Enzymes 1
Enzymes 1
Enzymes 1
Properties of Enzymes:
Classification of Enzymes:
NUMBE CLASSIFICATIO
BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
R N
The hallmark of effectors is that when they bind to enzymes, they alter the catalytic
properties of an enzyme's active site. Those that increase catalytic activity are known as
positive effectors. Effectors that reduce or inhibit catalytic activity are negative effectors.
In the above figure the temperature optima of three different enzymes is depicted. You
should note that the temperature optimum of each enzyme is different.
(The Curve in blue might represent an enzyme isolated from a shrimp that normally lives
in the cold waters of Alaska. Thus its enzymes have evolved to work best at lower temperatures.
The curve in red might represent that obtained with porcine chymotrypsin.
Curve curve in green might represent the temperature optimum obtained with an enzyme
isolated from a bacteria that normally lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The
enzymes from this bacteria would work best at temperatures that would normally denature
enzymes isolated from you or me.
In addition, you should notice that not only are the optimum temperatures different, the shapes
of the curves are also different)
0
Q10 =rate of a reaction at (t+10) C rate of reaction at t0 C.
Over a range of 00 -400 C, Q10 , for enzyme controlled reaction is 2. In other words,
0
the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction doubles with every 10 C rise in
temperature.
But high temp. causes sudden fall in enzyme activity because the secondary & tertiary
structure have been disrupted due to breaking of H-bonds & disulphide bonds. This is
at a particular hydrogen ion concentration called optimum PH .When the PH is altered above or below
the optimum value the rate of enzyme activity diminishes. Changes in PH alter the acidic or basic
groups that help to maintain the specific shape of the enzyme ie, PH change leads to an alteration in
ii) In the 2nd steps (ES) complex breaks down to form the product and
free enzyme:
K3
(ES) E+P........ (2) (K1,K2,K3,K4 are rate constant for the
reactions) K4
The smaller the value of Km, the greater the apparent affinity of the
enzyme for the substrate.
(S)*=substrateConc.
4. Presence of Inhibitors: Inhibitors are those chemical compounds
which decrease or stop the catalytic activity of the enzymes and the
phenomenon is known as inhibition. It is of following types: