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    Lecture 11: Driving Point Functions & Network Function: Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

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    Aniruddha Roy
    Driving point functions and network functions describe impedance and admittance measured at ports of linear time-invariant networks. Transfer functions give the ratio of the Laplace transforms of the input and response at different ports. Examples show calculating input impedance Zin(s) and admittance Yin(s) for various circuits by setting up and solving systems of equations relating voltages and currents.

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    Lecture 11: Driving Point Functions & Network Function: Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

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    Aniruddha Roy
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    Driving point functions and network functions describe impedance and admittance measured at ports of linear time-invariant networks. Transfer functions give the ratio of the Laplace transforms of the input and response at different ports. Examples show calculating input impedance Zin(s) and admittance Yin(s) for various circuits by setting up and solving systems of equations relating voltages and currents.

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    Driving point functions and network functions describe impedance and admittance measured at ports of linear time-invariant networks. Transfer functions give the ratio of the Laplace transforms of the input and response at different ports. Examples show calculating input impedance Zin(s) and admittance Yin(s) for various circuits by setting up and solving systems of equations relating voltages and currents.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    131 views4 pages

    Lecture 11: Driving Point Functions & Network Function: Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

    Uploaded by

    Aniruddha Roy
    Driving point functions and network functions describe impedance and admittance measured at ports of linear time-invariant networks. Transfer functions give the ratio of the Laplace transforms of the input and response at different ports. Examples show calculating input impedance Zin(s) and admittance Yin(s) for various circuits by setting up and solving systems of equations relating voltages and currents.

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    Electric Circuits and Networks 27-08-2018

    Lecture 11: Driving Point Functions & Network Function


    Lecturer: Dr. Vinita Vasudevan Scribe: Shashank Shekhar

    Driving Point Functions: Impedence and admittance measured at the same port of the
    network with assumption is LTI i.e. zero initial condition and no independent sources other
    than the input.

    Vin + Iin
    − N N

    Iin (s) Vin (s)


    Yin (s) = Zin (s) =
    Vin (s) Iin (s)
    Transfer Function: It is the ratio of laplace transform of input and response at different
    port with assumption is LTI i.e. zero initial condition and no independent sources other
    than the input.

    input Iin N response

    Example 1:

    αV2
    V1 V2
    super node
    +
    −

    Iin (s) gm V2 R C C

    Zin (s)

    1
     
    V1 + sC + V2 (sC) + V2 gm = Iin (s)
    R
    V1 − V2 = αV2

    1
     1 + sRC    
     g + sC  V1  Iin 
     R m     
        =  
         

    1 − (1 + α) V2
     0

    The inverse for 2 × 2 matrix is given as:

    " #−1 " #


    a b 1 d −b
    =
    c d ad − bc −c a

    − (1 + α) − (gm + sC) I 
     
    V1  1 
     
      in 
    =
      
       
      D  1 + sRC   
     
    V2 −1 0
    R
    where,
    1 −R
    =
    D (1 + gm R + α) + sRC (2 + α)
    − (1 + α) Iin
    V1 (s) =
    D
    R (1 + α)
    Zin (s) =
    (1 + gm R + α) + sRC (2 + α)

    R Vin − Vs
    I=
    R
    −
    Vin +
    + Vs Not linear
    −

    Example 2: Find admittance Yin (s)

    1H

    2Ω i3 2Ω

    Vin +
    − i1 1/4F i2 2Ω
    Yin (s)

    2
    2 (s + 2/s) −4/s −2  I  V 
     
     s+1   1   in 
     −4/s 4 −2  I2  =  0 
     s     0 
    −2 −2 4 + s I3

    8 (s + 2)2
    Det =
    s

    Use Cramer’s rule to solve

     
    4 s2 + 4s + 4 /s
    I1 (s) = Vin (s)
    8 (s + 2)2 /s

    Yin (s) = 1/2

    Note that poles and zeros cancel. But it is a second order system with repeated root
    s = −2.
    Example 3:

    V1 1Ω V2

    +
    iL (0− )
    Iin 1Ω 1F CVc (0− ) 1H
    s
    −
    iL

    " #" # " #


    s+2 −1 V1 Iin + CVc (0− )
    =
    −1 1/s + 1 V2 −iL (0− ) /s

    Initial value and final value theorem

    "
    # Z∞
    df − df −st
    L = sF (s) − f (0 ) = e dt
    dt 0− dt
    Z 0+ Z∞
    − df −st df −st
    lim (sF (s) − f (0 )) = lim e dt + lim e dt
    s→∞ s→∞ 0− dt s→∞ 0− dt
    Z 0+
    df
    RHS = lim f (0+ ) − f (0− )
    s→∞ 0− =

    lim sF (s) = f (0+ )


    s→∞

    3
    Final Value
    Z ∞
    − df
    lim (sF (s) − f (0 )) = dt
    s→0 0− dt
    Zt
    df
    = lim dτ
    t→∞ 0− dτ

    = lim f (t) − f (0− )


    t→∞
    lim sF (s) = lim f (t)
    s→0 t→∞

    Note: Final value theorem will give steady state solution only if there is a steady state. It
    works only if all poles are in the LHP and you have at most one simple pole at the origin
    s·s
    e.g. lims→0 2 = 0. Not correct as limt→∞ cosωt , 0
    s + ω2
    Exercise : Find V2 (s) , V2 (t) for circuit given below

    1/2F
    V1 V2 4H V3

    2 + 5u (t) +
    − 1Ω
    +
    − 4u (t)

    Use initial value theorem and find v2 (0+ ) from V2 (s) and final value theorem to find limt→∞ v2 (t)

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