (c2-a2)-ac + a2-ab
l 1 = 2ab(bc + c2 + ac)
1+-
C C C = 2abc(a + b + c)
= 2abc(a + b + c)3

14
 Matrix & Determinant

60. The given determinant is D -23 23

Thus ' x=-1 =- = -
(a+l)(a+2) (a+2) D -13 13
(a+2)(a+3) (a+3)
=�
(a+3)(a+ 4) (a+4) and y = D2 = -2
D -13 13
a2 +3a+2 (a+2) 1
a2 +5a+6 (a+3) D = � :1= 6- 6= 0
I
a2 +7a+ 12 (a+ 4)
=

4 3
63. Here' D1=1 1=24-30 =-6#0
a +3a+2 (a+2)
2 10 6
2a+4 1 0 We know that, ifD = 0 and any one ofD 1 and D2 is non­
4 a+ 10 0 zero, it has no solution.
=

So the system of equation is inconsistent.

2

5
64. Here, D = 1 =30-30 = 0
151
2

5
6

=1
:::1: �I =1 1 = 90-90 = 0
D1 18 15
6

= (4a + 8) -(4a + IO)

=-2 D2 =1 1 =3 6-3 6= 0
61. The given determinant is 18
2 6

As we know that, if D = 0 + D 1 = D2 , the system of

6

b+c c+a a+b

equations has infinitely many solutions.
a+b b+c c+a
Lety=k
c+a a+b b+c
6-5k
2(a+b+c) c+a a+b Then x=--,keR.
2
= 2(a+b+c) b+c c+a 65. Sin ce the system of equations has infinitely many solu­
2(a+b+c) a+b b+c tions, so D = 0 + D 1 = D2

( c1 � c1 + c2 + C3) - a -
Thus, 1 = 0, 1 0
I(c: I) : 10 � a :3b � l =
b

(a+b+c) c+a a+b

=2 (a+b+c) b+c c+a a 2a-b 1 -o
and I
(a+b+c) a+b b+c c+l 10- a+3b
66. We have,
(a+b+c) -b -c
C2 �C2-C1 1
=2 (a+b+c) -a -b
( C3�C -C1) D= = (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)
1
(a+b+c) -c -a } a b c
a b -c a2 b2 c2
= 2 C -a -b 1 1
b -c -a D1 d b c =(d-b)(b-c)(c-d)
d2 b2 c2
=

a b C
a b
b C a
=2 C

+(a-d)(d- c)(c- a)
I
Dz a d

I�
=

3 a d
62 Here, D = l =-4-9 =-13
2 2
c2
-2 1 1
DJ, = b d = (a- b)(b-d)(d - a)
3
D1 =1 l =-8-15=-23
: -2 a2 b2 d2
a

D2 = � 1= 10-12=-2
I :
15
 Matrix & Determinant

Thus, D 2
and w -3 - l=>z l
D1 (d-b)(b-c)(c d) (d-b)(c d) D 2
x=-=
D (a-b)(b-c)(c-a) (a b)( c a)
68. Given parabola is y = ax2 + bx + c, which is passing
D2 (a-d)(d c)(c a) = (a d)(d c) through (2,4),( 1, 1) and ( 2, 5),so,
y=-=
D (a-b)(b-c)(c-a) (a b)(b c) 4a+2b+ C=4
D3 (a-b)(b-d)(d a) = (b-d)(d a) a-b+c = l
z=-= 4a-2b+c = 5
D (a b)( b c)(c a) ( b c)(c a)
From Cramers rule,
1 1 1
67. Letu -,v -,w - D1 15 5
a=-=-=-
x y z
D 12 4
The given system of equations reduces to
D2 1
1 b - -and
u +v w=-"-' D 12
4 D3 2 =-1
9 c=-=
2 u v + 3w ·'- D 12 6
4
and -u-2v+4w 1 = 4 2
where D l 1 1 12
1 1
4 2 1
Here, D 2 1 3
1 2 4 4 2 1
D1 = 1 1 1 15
=1(-4+6 ) 1(8+3) 1(-4..;.1)
=2 11+5=-4 5 2 1
1/4 1 1 4 4 1
D1 =9/4 1 3 D2 I 1 1 1
1 2 4 4 5 I

