THE RELATIONSHIP OF TIME MANAGEMENT TO THE SCHOOL

STRESS LEVEL OF GRADE 12 OF UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

CHAPTER 1

Introduction – Olea
Background of the Study – Tolentino, Almoradie, Varez
Theoretical Framework – Dela Cruz, Molina-Ivan, Sabio, Erandio
Conceptual Framework – Tolentino
Statement of the Problem – Olea, Varez, Tolentino
Hypothesis – Tolentino, Erandio
Significance of the Study – Olea, Varez
Scope and Limitations - Olea
Definition of Terms – Almoradie

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STRESS LEVEL OF GRADE 12 OF UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN
ACADEMY

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

In trying to read all the books and chapters assigned, meet paper deadlines, and

participate in extracurricular activities, students may become overwhelmed with feelings

that there is not enough time to complete all their work adequately. This seems to be

particularly true of students who hold part-time and full-time jobs as well as attending

school. Poor time management behaviors, such as not allocating time properly or last-

minute cramming for exams have been frequently discussed as a source of stress and poor

academic performance (Walter and Siebert, 1981, New York)

In the Philippines, Jimenez Mariano (as cited by Padua, 2003), for him stressed

out that with proper time management, each person may significantly enrich his life and

actualize himself. In terms of managing time, it can be stated that the efficient use of time

and proper use of it on the study materials contribute greatly successful school experience

to maintain maximum achievements that without these qualities, even the most capable

talented and students would experience considerable frustrations and difficulties in

carrying out different activities and tasks, which the school imposes. Each student

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therefore, within limits of his ability will be successful in academic work as he pursues it

with efficiency, industry and willingness to learn. On the other hand, if the person is a

passive learner or does not have the habit of studying, literacy would not prevail, so does

achievement.

In Upper Villages Christian Academy (UVCA), students who manage their time

will more likely to cope with the stress associated with the increased academic and co-

curricular demands of school life. With this increased of workload comes a degree of

stress, that if not handled and dealt with, can seriously affect the overall health of the

students. At the heart of the stress, managing strategy is effective time management.

Through planning of events to avoid last minute rashes and clashes in activities, a student

can reduce his or her chances of being stressed. For any students who are in face of

meeting course requirements, managing time would be a big help.

Background of the Study

Time managing is one of the most important aspects for an individual to obtain. It

is the ability to manipulate or control tasks given for you to be able to accomplish within

a specific period of time efficiently. For students, time management is important because

of the amount of given tasks may pile up any time soon. If so tasks pile up, especially if

those are not finished, stress would be the effect to them. This study highlights the

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relationship of time management to the school stress level, and if so might see the effect

of it.

According to Brigitte, Claessens, Eerde, & Rutte (2005), from their study “A

Review of Time Management Literature”, time management plays a vital role in

improving student’s academic performance and achievements. Each and every student

should have time management ability which includes setting goals & priorities,

using time management mechanism and being organized in using time. Here time

management is only possible through self-motivation; performance, ability and

motivation.

According to Indreica and et al (2011), from their study “Effects of learning styles

and Time Management on Academic Achievement”, time management has a positive

impact on academic performance. Academic success has, on another perspective, a

positive impact on motivation (generating motives) and on work time (which will be

shorter if the task aims rapidity, and longer if the task is complex and requires

continuous effort) performance

According to Aswathappa, K. (2007), he defines stress as an adaptive response to

an external situation that results in physical, psychological and/or behavioral deviations

for organization participations.

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Theoretical Framework

According to Covey (1985), “The Theory of Time Management” says individuals

need to understand how to prioritize, choose and ultimately understand the opportunity

costs of life. The table shown here is a time management diagram, it helps each

individual to diagram out where they are spending their effort and time. One of the first

and easiest pitfalls we can fall into is trying to respond and fix everything that comes

across our desks. One of the biggest issues I see in any industry is the tendency to live in

the urgent. Whether a task can be categorized as important or not, it often includes a

driving force behind it pushing for immediate solutions.

