PCSB L&L - Frontsim:

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PATTERN FLOOD MANAGEMENT

Mohd Fadzil Harun

SIS KL
March 2011
 Schlumberger Confidential
Why do I need Frontsim for Waterflooding?

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Water flood
FrontSim used as primary / only simulator Oil / water
problems using front tracking

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90
80

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Results
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1 2 3 5 6 7 8

Reservoir
Model FrontSim

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Advantage: Streamline
• Advantages:
– Unique streamline flow information.
– Streamline visualization.

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– Reduced grid effects.

• Oil-water front tracking solver - unique in the industry.

industry.
– Very fast – more than 5 times faster than the standard
streamline solver.
– Computes sharp flood fronts

• ECLIPSE compatible input and Petrel integration.

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Typical Waterflood Management
“Pattern Balancing” to
improve sweep efficiency
• Define patterns.

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• Allocate production/injection
to patterns.
• Estimate pattern performance,
remaining reserves.
• Determine future
injection/production strategy.
• Minimize oil migration out of
pattern

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Allocation Info in .alloc file
RPTSCHED
ALLOC = 1 or 2 or 3 /

• One injector normally supports

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several producers
• One producer normally supported
by several injectors

In conventional simulator, hard to

quantify relationship
FrontSim quantifies relationship in
the ALLOC report

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 Allocation Info in .alloc file
Allocation fractions at step: 1 1.00 Days
--------------------------------------------------
Wells Rate(RB/D) Fraction PoreVolume(RB)

PROD1 2054.62 1.142e+007

PROD1 - INJ1 2054.62 1.000 1.142e+007
PROD2 2054.63 1.031e+007
PROD2 - INJ2 996.20 0.485 5.334e+006

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PROD2 - INJ1 1058.43 0.515 4.9762e+006
PROD3 2054.75 1.0716e+007
PROD3 - INJ2 2054.75 1.000 1.0716e+007
INJ1 -3082.01 1.6396e+007
INJ1 - PROD1 -1957.24 0.635 1.142e+007
INJ1 - PROD2 -1124.77 0.365 4.9762e+006
INJ2 -3082.00 1.605e+007
INJ2 - PROD2 -1198.44 0.389 5.334e+006
INJ2 - PROD3 -1883.56 0.611 1.0716e+007
I-edge 0.00 0.000 0
P-edge 0.00 0.000 0

Fractions for:
Cells not visited by any streamlines: 4274.9
• 1st well
Total: 3.2451e+007
• Bundle = rate of the sum of streamlines from 1st well to
2nd well / rate of the sum of streamlines for the 1st well
• I-edge = due to aquifer influx or compressibility
Simple .alloc file • P-edge = due to flow out across flux, pressure boundary.

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You have allocation info, now what can you
do?
Oilfield Manager (OFM)
• History matched FrontSim model
provides pattern level allocation.

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FrontSim data source
1. “alloc” file.

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Optimizing Waterflood Simulations
Manual allocation to optimize
waterflood simulations becomes difficult
or impossible when -
• 1000s of wells

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• Complex geology
• Compressible flows
• Well and facility constraints

FrontSim: Pattern Flood

Management Tool
• Automatic allocation during run time
(Dynamic)

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 Schlumberger Confidential
Frontsim Pattern Flood Management
(PFM)?

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Pattern Flood Management - PFM

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Introduction – Why Frontsim for Waterflood
Management
Accounts for
detailed reservoir
characterisation

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and zonation
Provides key
Enables accurate
information to
modelling of
manage injection/
moving flood
production
fronts
(bundle) wells

ECLIPSE
Frontsim

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PFM in a Nutshell.. Why is it useful?

1. Balancing voidage and recovery across the field

2. Reduce water recycling

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3. Reduce injection loss to aquifer

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Rate Balancing Homogeneous 5-Spot Pattern Flood

Unbalanced Balanced
168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d

90 180

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378 rm3/d 378 rm3/d

168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d

360
378 rm3/d 378 rm3/d

168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d 168 rm3/d

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9
Angle Open to Flow (AOF) 95 189 95 189 378 189 95 189 95
FrontSim 104 189 102 189 345 189 102 189 104

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Dynamic PFM– Homogeneous Model
5-Spot Pattern Flood Water Cut
Water Cut Analysis Corner wells

Mid-edge wells
Unbalanced Flood

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Central well

Uniform Recovery
Water Cut
Delayed BT

Balanced Flood

Better Economics

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Dynamic PFM – Heterogeneous model
Using AOF Rates FrontSim PFM

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Unrecovered
oil

Reduced Water

Increased recovery

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Recommended Waterflood Operations

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Frontsim Pattern Flood Management:
How to activate it?

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PFM - How?
1. Create dynamic well list – WLIST
2. Triggered by a single keyword – WCONPAT
3. WCONPAT strategies / control criteria:

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• VREP – Voidage Replacement
• RECOV – Recovery Balancing
• INJEFF - Reducing water recycling

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Recommended - WCONPAT Strategies

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VREP RECOV INJEFF

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PFM – In Summary
• Automatic allocation is based on the ranking of injector-
producer streamline bundles.
• Ranking criteria

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– Producer oil cut
– Rate of flooding of remaining recoverable oil
– Voidage created
• Injection lost to aquifer can be accounted for
– Reduce the overall injection
– Re-allocate lost injection

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Thank you

Petrel RE 2010 –
PFM demo using PFM Module

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Weighting

New Bundle Rate = Weight * Old Bundle Rate

Wi = 1 + Wlim * ∆(Beta)Alpha

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Frontsim Pattern Flood Management (PFM)

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Dynamic pattern
allocation works! –
Example of Prudhoe Bay

• Reduction in overall
water injection by 50%

Accounts for dynamic patterns automatically during simulation run

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Tracking Flood Fronts Accurately using Frontsim

Prudhoe Bay
SPE 63152 –

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“Streamline Simulation
provided an accurate means
to manage the 3-D
complexity of this mature
multi-zone waterflood.”

Numerous proven projects utilizes the Frontsim capability

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Tracking Flood Fronts Accurately using Frontsim

Syria Field
SPE 10896–

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Forecasted movement of oil-water contact with high degree of accuracy

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