¾· 2 (9 3) ( � + 1)
D3 =
4
I
2 4
1 1 2
!+2 6 4 6 2 4 2 5
2 2
Hence,the required equation of the parabola is
1 1/4 1 y = ax2 +bx+c
Also, D2 2 9/4 3 5 2 X 1
=> y=-x +-+-
1 1 4 4 12 6
1 69. Since the system of equations has a unique solution,so,
(9 3) ; (2 + �) 2 k
--:f:.-
=4 5= 1 3 -4
1 1/4 8
=> k-:t:---
Again, D3 = 2 1 9/4 3
1 2 1
Therefore, the value of k is k ER-{-�}.
( 1+�) 1(2+�) ¾ 70. Since the system of equations has infinitely many solu-
14 tions,so
2. 2_ 2 3 4 5
2 4 - - -
A 8 10
D 4
Now' u i= 2 => x _!_
=> -=-
3 1
D 2 2
A, 2
1 1
v -2 - -=> y=2
D
=> 1=6
D 2 2 Hence,the value of A is 6 .

16
 Matrix & Determinant

71. We know that, the system of equations has no solution a t b

Only when, if D =0, but any one ofDI ' D2, D3 is non­
C

zero. b c t a =0
Now, D=0 gives c a a t
I 2 -3 a+b+c t b C
0 0 (p+2) =0 a+b+c-t c-t a =0
0 (2p + l)
:::}

a+b+c t a a .t
:::} (p +2)(2p + 1)=0 b C

1 (a+b+c t)l c t a =0
= 2,
:::}
:::}
p -2 1 a a t
Now, D1 -::tO gives p '#-1,-1 b C

:::} (a+b+c t)0 c-b t a-c =0

D?- -::tO gives p -::t _ _!_

and D3 -::tO gives p -::t _ _!_

2
2

:::} (a+b+c t)
l
0 a-b a-c t
c b-d a c
a b a c-t
=0
I
Hence, the value ofp is -2.
c b t a c
72. Since the given system of equations has no solution, so (a+b+c t) 0,1 1=0
D=0 and at-least any one ofD1 , D2, D3 is non-zero. a b a c t
:::}

Now D= 0, gives ( +b + c), t2+(a+ b)t+ ( 2ac-c2)=0

t= a
( +b + c)
:::}

:::} t= a
2 1 2
D= 1 2 1 =0 ( +b) ± �(a+b) 42( ac c )
a
t=----'---------
2 2

1 2 l 2
Thus, the number of values oft is3.
:::} 2( A 2)+ (l 1)+2(2+2)=O 75. Since the system of equations has a unique solution, so
:::} -3A- 4- l + 8 = o D1 -::t0
:::} 3A=3
:::} A= 1 6 5 A
Also D 1 -::tO gives 3 1 4 -::t0
2 1 2 1 2 3
4 2 1 -::t 0
:::}

:::} 6(3-8)- 5(-9- 4)+A(6+1)-::t0

4 2 A :::} -30+65+ ?A-::t0
:::} 7 A+35-::t0
:::} 2(-2A- 2)+2(--4A- 4)-::to :::} l+5-::t0
:::} 4A- 4-8A- 8 -::tO :::} A-::t-5
:::} _A+l-::t0 Hence, the value of A is R - {-5}.
76. Since the system of equations has infinite solutions, so
:::} A-::t-1
I a 0
Again, D2 -::tO gives A-::t I.
0 a =0
Hence, the value of A is <p.
a 0
73. Here, D=I! !1=12 12=0 ( - a2) = 0
I- a 0
1-a3=0
:::}

So the system of equations has infinitely many solu­ (a+1)(a2-a+l)=O

:::}

tions. (a+ 1)=0, (a2 -a + I)=0

:::}

Lety = k
:::}

I± �1..:.4 I± iJJ
a 1 ,a --'-- -
Then x -,kER 2 2
3k :::}

2
74. Since the system of equations has non-trivial solution, Hence, the values of a are {-1,1±�Jj}.
soD=0

