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% This Program Prints The Power Flow Solution in A Tabulated Form % On The Screen. % %CLC

This program prints the power flow solution in a tabulated form and summarizes key outputs of the power flow solution such as maximum power mismatch, number of iterations, bus voltages, loads, generations, and total losses. It contains the code to calculate the bus admittance matrix, initialize variables, perform the Newton-Raphson iterations to solve the power flow, and output the results in a tabular format listing various node parameters.

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Juanda Sijabat
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
106 views5 pages

% This Program Prints The Power Flow Solution in A Tabulated Form % On The Screen. % %CLC

This program prints the power flow solution in a tabulated form and summarizes key outputs of the power flow solution such as maximum power mismatch, number of iterations, bus voltages, loads, generations, and total losses. It contains the code to calculate the bus admittance matrix, initialize variables, perform the Newton-Raphson iterations to solve the power flow, and output the results in a tabular format listing various node parameters.

Uploaded by

Juanda Sijabat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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% This program prints the power flow solution in a tabulated form

% on the screen.
%
% Copyright (C) 1998 by H. Saadat.
%clc
disp(tech)
fprintf(' Maximum Power Mismatch = %g \n', maxerror)
fprintf(' No. of Iterations = %g \n\n', iter)
head =[' Bus Voltage Angle ------Load------ ---Generation---
Injected'
' No. Mag. Degree MW Mvar MW Mvar Mvar
'
'
'];
disp(head)
for n=1:nbus
fprintf(' %5g', n), fprintf(' %7.3f', Vm(n)),
fprintf(' %8.3f', deltad(n)), fprintf(' %9.3f', Pd(n)),
fprintf(' %9.3f', Qd(n)), fprintf(' %9.3f', Pg(n)),
fprintf(' %9.3f ', Qg(n)), fprintf(' %8.3f\n', Qsh(n))
end
fprintf(' \n'), fprintf(' Total ')
fprintf(' %9.3f', Pdt), fprintf(' %9.3f', Qdt),
fprintf(' %9.3f', Pgt), fprintf(' %9.3f', Qgt), fprintf(' %9.3f\n\n', Qsht)

j=sqrt(-1); i = sqrt(-1);
nl = linedata(:,1); nr = linedata(:,2); R = linedata(:,3);
X = linedata(:,4); Bc = j*linedata(:,5); a = linedata(:, 6);
nbr=length(linedata(:,1)); nbus = max(max(nl), max(nr));
Z = R + j*X; y= ones(nbr,1)./Z; %branch admittance
for n = 1:nbr
if a(n) <= 0 a(n) = 1; else end
Ybus=zeros(nbus,nbus); % initialize Ybus to zero
% formation of the off diagonal elements
for k=1:nbr;
Ybus(nl(k),nr(k))=Ybus(nl(k),nr(k))-y(k)/a(k);
Ybus(nr(k),nl(k))=Ybus(nl(k),nr(k));
end
end
% formation of the diagonal elements
for n=1:nbus
for k=1:nbr
if nl(k)==n
Ybus(n,n) = Ybus(n,n)+y(k)/(a(k)^2) + Bc(k);
elseif nr(k)==n
Ybus(n,n) = Ybus(n,n)+y(k) +Bc(k);
else, end
end
end
clear Pgg

ns=0; ng=0; Vm=0; delta=0; yload=0; deltad=0;