Figure 1. Time Management Matrix

According to Willison (2002), “The Pickle Jar Theory” explains the managing of

time wisely. It is a visual representation on what is important and what is isn’t. There are

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three major parts of this theory. These are the sand or the least important things, pebbles

that is average in importance and the last is the rock which is stands for the critical

undertakings in the day to day lives.

Figure 2. The Pickle Jar Theory

According to Selye (1956) “The General Adaptation to Stress Model" describes

stress as a physiological response pattern and was captured within his general adaptation

syndrome (GAS) model (Figure 3.). In this way, stress could be experienced as eustress

(positive) or dystress (negative). However, Selye always considered stress to be

physiologically based construct or response. Gradually, other researchers expanded the

thinking on stress to include or involve psycological concepts earlier in the stress model.

This model describes stress as a dependent variable and include three concepts:

First, stress is a defensive mechanism.

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Next, stress follows the three stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Lastly, if the stress is prolonged or severe, it could results in diseases of

adaptation or even death.

Figure 3. General Adaptation to Stress (GAS) Model

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

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Time Management School Stress Level
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STRESS LEVEL OF GRADE 12 OF UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN
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Figure 5. Conceptual Framework

The Figure shows about the relationship of time management to the school stress

level of the Grade 12 students. The ‘Time Management’ acts as the independent variable,

meanwhile the ‘School Stress Level’ acts as the dependent variable.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify The Relationship of Time Management to the School

Stress Level of Grade 12 Students of Upper Villages Christian Academy S.Y. 2019-2020.

After this research, the researchers will answer the following questions :

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following :

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender?

2. How do the respondents manage their time in terms of the following:

2.1 Priorities;

2.2 Control;

2.3 Self-discipline?

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3. What is the respondent’s school stress level?

3.1 Stage 1: Alarm Stage

3.2 Stage 2: Resistance Stage

3.3 Stage 3: Recovery Stage

4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent’s time management

and their school stress level?

5. Which of the following affects you?

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the time management and the school

stress level of the Grade 12 Students of Upper Villages Christian Academy.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be a great benefit to the following:

To the Student : It may help students to have a good self-discipline in managing

their time in school or at home. They will learn the importance of prevention in terms of

having stress or depression in order to maintain good performance in class.

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STRESS LEVEL OF GRADE 12 OF UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN
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To the Teachers : They will help their students cope up easily inside the class

despite of the mental problems of their student possess. The teachers will know the

relevance of provision of understanding beyond just teaching to each students.

To the Parents : They will gain more knowledge on how to discipline their child

when it comes to time management. They will be considerate knowing that their child is

also given a lot of tasks inside the school that are needed to be accomplished on time.

To the Administrators : They will be able to lessen the pressure experienced by

the students which is caused primarily by many school works. This study may help them

maintain a good image for they will have a good performing students which may lead to

an uplift to school's proficiency in giving a quality education.

To the Future Researchers : The future researchers may obtain some

information and backgrounds which they can incorporate with their topic related to this

study. This research paper may also help them in conducting an even more in-depth

study.

Scope and Limitations

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The study focuses on The Effects of Time Management to the School Stress Level

of Grade 12 Students in Upper Villages Christian Academy. The extent of this study is the

Grade 12 students of Upper Villages Christian Academy that will execute a significant

role for this study to be successful. The study will be conducted around Upper Villages

Christian Academy campus only. Researchers are limited with (indicate if the number of

respondents are already given) respondents only. The researchers are limited in

accomplishing this study until the month of October, year 2019.

Definition of Terms

To facilitate a better understanding of this study the following terms were

conceptually and operationally defined.

1. Adequately - It is to a satisfactory or acceptable extent.

2. Cramming - It is to study for an examination by memorizing facts at the last

minute.

3. Stress – It is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse

or very demanding circumstances.

4. Time management – It is the ability to use one's time effectively or productively,

especially at work.

5. Undertaking – It is a formal pledge or promise to do something.

6. Pitfalls – It is a hidden or unsuspected danger or difficulty.

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