17
 Matrix & Determinant

77. Wehave,
a O
a b
r a 0 C a 0 C
=a b Oxa b 0
'I 1
=0 a-1
0 a2 1 p 2 l
1
/j -1
2

0 b C 0 b C 0 b C
a 1 /j 1
2

a.a + 0.0 + c.c a.a +0.0 +0.0 a.O + O.b + c.c = 2

a -l /j2 l
= a.a+b.O+O.c a.a + b.b + 0.0 a.O + b.b + 0.c
1 I
2
O.a + b.O + c.c O.a + b.b + c.O 0.0 + b.b + c.c =(a-1) (/j-1) 1
a +l /j +l1
2 2

c 2+a 2 a2 c2
= = (a-1)2(/j-1)2(/j-a)2
a2 a 2+b 2 b2
(:2 = (1- a)2(l -c/Jf(a-/Jf
b2 b 2 +c 2
Hence, the value of k is 1.
78. Wehave,
8 1. Wehave,
2 aP+r6
0 0 0
a+P+r+6
a+P+r+6 2(a+PXr+6) a/3(r+6)+r6(a+/j)
ap+gd aP(r+6)+,y6(a+P) F(x)= X x 2
x
3

3
2afjy6
ex -a e ex3.c. a
x2 -a2
1 0 1 0
= a+P r+6 Ox r+6 a +P 0 I a a2

'ap r6 0 r6 afj 0 + 1 2x 3x
2

x3-a3
ex- a ex e
2- 2
=OxO a
=O
79. Wehave a a2
1 cos(/j-a) cos(y...;a) + x x
2
x
3

·cos{a /j) f cos(r P) ex --:a 2x X ex--a x3 - a 3

3x X e
2 2 2

cos(a r) cos(/J r) 1
1 a 1
cosa sin a 0 cosa sin a
a2 a a2
-- cos p sin /j Ox cos/j sin p => F'(a)= 1 2a 3a2 + a a2 a 3
cosr sin r 0 cosr sin r � 1 1 1 1 2a 3a2

a2
=OxO I a
=O
80. Wehave, =1 2a 3a2
3 1+ /(1) 1+ /(2) 1 1 1
1+ /(1) I+ /(2) 1+ /(3) 1 a a2
l+/(2) l+f(3) 1 + /(4)
=1 2a 3a 2
2+
3 t+a+P I+ a p 2
1 1 1
= t+a +P I+a2 +p 2 l+a 3 +p3 = 2a -3a2 -a + 3a3 .,+. a2 -2a3
l+a +p 2 2
t+a +p3 l+a +p 4
3 4
=a-2a2 +a3·
I I I 1
I 3 2 1
=I a � X1 a 8 2. Given, /(x)= 6.x2 2x 3
p x4
I a2 p 2 1 a2 p 2 1 b b2
I 1 I 3 2 1
2

=I a p => f'(x)= 12x 6x 2

4x3
1 a2 p 2 1 b b2

18
 Matrix & Determinant

3 2 2 r-l 10 1 (2 n -1)
f"(x)= 1 2 12x 1 2x
2

(3 ; 1 }
n
85. We have Dr= 3r-l
b b 2 1 02
1

3 2
( 5 ; l}
n
5r-l 1 03
f"(b) = 1 2 12b 12b
2

b b2
r -1
1 n

3 2 r
r=I
10 1 (2 n - 1)

/"(b)=l 2 l b b =0
2

b b2
Then L,Dr= l)r -1 ( 3 ; l}
n n n
1 02
r=I r=I
11:12
83. f f(x)dx n
r-l (5 ;
n
l}
j
L5 1 03

11:I� · 11:12 11:12 r=I

f sin2 xdx flog (sin x)dx ( f ��sin+ � dx
x
(2 n -1) 10 1 (2 n - 1 )

(3';']
0 0 0
(3 ; 1 )
n
n 1 02
L,(k)

l
= n IJ(k) =
k=I k=I

( 5';')
5n
8 7r 103 ( ; l
15 4
=0
8 -1t log (1)
- -
1t n n n
15 2 2 4 L, f (r) Lg (r) L,h(r)
r=I r=I r=I
= n L,(k)
lJ(k) b
n n n
Then L,Ar = a C