nbus = length(busdata(:,1));
for k=1:nbus
n=busdata(k,1);
kb(n)=busdata(k,2); Vm(n)=busdata(k,3); delta(n)=busdata(k, 4);
Pd(n)=busdata(k,5); Qd(n)=busdata(k,6); Pg(n)=busdata(k,7); Qg(n) = busdata(k,8);
Qmin(n)=busdata(k, 9); Qmax(n)=busdata(k, 10);
Qsh(n)=busdata(k, 11);
if Vm(n) <= 0 Vm(n) = 1.0; V(n) = 1 + j*0;
else delta(n) = pi/180*delta(n);
V(n) = Vm(n)*(cos(delta(n)) + j*sin(delta(n)));
P(n)=(Pg(n)-Pd(n))/basemva;
Q(n)=(Qg(n)-Qd(n)+ Qsh(n))/basemva;
S(n) = P(n) + j*Q(n);
end
end
for k=1:nbus
if kb(k) == 1, ns = ns+1; else, end
if kb(k) == 2 ng = ng+1; else, end
ngs(k) = ng;
nss(k) = ns;
end
Ym=abs(Ybus); t = angle(Ybus);
m=2*nbus-ng-2*ns;
maxerror = 1; converge=1;
iter = 0;
% Start of iterations
clear A DC J DX
while maxerror >= accuracy & iter <= maxiter % Test for max. power mismatch
for i=1:m
for k=1:m
A(i,k)=0; %Initializing Jacobian matrix
end, end
iter = iter+1;
for n=1:nbus
nn=n-nss(n);
lm=nbus+n-ngs(n)-nss(n)-ns;
J11=0; J22=0; J33=0; J44=0;
for i=1:nbr
if nl(i) == n | nr(i) == n
if nl(i) == n, l = nr(i); end
if nr(i) == n, l = nl(i); end
J11=J11+ Vm(n)*Vm(l)*Ym(n,l)*sin(t(n,l)- delta(n) + delta(l));
J33=J33+ Vm(n)*Vm(l)*Ym(n,l)*cos(t(n,l)- delta(n) + delta(l));
if kb(n)~=1
J22=J22+ Vm(l)*Ym(n,l)*cos(t(n,l)- delta(n) + delta(l));
J44=J44+ Vm(l)*Ym(n,l)*sin(t(n,l)- delta(n) + delta(l));
else, end
if kb(n) ~= 1 & kb(l) ~=1
lk = nbus+l-ngs(l)-nss(l)-ns;
ll = l -nss(l);
% off diagonalelements of J1
A(nn, ll) =-Vm(n)*Vm(l)*Ym(n,l)*sin(t(n,l)- delta(n) + delta(l));
if kb(l) == 0 % off diagonal elements of J2
A(nn, lk) =Vm(n)*Ym(n,l)*cos(t(n,l)- delta(n) + delta(l));end
if kb(n) == 0 % off diagonal elements of J3
A(lm, ll) =-Vm(n)*Vm(l)*Ym(n,l)*cos(t(n,l)- delta(n)+delta(l)); end
if kb(n) == 0 & kb(l) == 0 % off diagonal elements of J4
A(lm, lk) =-Vm(n)*Ym(n,l)*sin(t(n,l)- delta(n) + delta(l));end
else end
else , end
end
Pk = Vm(n)^2*Ym(n,n)*cos(t(n,n))+J33;
Qk = -Vm(n)^2*Ym(n,n)*sin(t(n,n))-J11;
if kb(n) == 1 P(n)=Pk; Q(n) = Qk; end % Swing bus P
if kb(n) == 2 Q(n)=Qk;
if Qmax(n) ~= 0
Qgc = Q(n)*basemva + Qd(n) - Qsh(n);
if iter <= 7 % Between the 2th & 6th iterations
if iter > 2 % the Mvar of generator buses are
if Qgc < Qmin(n), % tested. If not within limits Vm(n)
Vm(n) = Vm(n) + 0.01; % is changed in steps of 0.01 pu to
elseif Qgc > Qmax(n), % bring the generator Mvar within
Vm(n) = Vm(n) - 0.01;end % the specified limits.
else, end
else,end
else,end
end
if kb(n) ~= 1
A(nn,nn) = J11; %diagonal elements of J1
DC(nn) = P(n)-Pk;
end
if kb(n) == 0
A(nn,lm) = 2*Vm(n)*Ym(n,n)*cos(t(n,n))+J22; %diagonal elements of J2
A(lm,nn)= J33; %diagonal elements of J3
A(lm,lm) =-2*Vm(n)*Ym(n,n)*sin(t(n,n))-J44; %diagonal of elements of J4
DC(lm) = Q(n)-Qk;
end
end
DX=A\DC';
for n=1:nbus
nn=n-nss(n);
lm=nbus+n-ngs(n)-nss(n)-ns;
if kb(n) ~= 1
delta(n) = delta(n)+DX(nn); end
if kb(n) == 0
Vm(n)=Vm(n)+DX(lm); end
end
maxerror=max(abs(DC));
if iter == maxiter & maxerror > accuracy
fprintf('\nWARNING: Iterative solution did not converged after ')
fprintf('%g', iter), fprintf(' iterations.\n\n')
fprintf('Press Enter to terminate the iterations and print the results \n')
converge = 0; pause, else, end

