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Behaviorism and Education: Tadeo A. Rosalia

This document discusses behaviorism and its connection to education. Behaviorism is a systematic approach that focuses on environmental factors like reinforcement and punishment in influencing behavior. It is based on the idea that behavior is acquired through conditioning, where a learner's response to stimuli can be reinforced through positive or negative feedback. Important early behaviorists discussed include Ivan Pavlov who discovered classical conditioning, B.F. Skinner who developed operant conditioning, and John Watson who established psychological behaviorism and conducted experiments on humans. Behaviorism had implications for education by viewing learning as the acquisition of behaviors through conditioning principles.

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Christopher Diaz
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122 views19 pages

Behaviorism and Education: Tadeo A. Rosalia

This document discusses behaviorism and its connection to education. Behaviorism is a systematic approach that focuses on environmental factors like reinforcement and punishment in influencing behavior. It is based on the idea that behavior is acquired through conditioning, where a learner's response to stimuli can be reinforced through positive or negative feedback. Important early behaviorists discussed include Ivan Pavlov who discovered classical conditioning, B.F. Skinner who developed operant conditioning, and John Watson who established psychological behaviorism and conducted experiments on humans. Behaviorism had implications for education by viewing learning as the acquisition of behaviors through conditioning principles.

Uploaded by

Christopher Diaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Behaviorism and Education

Tadeo A. Rosalia
What is Behaviorism?
Behaviorism (or behaviourism)

• Human and animal behavior.


• It assumes that all behaviors are either
reflexes produced by a response to certain stimuli in
the environment, or a consequence of that individual's
history, including especially reinforcement and
punishment, together with the individual's current
motivational state and controlling stimuli.
• Thus, although behaviorists generally accept the
important role of inheritance in determining behavior,
they focus primarily on environmental factors. is a
systematic approach to the understanding
What is Behaviorism?
• Idea that behavior is acquired
through conditioning.
• Measures behavior by
a learner’s response to
stimuli.
• A learner’s response to stimuli
can be reinforced using positive or
negative feedback.
• Behaviorism is an approach to psychology based on the belief that all
human actions and responses can be explained in terms of reflexes
conditioned by reward and punishment.
• Observation And Test experiments
Behaviorism connection to
• Realism  Materialsm
• It is concerned with the  Is the theory that reality can be
existence of things. explain by the Laws of mater and
• Complete living is the aim of motion, material matter exis .
education and also the aim  Beliefs about mind, consciousness
of life. soul they say, are relics of pre
scientific age.
• Realism is the theory that  preoccupation with or emphasis on
holds the existence of material objects only, comforts, and
objects is real. considerations,
• Relation between object and  rejection of spiritual, intellectual
or cultural values.
thought.  Nothing is supernatural
Thomas Hobbes (1599-1679)

 Who was Thomas


Hobbes?

 The State of
Nature
 Human Nature
 The Laws of
Nature
 Leviathan?
Thomas Hobbes
 Born in 1588, Died in 1679
 Oxford-educated Englishman
and political philosopher
 One of the first social
contract theorists
• Famous work: Leviathan

• He applied some of their


ideas about physical universe
to human being and social
institution.
• He said ; Life is Motion
Early behaviorists
Ivan Pavlov B.F Skinner John Watson
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
• Pavlov did a famous experiment that
demonstrate the theory of
• classical conditioning

• He is known for using dogs for behavioral


tests.
• He used a bell to teach the dogs to know that
food was being given and it resulted in the
dogs salivating while waiting for the food.

• This became known as classical conditioning.


Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning involves pairing a naturally occurring stimulus with a response.


Then a previous neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. The
neutral stimulus begins to evoke the same response without the natural occurring
stimulus.
John B. Watson(1878-1958)

• Watson believed that human behavior


resulted from specific stimuli that elicited
certain responses.
• Watson's basic premise was that conclusions
about human development should be based
on observation of overt behavior rather than
speculation about subconscious motives or
latent cognitive processes.
• One experiments “little Albert”
• Use Classical conditioning on Human
John B. Watson
• “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-
formed, and my own specified world to
bring them up in and I guarantee to take
any one at random and train him to
become any type of specialist I might
select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-
chief and, yes, even beggar-man and
thief, regardless of his talents, penchants,
tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race
of his ancestors.”
Jan. 1878- Sept. 1958
• Known for publishing an article titled
“Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It”
•Little albert
John B. Watson
• The little albert experiments
presents and example of how
classical conditioning can be use to
condition an emotion response

• Neutral stimulus: The white Rat


• Unconditioned stimulus: The Loud Noise
• Unconditioned response: Fear
• Condition res. The white Rat
• Condition response: Fear
• Watson’s work was based on the experiments of Ivan Pavlov,
who had studied animals’ responses to conditioning.
• He became interested in the work of Ivan Pavlov and included a
brief summary of Pavlov’s works in his major works.
• Pavlov believed, as Watson was later to emphasize, that
humans react to stimuli in the same way.

Ivan Pavlov
B.F Skinner (1904-1990)
• Skinner believed that the best way to
understand behavior is to look at the
causes of an action and its
consequences.
• He called this approach operant
conditioning.
• Operant conditioning is a method of
learning that occurs through rewards
and punishments for behavior.
• It is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and
punishments.
• Rewards cause an increase in behaviour, while punishment
decrease the behaviour.
• Aspects in Operant Conditioning:
– Positive Reinforcer
– Negative Reinforcer
– Positive Punishment
– Negative Punishment
Important People in Behaviorism
• Ivan Pavlov- Did the experiment with the dogs.
Came up with the theory of classical conditioning.

• B.F. Skinner- Developed the theory of operant


conditioning. Operant Conditioning is the use of
consequences to modify the occurrence and form of
behavior.
• John B. Watson- The “Little Albert” experiment. He
gets credit for establishing the psychological school
of behaviorism.

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