p
k=I
k=I r=I
q r
1t
� ,r log(.!.) where a, c,p, q, rare constants.
15 2 2 4 86. We have,
=0 adj (A')= (adjA)'
84. We have, � ad (A')-(adjA')= 0
87. We know that,
r
n(n + 1 )
2012 jadj (A)I = IAln-l
Replace A by A 3 and n by 3, we get
2
A=
r 2r-1 20 1 3 n2
jadj(A3 )1 =IA3l3 -1 =IAl6
n(3n-1)
3r-2 20 1 4
2 88. We know that,
n(n + 1) given A · adj (A)=IAI · In
20 1 2
r=I 2 1
=( ;
1:)
� L,Ar = L,(2r -1) 20 1 3
n n
n2
r=I r=I � IAl·12 = (1i
n
n(3n-l) 1:)
L,(3r-2) 20 1 4
= 1 0(
r=I 2
� �)
n(n + 1) n(n + 1)
20 1 2
2 2 = 1 0 · /2
= n2 20 1 3 n2 � IAI = 1 0
89. We know that,
n (3n-1 ) n(3n -1) jadj (A)I = IAl,,._1
20 1 4
2 2 � jadj (A)I = 1,41 3-1 = IAl2 = 1 6
=0
19
 Matrix & Determinant

90.We know that, 94. Since the determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix is

.
2 zero, so te inverse does not exist
l[adj{adj (A)}]I =I Al(n-l) 95.We know that,
=> I Al(n- ) =IAl 6 BB 1= 1
12 1

=> (n-1)2= 16 => IBB 1 = 1 Ill

=> (n-1) = 4 => IBIIB 1 =1 Ill
=> n=5 => 1
1 _!_
IB =
IBI
91. Given adj(P) = (� ; ;] Now,
1 1 3 n1 1ABI=IB 1IIAIIBI
1 4 4 = _!_IAIIBI=IAI
IBI
=> ladj(P)I = 2 1 7 = 4
1 1 3 96. We have,
R= (P cos 0+ Q sin 8)
As we know that,
cos 0. O ) 0 sin0 · ·
la4j (P)I::;IPl , =IPf
3 1
= ( 0 · cos0 + ( sin0 0
)
Thus,IPl 2= 4 -
=> 1P1=2,�2 cos 0 sin 0
�( )
a13 -sin0 cos0
92.Let P-::i.(Z:·: a23 ): , where P! l= 2 adj (R)
(
cos0 -sin0)
·
· "31 a32 a33 Now, R 1 =
!RI
=
siit 0 cos0
2 all 2
97. GivenB 1 AB=A 2
Now, Q= (2,. 3 a21 , Now,
s 1 AB 1=s 2(s 1 AB)B 2 '
2 a31
"''4
=s-2 (A 2)B 2
22 all 2J a12 24 a13·' =s 1(B '(A2)B)i
=�'(A 4)B
=> IQI= 2 a21 2 a,22 2 a23
3 4 s
= (A4)2=As
24 a31 2s a32 26 a33 98. Given,
I+A +A 2+A 1+ ...+A k= 0
a1r a12 an
=> A 1(!+A +A 2+A 1+...+A k)= 0
.=i-23 ,24 2a21 2a22 2a23· => (A 1 +1+A + A 2 + ...+A k 1)= 0
22 a31 22 a32 . 22.a33· => A 1 + (-Ak)= 0
=> A I=A k
all a1 2 a 1 3 99. Given,
4 . · i2
=2 -i -2 2 a21 a22 a23 A 2 -A+I=O
2 3

a31 a32 a33 => A 1 (A 2 - A + I) = A 'O= 0

=> (A 1 42 -A 'A +A 1)= 0
all a1 2 a 13 => (A"-/+ J 1 )= 0
=i a21 a22 a23
12 => A"1=I-A
a31 a32 a33 10 0 . We know that, ,I
!adj (A)I= IAln--t
= 212 . 2 = 213 =IAjl 1=IAl2
93.We know that, => · ladj(A )1=Jtl2 •
1
,
!adj (A)I=IAtn 1
)1-(..!..) --
2
1
r

=> !adj (A)I= A1 l2 => lad' (£ 1

2-
= 16 .� - .41 1 -I Al
=> 1(12-12)-a(4-6)+3(4-6) = 16 1 1
=2
=> 2a-6 = 16 � 1121 5
=> 2a = l6+6 = 22 10 1. We have, \' ,
=> a = l IA i adj (A)I=IA 1lladj(A)I
:.