end
if converge ~= 1
tech= (' ITERATIVE SOLUTION DID NOT CONVERGE'); else,
tech=(' Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson Method');
end
V = Vm.*cos(delta)+j*Vm.*sin(delta);
deltad=180/pi*delta;
i=sqrt(-1);
k=0;
for n = 1:nbus
if kb(n) == 1
k=k+1;
S(n)= P(n)+j*Q(n);
Pg(n) = P(n)*basemva + Pd(n);
Qg(n) = Q(n)*basemva + Qd(n) - Qsh(n);
Pgg(k)=Pg(n);
Qgg(k)=Qg(n); %june 97
elseif kb(n) ==2
k=k+1;
S(n)=P(n)+j*Q(n);
Qg(n) = Q(n)*basemva + Qd(n) - Qsh(n);
Pgg(k)=Pg(n);
Qgg(k)=Qg(n); % June 1997
end
yload(n) = (Pd(n)- j*Qd(n)+j*Qsh(n))/(basemva*Vm(n)^2);
end
busdata(:,3)=Vm'; busdata(:,4)=deltad';
Pgt = sum(Pg); Qgt = sum(Qg); Pdt = sum(Pd); Qdt = sum(Qd); Qsht = sum(Qsh);
%clear A DC DX J11 J22 J33 J44 Qk delta lk ll lm
%clear A DC DX J11 J22 J33 Qk delta lk ll lm

% This program is used in conjunction with lfgauss or lf Newton


% for the computation of line flow and line losses.
%
% Copyright (c) 1998 H. Saadat
SLT = 0;
fprintf('\n')
fprintf(' Line Flow and Losses \n\n')
fprintf(' --Line-- Power at bus & line flow --Line loss--
Transformer\n')
fprintf(' from to MW Mvar MVA MW Mvar tap\n')
for n = 1:nbus
busprt = 0;
for L = 1:nbr;
if busprt == 0
fprintf(' \n'), fprintf('%6g', n), fprintf(' %9.3f', P(n)*basemva)
fprintf('%9.3f', Q(n)*basemva), fprintf('%9.3f\n', abs(S(n)*basemva))
busprt = 1;
else, end
if nl(L)==n k = nr(L);
In = (V(n) - a(L)*V(k))*y(L)/a(L)^2 + Bc(L)/a(L)^2*V(n);
Ik = (V(k) - V(n)/a(L))*y(L) + Bc(L)*V(k);
Snk = V(n)*conj(In)*basemva;
Skn = V(k)*conj(Ik)*basemva;
SL = Snk + Skn;
SLT = SLT + SL;
elseif nr(L)==n k = nl(L);
In = (V(n) - V(k)/a(L))*y(L) + Bc(L)*V(n);
Ik = (V(k) - a(L)*V(n))*y(L)/a(L)^2 + Bc(L)/a(L)^2*V(k);
Snk = V(n)*conj(In)*basemva;
Skn = V(k)*conj(Ik)*basemva;
SL = Snk + Skn;
SLT = SLT + SL;
else, end
if nl(L)==n | nr(L)==n
fprintf('%12g', k),
fprintf('%9.3f', real(Snk)), fprintf('%9.3f', imag(Snk))
fprintf('%9.3f', abs(Snk)),
fprintf('%9.3f', real(SL)),
if nl(L) ==n & a(L) ~= 1
fprintf('%9.3f', imag(SL)), fprintf('%9.3f\n', a(L))
else, fprintf('%9.3f\n', imag(SL))
end
else, end
end
end
SLT = SLT/2;
fprintf(' \n'), fprintf(' Total loss ')
fprintf('%9.3f', real(SLT)), fprintf('%9.3f\n', imag(SLT))
clear Ik In SL SLT Skn Snk

% Bus Admittance Matrix


% Copyright (c) 1998 by H. Saadat.
function[Ybus] = ybus(zdata)
nl=zdata(:,1); nr=zdata(:,2); R=zdata(:,3); X=zdata(:,4);
nbr=length(zdata(:,1)); nbus = max(max(nl), max(nr));
Z = R + j*X; %branch impedance
y= ones(nbr,1)./Z; %branch admittance
Ybus=zeros(nbus,nbus); % initialize Ybus to zero
for k = 1:nbr; % formation of the off diagonal elements
if nl(k) > 0 & nr(k) > 0
Ybus(nl(k),nr(k)) = Ybus(nl(k),nr(k)) - y(k);
Ybus(nr(k),nl(k)) = Ybus(nl(k),nr(k));
end
end
for n = 1:nbus % formation of the diagonal elements
for k = 1:nbr
if nl(k) == n | nr(k) == n
Ybus(n,n) = Ybus(n,n) + y(k);
else, end
end
end

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