20
 Matrix & Determinant

105. We know that,

!adj( A)I
j( B) = �
IAI B = ad
=_!__
i
IBI IBI
= _!__ x 1Ar-
IAI => adj(B) =IBIB-
1

Replacing B by QBP, we get

1

IAl
IAI adj(QBP) =IQBPl(QBP)
2
=_!__ X

= IAI.
=> adj (QBP) = IQIIBIIPIP- 1B- 1 Q- 1
1

10 2. Given, => adj (QBP) =IBIP- 1 B- 1 Q- 1

=> adj (QBP) =P-1 IBIB-1 Q- 1
A =(
!) => adj(QBP) =P-1 (A)Q-
·

106. We have,
1

Now, IAl = ! !1 = 10 12 = 2
I B = A- 1A'
Since IAI -:t- 0, so its inverse exists. =>
Thus,
AB = A'
Now,
[1 = adj(A) ABB' = A'B'
IAI => ABB' = (BAY= (A-1AA)'.
- => =(IA')' =(A')' =A
-½(}4
=
;) => BB' = 1
-5/2 3/2 10 7. Now,
( 2 ) I 2 3
-1
IAI = 2 1 2
=

10 3. Given G �}x = ( � ) 3 2 4
� 1
=0 -2 (8-6) + 3 (4 -3)
It can be written as AX = B, where =-4- 3
=-7-:t-0
A=G �)and B=( So, its inverse exists.
� �1)
We have,
Now, IAI = =l-:t-0
I� l
I� !I I! !I I! �I '
So, its inverse exists.
Thus, adj(A) =
X= A 1B I� !I I� !I I� �I
1 -3 1
( )(1 )
O I O 1 I� �I -I� �I , I� �I
=

�
[ 2 =! �
r

=(� �1} l
104. We have, I 4 3

l
=

B
= adj(B) = .!.( 3 1
3 )
IBI 2 -7
[� 2 =! �
1

I 4 3
=

=> 2 B- 1=
( 37 -31)
1_ adj(A)
Thus, A
Now IAI
det (2 A9B-1) =det (A 9 2B-1)
,--2
=det (A 9) x det (2B- 1 )
=IAl 9 X 12n- 1 1 5
=(-1)9 x(9-7)
= 2
�-(2 ] 4

21
 Matrix & Determinant

108. We have, Therefore, X = A-' B

l -tan(�)
(/ +A)=[ =
]
tan(�) l ¾(�
3 �3 � )(;)
l -2 1

and

(/-A)=[
l tan
(i)
=¼(:�HH
l
l
� r�J m
-tan(�) =

Let/-A =B => x = 1,y = 2andz = 3.

_,_ adj(B) 110. Given matrix is
Now, 8 -
IBI -1 2
A=( 2 -3
-1 1 :)
= ,,Ad
ran -1 2 5
ran(;} - !(;}]
=> IAI= 2 -3 1 =11¢0
Thus, -l
(/-A)- 1 (/+A) = 0- 1 (/+A) l
=> A- exists.
l -tan(�) 1 -tan(�) Thus,
1

=
l
[ ][ ] adj(A)
A-1=
sec 2
(�) tan(;) l tan(;) l IAI

1
(�) 1- tan2 -2tan(�) = / (:2 / �
1
=!)
= [ l
Also, the given system of equations can be written in
-4 2 5
sect{ 2 (;} I-ran'(;} matrix form as
c s -sin
ran
=( �
sm a cos a
a a
)

109. The given system of equations can be written in the

matrix form as
AX=B, where

Now, IAi = 1 -1 1 =6¢0

1 1

Thus, A- 1 exists
2 -1

=> x = 4,y=-3 andz = I.

111. The given system of equations can be written in matrix
form as

22
 Matrix & Determinant

=> AX=B, where Now,

5 3 1 1 -1
A=[3 26 IAI= l - 1 1 =-4*0
7 2 1 1
3 7 Thus, the system of equations have a unique solution.
Now, IAI= 3 26 2 =0 114. We have,
5

7 2 10
A =I.A

So, inverse does not exist. => =

Also, , G !) (� �}A
256 -16 -176
11 ] => = A
adj(A)= [ -16 1 (� �2) (�3 �}
-176 11 121

- =>
(1 0 ) = (-2 1) A
;;: 0 -2 -3 1 ·
][ J
6

121 5
=>
(1 0) = (-2 1 ). A
0 1 3/2 -1 /2

Therefore, the given system of equations have infinite­

ly many solutions. Thus, £ 1 = ( ;;�
112. The given system of equations can be written in matrix _ :12 ).
form as 115. We have,
1 2 3
It has either
AX:=B

(i) a unique solution, or IAI= 2 4 7

(ii) infinite solutions, or 3 6 10
(iii) no solution. = 1 (40-42)-4(20-21 )+3(12- 12)

A [: H�] �
Thus, there cannot exist any matrix A such that

Mo dirunct rolOOoos
=-2+2+0= 0
Since the determinant ofA is zero, so the rank of the
given matrix is2.
1 16. We have,
2 4 3
1 1 3. Let = X, 2 =Y and 2 = Z. IAI= 1 2 -1
2
x2 y2
z2
-1 -2 6
The given system of equations reduces to
a b C

=2(12-2)-4(6- 1 )+3(-2 +2)

=20-20+0
X+Y-Z=l
=0
Since the determinant ofA is zero, so the rank of the
X-Y+Z=I

It can be written in matrix form as given matrix is2.

X+Y+Z=l

1 17. We have,
1 2 3
IAI= 2 3 4
4 5 6
Let AX'= B, where
= 1 (18-20)-2(12-12) + 3(1 0-12)
=-2-6=-8
Since the determinant ofA is non-zero, so the rank of
the given matrix is 3.

23
 Matrix & Determinant

l
118. We have, Also,A 3 =A 2 • A

A{
!
�2 1 -1
-2 3
1 = �
-5 6
[ �1 �1 :3][ �2 1 3
1 2 1
�

l
� (0 � �3 =
0 9 9 121
[ � �]
(R2 �R2 R 1 • R3 �R3 4R 1) =0

�:1
[1 -2 Hence A is nilpotent of order 3.

�J
0 1 I
5
� 8
0 0
122. LdA =
[� :
Since the number of non-zero rows is 2, so the rank of
the given matrix is 2. 2
Now,A =A ·A
119. We have,

J[I � 1]
l
A =A Af �
2

. 4+3 5 6 12+15 10 15+ 20

= -2-4+5 3+16- 15 5+20 20

l
[ 2+3 4 3 12+12 5 15+16
Hence A is involuntary.
1 ]= A
{1
� 1 2
123. Give, A=f 2 1
[ 2 2
2
2
Thus,A is idempotent. 1

�1
120 . We have,· For orthogonal matrix AA T =A TA = I
A 2 =AA

i[ �
2 2 2 2
T
= �l � � x �l � AA = 2
�
2 2 11[�2
[1 2 1] [ 1 2 1 �2 �11

= �1
[1
-: � =A.
2 11 =[i : �]=/
Hence,A is periodic. Hence A is an orthogonal matrix.

!J
1 124. We have,
3 3+4i 5 2i

l
121. �tA = : 2 T
[ 2 A = 3 4i . 5 2 il

IE �J
1 3 [ 5+ 2i -2+i 2

Now, A2 = A · A= [: 2 2
T
3 4i 5 + 2i
3
� (A ) = 3 + 4i 5 2+i
2 1 1
[ 5-2i -2-i 2
0
=A
3
= [ �1 1 }3] Thus,A is a hermitian matrix.

24
 Matrix & Determinant

125 We have,
[ 2i -2-3i 2+i
==> A T
-2-3i -i 3i 1
2+ i 3i 0
[ -2i 2 + 3i 2 i
(A ) T
-2+3i -i -3i i
-2- i -3i 0

-2-3i [ 2i 2+i
T
==> (A ) - 2-3i -i 3 i 1 -A
2+ i 3i 0
Hence A is an skew Hermitian matrix.
1
126. Let A �[l
�i :/]

==> Ae ==
[1 � i 1:/]
l+il 1 1 l+i
[
1]
l [ 1
lJx./31 i
==> AA0 == .Ji
l- i

==
[� �]
== I
Hence A is unitary matrix.

25